Download or read book The Seventeenth Century Customs Service Surveyed written by William B. Stephens and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In January 1682, William Culliford, a loyal and experienced officer in the King's customs service, began an extraordinary journey under Treasury orders to investigate the integrity and efficiency of the customs establishments of southwest England and south Wales as part of a drive to maximize the Crown's income from customs duties (on which it relied for much of its revenue). Starting at Bristol, Culliford eventually completed this daunting task in Cornwall over two years later in the spring of 1684. His report on each of the ports he inspected (the primary source for this book) revealed widespread smuggling and fraud in the context of a customs service both lacking in efficiency and riddled with corruption. The book documents the varied frauds and wide-ranging abuses uncovered and their facilitation by customs officers only too ready to collude with smugglers, dishonest merchants and seamen and to accept bribes to ignore tax evasion. It describes, too, Culliford's assessment of the administrative practices of each port inspected and his judgment on the levels of probity and efficiency of individual officers, detailing his recommendations for procedural improvements and the treatment of the corrupt and incompetent and, incidentally, of those suspected of political and religious dissent. Additionally, the book presents a body of statistical data on the customs revenue actually collected at individual ports in the 1670s and 1680s and surveys the extent and nature of the maritime trade of the ports Culliford examined. It thus not only throws light on the history of the customs service, but provides a rare insight into the interactions of economic, social and political issues in the later seventeenth century, and makes a valuable contribution to the particular histories of the ports and maritime districts visited by this energetic and tenacious investigator.
Download or read book The Wisdom of Exeter written by E.J. Christie and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary volume collects original essays in literary criticism and literary theory, philology, codicology, metrics, and art history. Composed by prominent scholars in Anglo-Saxon studies, these essays honor the depth and breadth of Patrick W. Conner’s influence in our discipline. As a scholar, teacher, editor, administrator and innovator, Pat has contributed to Anglo-Saxon studies for four decades. It is hard to say which of his legacies is most profound.
Download or read book The Growth of English Overseas Trade in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries written by W. E. Minchinton and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-04-01 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1969, this book discusses the growth of foreign trade between 1600 and 1775 which brought about a commercial revolution in England. English merchants developed the exchange of manufactured goods for primary products such as tobacco, sugar, cotton and silk. A notable feature of these years was the American orientation of English overseas trade. This expansion of commerce made a decisive contribution to national economic growth. Its implications for the economy as a whole and the process of industrialization are reviewed at length in the substantial introduction.
Download or read book History of the Town of Exeter New Hampshire written by Charles Henry Bell and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book English Merchants in Seventeenth Century Italy written by Gigliola Pagano De Divitiis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how England's conquest of Mediterranean trade proved to be the first step in building its future economic and commercial hegemony, and how Italy lay at the heart of that process. In the seventeenth century the Mediterranean was the largest market for the colonial products which were exported by English merchants, as well as being a source of raw materials which were indispensable for the growing and increasingly aggressive domestic textile industry. The new free port of Livorno became the linchpin of English trade with the Mediterranean and, together with ports in southern Italy, formed part of a system which enabled the English merchant fleet to take control of the region's trade from the Italians. In her extensive use of English and Italian archival sources, the author looks well beyond Braudel's influential picture of a Spanish-dominated Mediterranean world. In doing so she demonstrates some of the causes of Italy's decline and its subsequent relegation as a dominant force in world trade.
Download or read book The Business Community of Seventeenth Century England written by Richard Grassby and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-11-07 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive study of the business community in a pre-industrial economy.
Download or read book Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science Literature and Art written by Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: List of members in each volume.
Download or read book Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science Literature and Art written by Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: List of members in each volume.
Download or read book The British Atlantic Empire Before the American Revolution written by Glyndwr Williams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-07-08 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1980. The dynamism within the American colonies in the fifty years or so before the outbreak of the crisis of the 1760s that was to lead to the Revolution has never been in doubt. The articles written included in this text suggest a number of ways in which the ‘imperial factor’ was of real importance in colonial life and show that there was dynamism on the British side as well as in the colonies.
Download or read book Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects written by Royal Institute of British Architects and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seventeenth Century England written by George Berry and published by B. T. Batsford Limited. This book was released on 1988 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reform and Its Complexities in Modern Britain written by Bruce Kinzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume, taken together, span the era of British history from 1780 to the present that has engrossed the attention of Brian Harrison in a career of more than fifty years. In keeping with his diverse interests, they vary widely in subject matter. Yet each contributes, in some fashion, to an appreciation of the complexities of reform in modern Britain. Throughout his career Harrison has demonstrated an unwavering interest in social movements and pressure groups. He has analysed the organisation of reform movements and their bases of support; explored the aspirations and beliefs motivating individuals to start or join such movements; and examined the ideas and ideals shaping their conception of human improvement. No one has done more to show that the significance of a reform movement's triumphs and disappointments can be grasped only in relation to the forces amassed to resist its claims. The essays gathered here, on the Harrisonian theme of reform and its complexities, form an acknowledgment of the massive mark their honouree has made on the study of modern British history. They are preceded by a Foreword composed by Keith Thomas and an editorial Introduction tracing the course of Harrison's scholarship and connecting that scholarship to the substance of the essays. The volume encompasses both wide-ranging analytical investigations and telling case studies. All have new things to say on the subject of reform and its complexities in modern Britain.
Download or read book Household Medicine in Seventeenth Century England written by Anne Stobart and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did 17th-century families in England perceive their health care needs? What household resources were available for medical self-help? To what extent did households make up remedies based on medicinal recipes? Drawing on previously unpublished household papers ranging from recipes to accounts and letters, this original account shows how health and illness were managed on a day-to-day basis in a variety of 17th-century households. It reveals the extent of self-help used by families, explores their favourite remedies and analyses differences in approaches to medical matters. Anne Stobart illuminates cultures of health care amongst women and men, showing how 'kitchin physick' related to the business of medicine, which became increasingly commercial and professional in the 18th century.
Download or read book Sources for English Local History written by W. B. Stephens and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1973 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on the Family and Historical Change written by David Levine and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years a growing number of scholars have used the family as a prism through which to view historical change. The ways in which people cope with their world have always been reflected in familial decisions. Thus, a focus on the family has allowed historians the clearest view of the dynamic relationship between the people of the past and the evolution of society and the economy. These five essays combine the economics and values of the family, two elements whose separation has been an impediment to our best understanding of its history. The ways in which people cope with their circumstances have always been reflected in familial decisions. These five essays combine the economics and values of the family.
Download or read book English Enterprise in Newfoundland 1577 1660 written by Gillian T. Cell and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1969-12-15 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1577 and 1660 Newfoundland emerged from relative obscurity to become the centre of a booming and valued industry, the site of one of England's first colonies, and a place of such strategic importance that the English government could not afford to ignore it. From the time of its discovery in the late fifteenth century, the fishermen of Western Europe made annual fishing voyages to Newfoundland. Over a hundred years later, in 1610, the island became the site of England's second permanent colony in North America. The conflict which began at that time between settlers and fishermen has characterized much of the island's history. This volume examines the two themes of settlement and the fishery. The value of the fishery has been accepted readily enough, but until now no systematic analysis has been made of the industry's growth during its first great period of expansion in the last quarter of the sixteenth century or of its position in the commerce of the ports of western England. Such an analysis is presented in this volume. The author has used customs' records and local port records, summarizing her finds in tables and graphs. While the figures are incomplete and the conclusions drawn from them necessarily tentative, this book is nevertheless an important step in charting the development of England's first transatlantic trade. The earliest attempts to colonize the unsympathetic island of Newfoundland are the least known part of the story of English settlement in North America. Now, thanks to the use of new documentation, in particular a substantial collection of papers relating to the Newfoundland Company, it can be argued that both the company's colony at Cupid Cove and the independent settlements which were its offshoots were far more serious and long-lived enterprises than has often been though. They formed a vital part of the colonial experiences and experiments of the seventeenth century. The story of English activity in Newfoundland sheds further light on the expansion of England. Both the fishing voyages and the first settlements were originally private ventures. But as the European rivalries in the New World continued and as mercantilist theories made colonies increasingly valuable assets, so Newfoundland's importance as a training ground for sailors and as a strategic element in the control of the north Atlantic became more obvious. By the mid-seventeenth century Newfoundland had ceased to be simply a private concern. Somewhat slowly, somewhat reluctantly, the government moved in.
Download or read book Pedlars and the Popular Press written by Jeroen Salman and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Itinerant salesmen, also called pedlars, street hawkers, hucksters and ballad singers are considered to be the most important distributors of popular printed matter in Europe between 1600 and 1850. A general assumption is that the pedlar travelling from town to countryside was strongly distinct from the role of the established booksellers in the towns, selling books to the educated and affluent buyer. The commercial position of the urban pedlars, however, is very often underestimated. In this book, therefore, the itinerant book trade is studied in an English and Dutch, urban context, leading to a new perspective on the role of the pedlars as an intermediary between the established booksellers and an extensive, socially diverse reading public.
