Download or read book 21st Century Challenges in Chemical Crystallography II written by D. Michael P. Mingos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarises recent developments and highlights new techniques which will define possible future directions for small molecule X-ray crystallography. It provides an insight into how specific aspects of crystallography are developing and shows how they may interact or integrate with other areas of science. The development of more sophisticated equipment and the massive rise in computing power has made it possible to solve the three-dimensional structure of an organic molecule within hours if not minutes. This successful trajectory has resulted in the ability to study ever more complex molecules and use smaller and smaller crystals. The structural parameters for over a million organic and organometallic compounds are now archived in the most commonly used database and this wealth of information creates a new set of problems for future generations of scientists. The volume provides some insight into how users of crystallographic structural data banks can navigate their way through a world where “big data” has become the norm. The coupling of crystallography to quantum chemical calculations provides detailed information about electron distributions in crystals affording a much more detailed analysis of bonding than has been possible previously. In quantum crystallography, quantum mechanical wavefunctions are used to extract information about bonding and properties from the measured X-ray structure factors. The advent of quantum crystallography has resulted in form and structure factors derived from quantum mechanics which have been used in advanced refinement and wavefunction fitting. This volume describes how quantum mechanically derived atomic form factors and structure factors are constructed to allow the improved description of the diffraction experiment. It further discusses recent developments in this field and illustrates their applications with a wide range of examples. This volume will be of interest to chemists and crystallographers with an interest in the synthesis, characterisation and physical and catalytic properties of solid-state materials. It will also be relevant for the community of computational chemists who study chemical systems. Postgraduate students entering the field will benefit from a historical introduction to the way in which scientists have used the data derived from crystallography to develop new structural and bonding models.
Download or read book Chemistry for the 21st Century written by Ehud Keinan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, numerous winners of the Wolf prize from all chemical disciplines provide an overview of the new ideas and approaches that will shape this dynamic science over the forthcoming decades and so will have a decisive influence on our living conditions. This glimpse of the future is naturally based on the findings granted us by the rapid increase in chemical research during the 20th century. It may be said that a silent "revolution" took place, the positive results of which are still not fully predicted. For example, chemists in research laboratories nowadays are able to develop drugs in increasingly short times to treat diseases once thought incurable. They can design new materials that withstand extreme conditions, and predict the properties of compounds that no one has even seen yet. In this exceptional book those breakthroughs of modern chemistry are illustrated and explained by leading scientists. It stems from the high-quality papers given at the prestigious ceremony to accompany the presentation of the 20th Wolf Prize. It is an extraordinary source for every chemist in industry and academia to get an overview of the highlights of modern chemistry.
Download or read book Alzheimer s Disease Advances for a New Century written by IOS Press and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2013-02-15 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a companion to the highly successful book published in association with the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease (JAD) on the centennial of Alzheimer’s discovery: “Alzheimer’s Disease: A Century of Scientific and Clinical Research”. Instead of looking back, this collection, “Alzheimer’s Disease: Advances for a New Century”, will look forward. Using scientometric analysis the most promising developments since the Alzheimer Centennial in 2006 have been substantiated. While prior trends and advances in genetics, amyloid-?, tau, neuropathology, and oxidative stress continue as active areas, emergent areas impacting the transition from normal cognition to Alzheimer’s disease such as diagnostic imaging, biomarkers, metabolism, and lifestyle (areas conceived only a few years ago) now dominate the debate. Invited contributors have summarized their landmark publications identified by our analysis and have put them into perspective, explaining the impetus behind the work, the contribution of the results to the field, and who played a role in the work.
Download or read book Reactor Dosimetry in the 21st Century written by Jan Wagemans and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of the art in reactor dosimetry as applied to nuclear power plants and to high performance research reactors, accelerator-driven systems and spallation sources. The reader will also find the latest advances in computer code development for radiation transport and shielding. In addition, the book focuses on radiation measurement techniques.
Download or read book Handbook Of Clinical And Experimental Neuropsychology written by Gianfranco Denes and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 1121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domain of neuroscience has had one of the most explosive growths in recent decades: within this development there has been a remarkable and renewed interest in the study of the relations between behaviour and the central nervous system. Part of this new attention is connected with the contribution of new technologies (PET, fMRI) permitting more precise mapping of neural structures responsible for cognitive functions and the development of new theoretical models of mental activities. The diffusion of new pathologies (for example the pattern of cognitive impairment associated with AIDS) has further enlarged the field of clinical neuropsychology. Finally there has been an expanding clinical interest in the understanding and management of age-related cognitive changes. This volume is the translated and updated version of the second edition of Manuale di Neuropsicologia (Zanichelli, 1996), by the same authors, and it reflects the current status of the art. It is intended to blend clinical and theoretical aspects of neuropsychology. The first part discusses the instrumental and clinical methods of investigation in neuropsychology, together with their development. A long section is dedicated to the language and memory disorders. The impairment of non-verbal cognitve functions, such as the disorders of space orientation, of of visuo-perceptive abilities, and of the emotions and attention, are extensively discussed. The pattern of degenerative dementias is thorougly described, as e is thoroughly described, as well as a number of new topics, such as a neuropsychological approach to consciousness. Finally, perspectives for treatment of some cognitive disorders are outlined.
Download or read book Handbook of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology written by G. Denes and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the translated and updated version of the second edition of Manuale di Neuropsicologia (Zanichelli, 1996), by the same authors, and it reflects the current status of the art.
Download or read book Rheumatic Fever 21st Century clinical and experimental insights written by Roney Orismar Sampaio and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-05-16 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computational Experiment Approach to Advanced Secondary Mathematics Curriculum written by Sergei Abramovich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book promotes the experimental mathematics approach in the context of secondary mathematics curriculum by exploring mathematical models depending on parameters that were typically considered advanced in the pre-digital education era. This approach, by drawing on the power of computers to perform numerical computations and graphical constructions, stimulates formal learning of mathematics through making sense of a computational experiment. It allows one (in the spirit of Freudenthal) to bridge serious mathematical content and contemporary teaching practice. In other words, the notion of teaching experiment can be extended to include a true mathematical experiment. When used appropriately, the approach creates conditions for collateral learning (in the spirit of Dewey) to occur including the development of skills important for engineering applications of mathematics. In the context of a mathematics teacher education program, the book addresses a call for the preparation of teachers capable of utilizing modern technology tools for the modeling-based teaching of mathematics with a focus on methods conducive to the improvement of the whole STEM education at the secondary level. By the same token, using the book’s pedagogy and its mathematical content in a pre-college classroom can assist teachers in introducing students to the ideas that develop the foundation of engineering profession.
Download or read book 21st Century Economics A Reference Handbook written by Rhona C. Free and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-05-14 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in economics is at an all-time high. Among the challenges facing the nation is an economy with rapidly rising unemployment, failures of major businesses and industries, and continued dependence on oil with its wildly fluctuating price. Americans are debating the proper role of the government in company bailouts, the effectiveness of tax cuts versus increased government spending to stimulate the economy, and potential effects of deflation. Economists have dealt with such questions for generations, but they have taken on new meaning and significance. Tackling these questions and encompassing analysis of traditional economic theory and topics as well as those that economists have only more recently addressed, 21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook is intended to meet the needs of several types of readers. Undergraduate students preparing for exams will find summaries of theory and models in key areas of micro and macroeconomics. Readers interested in learning about economic analysis of an issue as well students embarking on research projects will find introductions to relevant theory and empirical evidence. And economists seeking to learn about extensions of analysis into new areas or about new approaches will benefit from chapters that introduce cutting-edge topics. To make the book accessible to undergraduate students, models have been presented only in graphical format (minimal calculus) and empirical evidence has been summarized in ways that do not require much background in statistics or econometrics. It is thereby hoped that chapters will provide both crucial information and inspiration in a non-threatening, highly readable format.
Download or read book Atomic Clusters Theory Experiments written by Ambrish Kumar Srivastava and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aerospace Thermal Structures and Materials for a New Era written by Earl A. Thornton and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1995 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Dynamics of Glass Forming Systems written by George Floudas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pressure is one of the essential thermodynamic variables that, due to some former experimental difficulties, was long known as the “forgotten variable.” But this has changed over the last decade. This book includes the most essential first experiments from the 1960's and reviews the progress made in understanding glass formation with the application of pressure in the last ten years. The systems include amorphous polymers and glass-forming liquids, polypeptides and polymer blends. The thermodynamics of these systems, the relation of the structural relaxation to the chemical specificity, and their present and future potential applications are discussed in detail. The book provides (a) an overview of systems exhibiting glassy behavior in relation to their molecular structure and provides readers with the current state of knowledge on the liquid-to-glass transformation, (b) emphasizes the relation between thermodynamic state and dynamic response and (c) shows that the information on the pressure effects on dynamics can be employed in the design of materials for particular applications. It is meant to serve as an advanced introductory book for scientists and graduate students working or planning to work with dynamics. Several scientific papers dealing with the effects of pressure on dynamics have appeared in leading journals in the fields of physics in the last ten years. The book provides researchers and students new to the field with an overview of the knowledge that has been gained in a coherent and comprehensive way.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Data in a New Era written by Phyllis S. Glaeser and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics dealt with: Bioscience and biotechnology; Industry and technology; Safety and environmental protection; Geo- and space sciences; Scientific aspects of collecting and distributing data; Legal and social aspects of data dissemination; Innovations in data handling.
Download or read book Regulatory Peptides in Neuroscience and Endocrinology A New Era Begins written by Lee E. Eiden and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic features recent developments in the field of regulatory peptide physiology and peptide-based therapeutics.
Download or read book Future Biotechnology Research on the International Space Station written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-14 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under current NASA plans, investigations in the area of biotechnology will be a significant component of the life sciences research to be conducted on the International Space Station (ISS). They encompass work on cell science and studies of the use of microgravity to grow high-quality protein crystals. Both these subdisciplines are advancing rapidly in terrestrial laboratories, fueled by federal and industrial research budgets that dwarf those of NASA's life science program. Forging strong and fruitful connections between the space investigations and laboratory-bench biologists, a continual challenge for NASA' s life sciences program, is thus of great importance to ensuring the excellence of ISS research. This report evaluates the plan for NASA's biotechnology facility on the ISS and the scientific context that surrounds it, and makes recommendations on how the facility can be made more effective. In addition to questions about optimizing the instrumentation, the report addresses strategies for enhancing the scientific impact and improving the outreach to mainstream terrestrial biology. No major redirection of effort is called for, but collectively the specific, targeted changes recommended by the task group would have a major effect on the conduct of biotechnology research in space.
Download or read book Effect of Spaceflight and Spaceflight Analogue Culture on Human and Microbial Cells written by Cheryl A. Nickerson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-21 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many breakthroughs in biological research and translational healthcare advancements have been achieved by studying the response of biological systems to extreme environments. The spaceflight platform provides a unique environment where researchers can explore fundamental questions into cellular and molecular response mechanisms to unveil novel insight into human health and disease. Since the physical force of gravity has shaped the architecture of all biological systems on our planet, spaceflight provides the opportunity to see life in a new adaptational mode - in response to reduced gravity. This enables investigations into the effects of the microgravity environment and associated changes in mechanical forces on mammalian cells/tissues and microbial pathogens, to bring novel insight into disease mechanisms, which are not discernable using conventional experimental approaches. Research using spaceflight platforms represents a paradigm shift in how we observe life processes and is on the leading edge of research discoveries into cellular and molecular mechanisms of health and disease. By incorporating the views of leading authors, this book highlights landmark discoveries and advances in mammalian cellular and microbiology research in both true spaceflight and ground-based spaceflight analogue environments for scientists and students alike who are interested in the influence of physical forces on mammalian and microbial cells, how this impacts transition between normal homeostasis and disease, and basic mechanisms of adaptation to low gravity environments. To provide a thorough understanding of this research, this book covers a range of topics including: (i) description the physical forces interacting with cells in microgravity and microgravity analogue environments, (ii) how alterations in these cellular forces impact human physiology, specifically immune function, (iii) use of these environments to develop organotypic three-dimensional (3-D) tissue culture models as predictive human surrogates for organogenesis and disease research, and (iv) microbial pathogen responses to culture in these environments, focusing on infectious disease Collectively, this information reflects a critical step in preparation for long-duration human space exploration, advances our knowledge of basic biological processes and mechanisms important to understand normal function and disease, and may lead to new strategies for treatment and prevention.
