Download or read book Handbook of Collective Intelligence written by Thomas W. Malone and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts describe the latest research in a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field, the study of groups of individuals acting collectively in ways that seem intelligent. Intelligence does not arise only in individual brains; it also arises in groups of individuals. This is collective intelligence: groups of individuals acting collectively in ways that seem intelligent. In recent years, a new kind of collective intelligence has emerged: interconnected groups of people and computers, collectively doing intelligent things. Today these groups are engaged in tasks that range from writing software to predicting the results of presidential elections. This volume reports on the latest research in the study of collective intelligence, laying out a shared set of research challenges from a variety of disciplinary and methodological perspectives. Taken together, these essays—by leading researchers from such fields as computer science, biology, economics, and psychology—lay the foundation for a new multidisciplinary field. Each essay describes the work on collective intelligence in a particular discipline—for example, economics and the study of markets; biology and research on emergent behavior in ant colonies; human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence; and cognitive psychology and the “wisdom of crowds” effect. Other areas in social science covered include social psychology, organizational theory, law, and communications. Contributors Eytan Adar, Ishani Aggarwal, Yochai Benkler, Michael S. Bernstein, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Jonathan Bragg, Deborah M. Gordon, Benjamin Mako Hill, Christopher H. Lin, Andrew W. Lo, Thomas W. Malone, Mausam, Brent Miller, Aaron Shaw, Mark Steyvers, Daniel S. Weld, Anita Williams Woolley

Download or read book Working Together written by Amy Poteete and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in the social sciences have emerged through a variety of research methods: field-based research, laboratory and field experiments, and agent-based models. However, which research method or approach is best suited to a particular inquiry is frequently debated and discussed. Working Together examines how different methods have promoted various theoretical developments related to collective action and the commons, and demonstrates the importance of cross-fertilization involving multimethod research across traditional boundaries. The authors look at why cross-fertilization is difficult to achieve, and they show ways to overcome these challenges through collaboration. The authors provide numerous examples of collaborative, multimethod research related to collective action and the commons. They examine the pros and cons of case studies, meta-analyses, large-N field research, experiments and modeling, and empirically grounded agent-based models, and they consider how these methods contribute to research on collective action for the management of natural resources. Using their findings, the authors outline a revised theory of collective action that includes three elements: individual decision making, microsituational conditions, and features of the broader social-ecological context. Acknowledging the academic incentives that influence and constrain how research is conducted, Working Together reworks the theory of collective action and offers practical solutions for researchers and students across a spectrum of disciplines.

Download or read book Collective Wisdom written by Katerina Cizek and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to co-create—and why: the emergence of media co-creation as a concept and as a practice grounded in equity and justice. Co-creation is everywhere: It’s how the internet was built; it generated massive prehistoric rock carvings; it powered the development of vaccines for COVID-19 in record time. Co-creation offers alternatives to the idea of the solitary author privileged by top-down media. But co-creation is easy to miss, as individuals often take credit for—and profit from—collective forms of authorship, erasing whole cultures and narratives as they do so. Collective Wisdom offers the first guide to co-creation as a concept and as a practice, tracing co-creation in a media-making that ranges from collaborative journalism to human–AI partnerships. Why co-create—and why now? The many coauthors, drawing on a remarkable array of professional and personal experience, focus on the radical, sustained practices of co-creating media within communities and with social movements. They explore the urgent need for co-creation across disciplines and organization, and the latest methods for collaborating with nonhuman systems in biology and technology. The idea of “collective intelligence” is not new, and has been applied to such disparate phenomena as decision making by consensus and hived insects. Collective wisdom goes further. With conceptual explanation and practical examples, this book shows that co-creation only becomes wise when it is grounded in equity and justice. With Coauthors Juanita Anderson, Maria Agui Carter, Detroit Narrative Agency, Thomas Allen Harris, Maori Karmael Holmes, Richard Lachman, Louis Massiah, Cara Mertes, Sara Rafsky, Michèle Stephenson, Amelia Winger-Bearskin, and Sarah Wolozin

Download or read book No Extension without Representation Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Collective Bargaining written by Alexander Hijzen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-09-07 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many countries, notably across Europe, collective bargaining coverage is enhanced by government-issued extensions that widen the reach of collective agreements beyond their signatory parties to all firms and workers in the same sector. This paper analyses the causal impact of such extensions on employment using a natural experiment in Portugal: the immediate suspension by the government that took office in 21 June 2011 of the (until then) nearly automatic extensions. The combination of this suspension and the time needed for processing the extension applications resulted in a sharp and unanticipated decline in the extension probability of agreements signed several month earlier around 1 March 2011. Our results, based on a regression discontinuity design and matched employer-employee-agreement panel data, suggest that extensions had a negative impact on employment growth. Moreover, the effects tend to be concentrated among non-affiliated firms. The lack of representativeness of employer associations is a potentially important factor behind the adverse effect of extensions. Another is the role of retro-activity in combination with the administrative delay in processing extensions. This is particularly relevant in the context of a recession.

Download or read book Transformative Consumer Research for Personal and Collective Well Being written by David Glen Mick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-01-26 with total page 767 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Daily existence is more connected to consumer behaviors than ever before, raising many issues around well-being and quality of life. Problematic consumer behaviors include unhealthy eating, alcohol, tobacco, pornography, and gambling abuse, credit card mismanagement, marketplace discrimination, and ecological deterioration. This book explores opportunities for improving well-being via consumer behaviors, such as empowerment via the Internet, product sharing, leisure pursuits, family consumption, and pro-environmental activities.

Download or read book Dimensions of Shared Agency A Study on Joint Collective and Group Intentional Action written by Giulia Lasagni and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Dimensions of Shared Agency" investigates the way in which standard philosophical accounts have been dealing with the issue of collective actions. In particular, the book focuses on the ‘Big Five’ of analytical social ontology (namely, Michael Bratman, Margaret Gilbert, Philip Pettit, John R. Searle and Raimo Tuomela) and their accounts of shared/collective intentions and actions. Through systematic readings of different positions in the debate, the author proposes original ways of analyzing and classifying current theories of shared agency according to whether they advance a member-level or a group-level account of shared agency. While member-level accounts (MLA) are theories of shared agency based on individuals’ attitudes and actions, group-level accounts (GLA) give attention to the group of individuals considered as a whole, i.e., as an agent itself. Criticism arises against the idea that the Big Five have proposed stable group-level accounts suitable for explaining the case of shared agency as a group-level phenomenon. The widespread tendency in the debate is to endorse a perspective called holistic individualism, which maintains that high-level explanations are objective even though social facts are ontologically reducible to facts about individuals. Lasagni argues that as long as holistic individualism is held, the GLA is reducible to the MLA because holistic individualism upholds ontological individualism based on a deep individualistic premise, fixing the special status of individual agents as natural persons. The premise makes the claim to treat groups as agents contradictory to the general framework of the theory. This book profiles an alternative interpretation according to which agency should be considered as a functional kind, which is equally instantiated by different systems, such as individual human beings and organized social groups. In this way, the author claims, the reduction of the social can be avoided. "Dimensions of Shared Agency" will be of interest to doctoral students, researchers, and scholars interested in social ontology and the philosophy of the social sciences. It can also be utilised as supplementary reading or an introduction to philosophy students and scholars who are first approaching the philosophy of collective intentionality and shared agency.

Download or read book Anthotype Emulsions Volume 2 The collective research from photographers on World Anthotype Day 2023 written by Malin Fabbri and published by AlternativePhotography.com. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the second year running, anthotype and alternative photographic process artists from all over the world came together. On Saturday, the 19th of August 2023, anthotypes were created and photographic prints were made from plants and pigments. The second World Anthotype Day was celebrated by artists creating vibrant and colourful photographs from homemade emulsions made from plants, powders or dyes, and then exposing the prints in the sun. World Anthotype Day was facilitated by a small team at AlternativePhotography.com and this book is a collection of the artists’ research, process and notes to learn and draw inspiration from. The collective research of almost 140 artists from 31 countries has been compiled in this book, covering emulsions made by: Annatto, Avocado, Bahraini almond, Balloon flower, Beach rose, Beetroot, Begonia, Bellflowers, Birch, Black elder, Black swallow wort, Blackcap raspberry, Bloodroot, Blueberry, Bougainvillea, Bracken, Brown-eyed Susan, Calendula, Chard, Chokeberries, Clematis, Cocoa, Cosmos, Costa Rican pitahaya, Crown lime, Dandelion, Fennel, Fern, Fireweed, Flame vine, Genipap, Geranium, Grape, Greater celandine, Hibiscus, Hollyhock, Hosta, Indian shot, Indigo, Iris, Jaboticaba, Jamaica flower, Juneberry, Kale, Lamb’s quarter, Lamb’s-ear, Lily of the valley, Lupine, Mallow, Mango, Mangosteen, Morning glory, Mulberry, Mustard, Nasturtium, Nettle, Oak, Onion, Paprika / Pepper, Peony, Peregrina, Persimmon, Plum shiso, Pokeweed, Poppy, Pumpkin, Red cabbage, Rocket, Rose, Saffron crocus, Saint George’s sword, Service berry, Silk floss tree, Sour cherry, Spinach, Squill, Strawberry, Sweet pea, Syngonium, Tayoba, Tea, Tomato, Tulip, Tulip tree, Turmeric, Walnut, Wine, Wineberry, Wonga-wonga vine and Yerba mate. Whether you are a beginner at the anthotype process or an experienced anthotypist, this book is invaluable and will save time in finding the next plant or pigment to use in your printing, or simply give you inspiration.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Using Global Collective Intelligence and Creativity to Solve Wicked Problems written by Fields, Ziska and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-11-27 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s world is continually facing complex and life-threatening issues that are too difficult or even impossible to solve. These challenges have been titled “wicked” problems due to their radical and multifarious nature. Recently, there has been a focus on global cooperation and gathering creative and diverse methods from around the world to solve these issues. Accumulating research and information on these collective intelligence methods is vital in comprehending current international issues and what possible solutions are being developed through the use of global collaboration. The Handbook of Research on Using Global Collective Intelligence and Creativity to Solve Wicked Problems is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the collaboration between global communities in developing creative solutions for radical worldwide issues. While highlighting topics such as collaboration technologies, neuro-leadership, and sustainable global solutions, this publication explores diverse collections of problem-solving methods and applying them on a global scale. This book is ideally designed for scholars, researchers, students, policymakers, strategists, economists, and educators seeking current research on problem-solving methods using collective intelligence and creativity.

Download or read book Psychology of Group and Collective Intelligence written by Yoshiko Arima and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates the findings of group research emphasizing “Madness of the Crowd” versus collective intelligence that highlights “Wisdom of the Crowd.” Thus it provides an overview of psychological research on group processes and collective intelligence, analyzing cognitive, social, and structural factors. Chapters address applications of this research to contexts such as organizations and online behavior, and offer guidelines and hands-on demonstrations of psychological principles. The book is highly relevant to students and instructors in personality and social psychology.

Download or read book Collective Study Tour Organised by the Health Committee of the League of Nations in the Baltic and North Sea Ports written by Health Organisation and published by Geneva : League of Nations. This book was released on 1928 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence VII written by Ngoc-Thanh Nguyen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These Transactions publish research in computer-based methods of computational collective intelligence (CCI) and their applications in a wide range of fields such as the Semantic Web, social networks and multiagent systems. TCCI strives to cover new methodological, theoretical and practical aspects of CCI understood as the form of intelligence that emerges from the collaboration and competition of many individuals (artificial and/or natural). The application of multiple computational intelligence technologies such as fuzzy systems, evolutionary computation, neural systems, consensus theory, etc., aims to support human and other collective intelligence and to create new forms of CCI in natural and/or artificial systems. This seventh issue contains a collection of ten carefully selected and thorougly revised contributions.

Download or read book Introduction to Collective Behavior and Collective Action written by David L. Miller and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Millers expanded third edition makes it the definitive source on collective behavior and collective action. Up-to-date and meticulously researched, this popular volume continues to provide a systematic overview of theory and research. Each topic is meaningfully linked to the appropriate theories of collective behavior (mass hysteria, emergent-norm, and value-added perspectives) and collective action (social-behavioral interactionist, resource mobilization, and value-added perspectives). Rumor, mass hysteria, fads and fashion, UFOs, sports, migrations, disasters, riots, protest, and social movements are among the topics presented in a unique side-by-side presentation of the two disciplines. In an engaging, accessible style, Miller offers detailed discussion of classic sociological studies interspersed with intriguing modern-day examples that students will enjoy reading. His thorough topical treatment effectively reduces the need for outside readings.

Download or read book Basic Income Experiments written by Roberto Merrill and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together insights and reflections following a set of interviews conducted with the main stakeholders involved in past, current, and future basic income experiments. It provides an analysis of some of the major elements and factors influencing experiments, as well of some of their most important outputs understood as results of their own experimental design, their sociological and political basis, and the epistemological status of their results. By pursuing a bottom-up strategy, where the interviews conducted take a pivotal role in the collection and analysis phase of the book, this book gathers key questions relating to policy experiments. Some questions reflected upon include the general idea of why one should engage and implement a basic income experiment, and the paradox consisting in the fact that most basic income experiments fall short of being closely considered “pure” basic income schemes. In facing the question and the paradox head-on, the book assesses questions of experimental design, the political and social context surrounding the policy, and the main results and what can they tell us about basic income.

Download or read book New Trends in Computational Collective Intelligence written by David Camacho and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-10 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of 20 chapters in which the authors deal with different theoretical and practical aspects of new trends in Collective Computational Intelligence techniques. Computational Collective Intelligence methods and algorithms are one the current trending research topics from areas related to Artificial Intelligence, Soft Computing or Data Mining among others. Computational Collective Intelligence is a rapidly growing field that is most often understood as an AI sub-field dealing with soft computing methods which enable making group decisions and processing knowledge among autonomous units acting in distributed environments. Web-based Systems, Social Networks, and Multi-Agent Systems very often need these tools for working out consistent knowledge states, resolving conflicts and making decisions. The chapters included in this volume cover a selection of topics and new trends in several domains related to Collective Computational Intelligence: Language and Knowledge Processing, Data Mining Methods and Applications, Computer Vision, and Intelligent Computational Methods. This book will be useful for graduate and PhD students in computer science as well as for mature academics, researchers and practitioners interested in the methods and applications of collective computational intelligence in order to create new intelligent systems.

Download or read book More Science Experiments You Can Eat written by Vicki Cobb and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 1984-10-24 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments with food demonstrate various scientific principles and produce eatable results. Includes beef jerky, cottage cheese, synthetic cola, and pudding.

Download or read book The Collective Wisdom of Practice written by Chen Schechter and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leverage Professional Wisdom with Asset-Based Professional Learning Many professional learning designs are built on the assumption that we learn best by studying our failures. However, learning from failure often evokes responses of denial, avoidance and the same defensive dynamics that contributed to the failure in the first place. Schechter’s resource, presents the Collective Learning-from-Success approach. This fresh, new, assets-based framework will shift educators’ minds from focusing in isolation on failure to continuously deliberating together, sharing past experiences and best practices, and solving problems related to teaching and learning. Whether you serve as a teacher, school or district leader, or a policy maker, your professional growth will benefit by reflecting on actionable knowledge through collective inquiry. This book offers educators an opportunity to come together in forming a productive alternative to the learning from failure paradigm. The Collective Wisdom of Practice provides a model for how to learn from successes by providing • An assets-based approach to designing and implementing professional learning • Strategies to focus on learning from educators’ past successes • Multinational case studies, sample learning materials, templates, and tools • A framework that can be applied to multiple levels, such as grade and subject areas, building level, system level, and policy level Grounded in more than 20 years of extensive research in the US and internationally, this approach will have a powerful influence on professional learning. Learn to nurture your wisdom of practice to meet the challenge of preparing students to be co-creators of society.

Download or read book Experiment Station Record written by United States. Office of Experiment Stations and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page 1406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: