Download or read book Experimental Characterization of a Micro Pulsed Inductive Thruster MicroPIT Prototype written by Matthew Frederick Bartone and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of the Micro Pulsed Inductive Thruster written by David Vaughan Peters and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of an Exploding Micro wire Pulsed Plasma Thruster written by Diego Mejia Montano and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulsed Plasma Thrusters typically live in the low-range efficiency realm compared to other types of electric propulsion thrusters. In an attempt to explore if any added benefits could be gained from experimenting with a new propellant type, additional physics had to be incorporated into the classical RLC model approach. A study into modeling how a micro-wire propellant would react when subjected to energy deposition via current-driven heating was undertaken. Once a first-order estimate, verified with computational estimates, was obtained then the classical RLC series circuit model could be used to compare and validate the results obtained from experimentation. It was found that while the proposed propellant type is feasible, it produced performance differences that could not be explained solely by the classical model and a more exhaustive investigation into various phenomena will have to be pursued.
Download or read book Assessment of the Plume Characteristics of a Miniaturized Pulsed Plasma Thurster written by Richard Henry [Verfasser] Sypniewski Jr. and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulsed Plasma Thrusters are one of the most simplistic constructions in the electric propulsion family and are categorized among the electromagnetic class of thrusters. This classification of electromagnetics deals with the underlying physics of the pulsed plasma thruster and is much more complex with less understanding then other electric propulsion systems. However, due to the mechanical simplicity, wide range of specific impulses, non-toxic propellant, and the numerous applications, these thrusters are an ideal candidate for integrating into CubeSats. CubeSats are nanosatellites that are designed in three typical standard sizes (1 Unit, 2 Unit, and 3 Unit), each with standardized footprints. The smallest volumetric dimensions are the 1 Unit CubeSat, which is 10 x 10 x 10 cm. The volume and mass of CubeSats are quite small and therefore the miniaturization of the Pulsed Plasma Thruster is necessary to adhere to these constraints. Current research has shown that when miniaturization of a Pulsed Plasma Thruster there is a tendency for the thruster to work and perform in the electrothermal regime rather than in the electromagnetic one. Understanding which regime the thruster is operating in is critical for understanding how to optimize the design. For example, a thruster operates with higher efficiencies in the electromagnetic regime because there is much less loss from Ohmic heating. Preliminary testing of the Micro-Pulsed Plasma Thruster design was performed by the research company called FOTEC and determined a thruster chamber design. To understand thoroughly the Micro-Pulsed Plasma Thruster, characterization of the thruster and its plume will be conducted experimentally. This characterization will determine parametric features such as current/voltage waveform, electron temperatures, electron densities, and exhaust velocities. Performing the initial characterizations will give insight into the Micro-Pulsed Plasma Thruster and will provide further understanding into the regime that the thruster is operating in. The characteristics that resulted from this thesis concluded that the Micro-Pulsed Plasma Thruster is operating in the electromagnetic regime. This was concluded based on several characteristic traits that only conclude for electromagnetic acceleration mechanisms. These were that the peak currents reached were approximately 5,000 A and the exhaust velocity was in the 50 km/sec range. Further information was measured and the total resistance and inductance was calculated to be 13 m and 24 nH. Details on this information and how it was calculated is discussed in this thesis.*****Pulsed Plasma Thrusters are one of the most simplistic constructions in the electric propulsion family and are categorized among the electromagnetic class of thrusters. This classification of electromagnetics deals with the underlying physics of the pulsed plasma thruster and is much more complex with less understanding then other electric propulsion systems. However, due to the mechanical simplicity, wide range of specific impulses, non-toxic propellant, and the numerous applications, these thrusters are an ideal candidate for integrating into CubeSats. CubeSats are nanosatellites that are designed in three typical standard sizes (1 Unit, 2 Unit, and 3 Unit), each with standardized footprints. The smallest volumetric dimensions are the 1 Unit CubeSat, which is 10 x 10 x 10 cm. The volume and mass of CubeSats are quite small and therefore the miniaturization of the Pulsed Plasma Thruster is necessary to adhere to these constraints. Current research has shown that when miniaturization of a Pulsed Plasma Thruster there is a tendency for the thruster to work and perform in the electrothermal regime rather than in the electromagnetic one. Understanding which regime the thruster is operating in is critical for understanding how to optimize the design. For example, a thruster operates with higher efficiencies in the electromagne
Download or read book Experimental Characterization of Steady State Applied Field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster SX3 written by Joan Albert [Verfasser] Miralles Pascual and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The apparatus for experimental research on AF-MPD at the Institute of Space Systems has been improved and characterized. In the process, significant changes have been done with respect previous experimental campaigns with regard to safety, long term operation and accuracy. These modifications include a refurbishment of the electric and water circuits inside and outside the tank as well as preventing arc attachment points. Once the setup was assembled, it needed to be characterized in order to assess what are the sources of disturbances for the evaluation of electromagnetic thrust. This was done in one long experimental campaign in which the gas dynamic thrust was measured, the external magnetic field was mapped downstream the thruster and the dynamics of the thrust balance was studied. It was found that the dynamic expansion of the gas might generate a subtle thrust component that increases with the mass flow rate through the cathode. The map of the magnetic field was compared with numerical simulations from a FEMM model, showing good agreement. Moreover, a device to simulate the arc discharge current on the thruster was designed, but could not be put into operation due to time constraints. During preliminary ignition tests, the SX3 was operated at a power level of 19.6 kW in steady state regime and a magnetic field intensity up to 140 mT. This experiment revealed instabilities in the arc discharge at low current levels. The analysis of the data, together with the characterization of the setup, lead to the development of a measurement procedure that aims to determine the thrust generated by the SX3. The work done in this thesis opens the door for an extensive experimental campaign in which the performance of the thruster SX3 can be comprehensively assessed and described.*****The apparatus for experimental research on AF-MPD at the Institute of Space Systems has been improved and characterized. In the process, significant changes have been done with respect previous experimental campaigns with regard to safety, long term operation and accuracy. These modifications include a refurbishment of the electric and water circuits inside and outside the tank as well as preventing arc attachment points. Once the setup was assembled, it needed to be characterized in order to assess what are the sources of disturbances for the evaluation of electromagnetic thrust. This was done in one long experimental campaign in which the gas dynamic thrust was measured, the external magnetic field was mapped downstream the thruster and the dynamics of the thrust balance was studied. It was found that the dynamic expansion of the gas might generate a subtle thrust component that increases with the mass flow rate through the cathode. The map of the magnetic field was compared with numerical simulations from a FEMM model, showing good agreement. Moreover, a device to simulate the arc discharge current on the thruster was designed, but could not be put into operation due to time constraints. During preliminary ignition tests, the SX3 was operated at a power level of 19.6 kW in steady state regime and a magnetic field intensity up to 140 mT. This experiment revealed instabilities in the arc discharge at low current levels. The analysis of the data, together with the characterization of the setup, lead to the development of a measurement procedure that aims to determine the thrust generated by the SX3. The work done in this thesis opens the door for an extensive experimental campaign in which the performance of the thruster SX3 can be comprehensively assessed and described.
Download or read book Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering 2nd Edition written by Krzysztof Schabowicz and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2023-07-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of this topic, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semidestructive, and nondestructive testing.
Download or read book Bearing Steel Technology written by John M. Beswick and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acidic Pit Lakes written by Walter Geller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides an international perspective on pit lakes in post-mining landscapes, including the problem of geogenic acidification. Much has been learned during the last decade through research and practical experience on how to mitigate or remediate the environmental problems of acidic pit lakes. In the first part of the book, general scientific issues are presented in 21 contributions from the fields of geo-environmental science, water chemistry, lake physics, lake modeling, and on the peculiar biological features that occur in the extreme habitats of acidic pit lakes. Another chapter provides an overview of methods currently used to remediate acidic pit lakes and treat outflowing acidic water. The second part of the book is a collection of regional surveys of pit lake problems from three European countries and Australia, and case studies of various individual representative lakes. A final case study provides an innovative approach to assessing the economic value of new pit lakes and balancing the costs and benefits, a valuable tool for decision makers.
Download or read book Spark Plasma Sintering and Related Field Assisted Powder Consolidation Technologies written by Eugene A. Olevsky and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-02 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromagnetic field-assisted sintering techniques have increasingly attracted attention of scientists and technologists. Spark-plasma sintering (SPS) and other field-assisted powder consolidation approaches provide remarkable capabilities to the processing of materials into configurations previously unattainable. Of particular significance is the possibility of using very fast heating rates, which, coupled with the field-assisted mass transport, stand behind the purported ability to achieve high densities during consolidation and to maintain the nanostructure of consolidated materials via these techniques. Potentially, SPS and related technologies have many significant advantages over the conventional powder processing methods, including the lower process temperature, the shorter holding time, dramatically improved properties of sintered products, low manufacturing costs, and environmental friendliness.
Download or read book Sonochemistry and Sonoluminescence written by L.A. Crum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sonochemistry is studied primarily by chemists and sonoluminescence mainly by physicists, but a single physical phenomenon - acoustic cavitation - unites the two areas. The physics of cavitation bubble collapse, is relatively well understood by acoustical physicists but remains practically unknown to the chemists. By contrast, the chemistry that gives rise to electromagnetic emissions and the acceleration of chemical reactions is familiar to chemists, but practically unknown to acoustical physicists. It is just this knowledge gap that the present volume addresses. The first section of the book addresses the fundamentals of cavitation, leading to a more extensive discussion of the fundamentals of cavitation bubble dynamics in section two. A section on single bubble sonoluminescence follows. The two following sections address the new scientific discipline of sonochemistry, and the volume concludes with a section giving detailed descriptions of the applications of sonochemistry. The mixture of tutorial lectures and detailed research articles means that the book can serve as an introduction as well as a comprehensive and detailed review of these two interesting and topical subjects.
Download or read book Failure Atlas for Hertz Contact Machine Elements written by T. E. Tallian and published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New edition of a photographic failure documentation relating to Hertz machine elements. Part I (general information), comprises a review of background, failure classification codes, and appearance classification tables. Part II (plates), the main body of the book, is composed of a series of bandw image pages, each of which illustrates one major failure class. An introduction to each chapter describes the definition, failure process, appearance, causes, and effect of the failure mode(s) covered. Concludes with a section of color illustrations. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Psychological Acoustics written by Earl D. Schubert and published by Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company. This book was released on 1979 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer written by John R. Thome and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive survey of boiling heat transfer augmentation, one of the most dynamic areas in the field. The text covers fundamental aspects of boiling augmentation and provides an in-depth treatment of enhanced boiling surface applications in industry.
Download or read book Physics of Ionized Gases written by Damir Veža and published by Nova Biomedical Books. This book was released on 1995 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics of Ionized Gases
Download or read book Liquid Acquisition Devices for Advanced In Space Cryogenic Propulsion Systems written by Jason William Hartwig and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-11-21 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Acquisition Devices for Advanced In-Space Cryogenic Propulsion Systems discusses the importance of reliable cryogenic systems, a pivotal part of everything from engine propulsion to fuel deposits. As some of the most efficient systems involve advanced cryogenic fluid management systems that present challenging issues, the book tackles issues such as the difficulty in obtaining data, the lack of quality data and models, and the complexity in trying to model these systems. The book presents models and experimental data based on rare and hard-to-obtain cryogenic data. Through clear descriptions of practical data and models, readers will explore the development of robust and flexible liquid acquisition devices (LAD) through component-level and full-scale ground experiments, as well as analytical tools. This book presents new and rare experimental data, as well as analytical models, in a fundamental area to the aerospace and space-flight communities. With this data, the reader can consider new and improved ways to design, analyze, and build expensive flight systems. Presents a definitive reference for design ideas, analysis tools, and performance data on cryogenic liquid acquisition devices Provides historical perspectives to present fundamental design models and performance data, which are applied to two practical examples throughout the book Describes a series of models to optimize liquid acquisition device performance, which are confirmed through a variety of parametric component level tests Includes video clips of experiments on a companion website
Download or read book Lead Acid Battery Technologies written by Joey Jung and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lead-Acid Battery Technologies: Fundamentals, Materials, and Applications offers a systematic and state-of-the-art overview of the materials, system design, and related issues for the development of lead-acid rechargeable battery technologies. Featuring contributions from leading scientists and engineers in industry and academia, this book:Describe
Download or read book Noncircular Gears written by Faydor L. Litvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-06 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noncircular Gears: Design and Generation represents the extension of the modern theory of gearing applied to the design and manufacture of the main types of noncircular gears: conventional and modified elliptical gears, eccentric gears, oval gears, gears with lobes, and twisted gears. This book is enhanced by updated theoretical description of the methods of generation of noncircular gears by enveloping methods similar to those applied to the generation of circular gears. Noncircular Gears: Design and Generation also offers new developments directed to extend the application of noncircular gears for output speed variation and generation of functions. Numerous numerical examples show the application of the developed theory. This book aims to extend the application of noncircular gear drives in mechanisms and industry.
