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EBookClubs

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Book Site Characterization for Explosives Contamination at a Military Firing Range Impact Area

Download or read book Site Characterization for Explosives Contamination at a Military Firing Range Impact Area written by Thomas F. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was conducted at the inland firing ranges at Fort Ord to determine the current levels of explosives residues and to recommend appropriate future site characterization techniques. A set of 280 soil samples was collected from depths ranging from 0-15 cm to 105-120 cm from anti-tank ranges 44 and 48. Sampling locations were selected on the basis of the locations of current and former targets, and included an area away from specific targets and a background area, not affected by local detonations. HMX was the explosives residue present at the highest concentration. Much lower concentrations of RDX, TNT, and two isomers of aminodinitrotoluene were also detected. Explosives residues were largely confined to surface soils near tank targets. A major problem for site characterization was found to be the large spatial heterogeneity present. Composite samples very effectively provided representative samples for 5- x 5-m size grids. A colorimetric on-site method gave reliable results for HMX, relative to SW846 Method 8330. No currently available on-site method for RDX was found to be adequate in the presence of much higher concentrations of HMX.

Book Special Report

Download or read book Special Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Ecotoxicology of Explosives

Download or read book Ecotoxicology of Explosives written by Geoffrey I. Sunahara and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing sites contaminated with munitions constituents is an international challenge. Although the choice of approach and the use of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) tools may vary from country to country, the assurance of quality and the direction of ecotoxicological research are universally recognized as shared concerns. Drawing on a multidiscip

Book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Government Reports Announcements Index

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Government reports annual index

Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Trace Chemical Sensing of Explosives

Download or read book Trace Chemical Sensing of Explosives written by Ronald L. Woodfin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-15 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book covers the most recent developments in the chemical detection of explosives in a variety of environments. Beginning with a broad view of the need for and the potential applications of chemical sensing, the book considers the issue of how to effectively include chemical sensing into systems designed to find hidden explosives devices. Offering a firsthand look at the latest technologies direct from those who are actively developing them, the book features: A look at the history of the field, including the contributions of recent programs A brief explanation of the chemistry of various explosives and differences in the place where they may be detected An introduction to the problems presented by trace element sensing An overview and comparison of the technologies currently being used and developed Case studies of field experiences with chemical sensors A look at the emerging threat of non-traditional explosives This book is an important reference for explosives engineers, systems engineers involved in the development of related devices, government agencies and NGOs involved in demining efforts, military and law enforcement specialists in mines and explosive ordinance disposal (EOD), as well as environmental scientists and chemists involved in explosives research. In addition to providing field workers with knowledge that will help them decide where and how to search for explosives using chemical sensors. It will provide them with an understanding of the potential and the limitations of chemical sensing in their search for and identification of dangerous devices.

Book Determination of Nitroaromatic Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Water Using SPE and GC ECD Comparison with HPLC

Download or read book Determination of Nitroaromatic Nitramine and Nitrate Ester Explosives in Water Using SPE and GC ECD Comparison with HPLC written by Marianne E. Walsh and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analytical method for the determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives and Co-contaminants in water was developed based on SPE (solid-phase extraction) and GC-ECD (gas chromatograph-electron capture detector). Water samples are preconcentrated using either cartridge or membrane SPE followed by elution with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is compatible with both liquid and gas chromatography, thereby allowing direct comparison of concentration estimates obtained by different methods of determination. Quantitative GC analyses were obtained by using deactivated direct-injection-port liners, short wide-bore capillary columns. and high linear carrier gas velocities. Recoveries from spiked samples were 90% or greater for each of the nitroaromatics and nitrate esters, and greater than 70% for nitramines and amino-nitrotoluenes. Estimates of analyte concentrations in well-water extracts from military sites in the United States and Canada analyzed by GC-ECD and the standard HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method showed good agreement for the analytes most frequently detected (HMX octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, RDX hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and TNB 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene). The GC method provides lower method detection limits for most analytes than HPLC, but accurate calibration is more difficult. The ultraviolet (UV) detector used for the HPLC analysis has much greater linear range than the ECD used for GC analysis. In addition. the GC instrumentation requires more care than the LC. Specifically the injection port liner must be changed frequently to maintain accurate determination of the nitramines. Because the sample preparation technique yields extracts that are compatible with both GC and HPLC analysis, confirmation of analyte presence can be obtained based on different physical properties.