Download or read book Social Exchange written by Kenneth Gergen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTION In developing scientific theory there is perhaps nothing more propi tious than a compelling metaphor. If the metaphor is rich in imagery, complexly differentiated, emotionally evocative, and vitally wedded to the cultural lore, the theory to which it gives rise may enjoy a long and vigorous life. If the metaphor is sufficiently powerful, the theory may even be sustained in independence of systematic empirical support. Role theory is likely to remain prosperous so long as there is a thriving theater; decision theory experienced a dramatic rejuvenation with the development of the electronic computer; and, in spite of its archaic construction, Jungian theory will prevail so long as ancient myths and symbols continue to haunt us (d. Smith, 1978). From this standpoint, the development of social exchange theory is hardly surprising. Ex perience with the marketplace is extensive in society, its images are both complex and richly evocative, its challenges are often exciting and its lessons sometimes painful. It is thus both intellectually and emo tionally invigorating to consider the social arena in all its diversity as an extended market in which each individual seeks to maximize profits. The economic metaphor is hardly new to the social sciences. The recent intellectual roots of contemporary exchange theory can be traced to the works of Claude Levi-Strauss, Marcel Mauss, Karl Marx, and B.
Download or read book Social Structures written by John Levi Martin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-16 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Structures is a book that examines how structural forms spontaneously arise from social relationships. Offering major insights into the building blocks of social life, it identifies which locally emergent structures have the capacity to grow into larger ones and shows how structural tendencies associated with smaller structures shape and constrain patterns of larger structures. The book then investigates the role such structures have played in the emergence of the modern nation-state. Bringing together the latest findings in sociology, anthropology, political science, and history, John Levi Martin traces how sets of interpersonal relationships become ordered in different ways to form structures. He looks at a range of social structures, from smaller ones like families and street gangs to larger ones such as communes and, ultimately, nation-states. He finds that the relationships best suited to forming larger structures are those that thrive in conditions of inequality; that are incomplete and as sparse as possible, and thereby avoid the problem of completion in which interacting members are required to establish too many relationships; and that abhor transitivity rather than assuming it. Social Structures argues that these "patronage" relationships, which often serve as means of loose coordination in the absence of strong states, are nevertheless the scaffolding of the social structures most distinctive to the modern state, namely the command army and the political party.
Download or read book Structure and Process in a Melanesian Society written by A.H. Carrier and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1991. In the 1980s many anthropologists rejected the classic concern with the structure and logic of social organisation and embraced instead a concern with process, with the fluidity of events and individual strategy. Through its analysis of a Melanesian society and the ways it has changed in the twentieth century this book addresses the relationship between the classic structural approach and the more recent processual one. The society analysed is Ponam, located on a small island in Papua New Guinea. The book describes Ponam kinship and ceremonial exchange, and so compliments the authors’' analysis of Onam economic organisation in 'Wage, Tarde and Exchange in Melanesia'. Like its companion volume, this book locates Ponanm in its broader social, political and economic environment.
Download or read book Structures of Social Life written by Alan page Fiske and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1993-10-04 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alan Page Fiske shares insight on the basic models of social relations in this “important book that will be of value to all psychologists with an interest in organization, culture, economic behavior, and decision making” (Richard E. Nisbett, University of Michigan). Structures of Social Life examines the relational models of social relationships, including how they are implicit in earlier social theories, how they have emerged into diverse domains of social action and though, and how they produce diverse and complex social forms. Aiming to create conversations and debate about social relationships and the models that structure them, Alan Page Fiske provides insight on the four elementary forms of human relations.
Download or read book The Traditional Pottery of Papua New Guinea written by Patricia May and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the most comprehensive and authoritative survey of the traditional pottery of Papua New Guinea ever produced. The authors have made a thorough analysis of pottery-making throughout Papua New Guinea based on eight years of field work. They proffer a first-hand account of clay preparation, pottery formation, and firing techniques, interwoven with information on the functions of pottery and the various approaches to decoration.
Download or read book Public Life in Renaissance Florence written by Richard C. Trexler and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public life - Humanism - Civic humanism - Friendship - Ritual - Alberti - Women in Florence - Family - Everyday life in Florence.
Download or read book Morality and Imagination written by Yi-fu Tuan and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can the individual and society be both moral and imaginative? In Western society the moral person tends to be regarded as either simple and naive or narrow and bigoted. In contrast, the imaginative person is looked on as someone not bound by the customs of the group and therefore likely to be fanciful and out of touch with reality.
Download or read book The Scope of Anthropology written by Laurent Dousset and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the most prominent social and cultural anthropologists have come together in this volume to discuss Maurice Godelier's work. They explore and revisit some of the highly complex practices and structures social scientists encounter in their fieldwork. From the nature-culture debate to the fabrication of hereditary political systems, from transforming gender relations to the problems of the Christianization of indigenous peoples, these chapters demonstrate both the diversity of anthropological topics and the opportunity for constructive dialogue around shared methodological and theoretical models.
Download or read book Androgynous Objects written by Maureen A. MacKenzie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Androgynous Objects explores the way meaning is encoded in material culture by focusing on the androgynous symbolism of the looped string bag, or bilum, of the Telefol people of Central New Guinea. The web of meanings 'woven' into the bag is shown to extend beyond women's lives and bodies. It is open to manipulation and reformation in a variety of contexts and is used by both Telefol women and men to explore, and so explain the complexities and ambiguities inherent in their social life.
Download or read book Androgynous Objects written by Maureen Anne MacKenzie and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1991 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the way meaning is encoded in material culture by focusing on the androgynous symbolism of the looped string bag, or bilum, of the Telefol people of Central New Guinea. The web of meanings 'woven' into the bag is shown to extend beyond women's lives and bodies. It is open to manipulation and reformation in a variety of contexts and is used by both Telefol women and men to explore, and so explain the complexities and ambiguities inherent in their social life.
Download or read book Culture Change and Ex Change written by Regina Knapp and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2017-10-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is cultural change perceived and performed by members of the Bena Bena language group, who live in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea? In her analysis, Knapp draws upon existing bodies of work on ‘culture change’, ‘exchange’ and ‘person’ in Melanesia but brings them together in a new way by conjoining traditional models with theoretical approaches of the new Melanesian ethnography and with collaborative, reflexive and reverse anthropology.
Download or read book The View from Afar written by Claude Lévi-Strauss and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-12 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection touches on a wide range of anthropological issues, including family and marriage, myths, and rites, the environment and its representation, and constraint and freedom. The essays encompass more than forty years of analysis and constrain arguments that are as relevant today as they were thirty years ago. "Hardly a field remains untouched—sociobiology, linguistics, botany, genetics, psychiatry, esthetics, ecology, politics, neuroscience, education, morality, psychology. . . . It's all breathtaking and alarming, some of it wonderful, some of it ridiculous. . . . At times the experience is exhilarating."—Richard A. Shweder, New York Times Book Review
Download or read book Violence in Pacific Islander Traditional Religions written by Garry Trompf and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Element on the role of violence in the traditional religions of the Pacific Ilands (Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia) and on violent activity in islander religious life after the opening of Oceania to the modern world. This work covers such issues as tribal warfare, sorcery and witchcraft, traditional punishment and gender imbalance. and moves on to consider reprisals against foreign intruders in the Pacific and the continuation of old types of violence in spite of massive socio-religious change.
Download or read book Cultural Dynamics of Religious Change in Oceania written by T. Otto and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-07-04 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed from papers presented at the first European Colloquium on Pacific Studies this volume addresses the dynamics of contemporary Oceanic religions. In particular, the contributors investigate how indigenous populations have come to terms with the enormous impact of colonization and missionization while maintaining a distinct cultural and religious identity.
Download or read book Islanderers of the South written by Paul van der Grijp and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Islanders of the South is an ethnography of the kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific. This is the first book to examine the interplay of Polynesian and Western ideas within contemporary social and economic practices, not from the point of view of Tongan aristocracy, but from that of the common people. The first describes contemporary Tongan society and the main means of subsistence: agriculture, fishing, and manufacturing. An analysis of the kinship system, with its economic, political, and ideological dimensions, is intertwined with a discussion of Tongan attitudes on life and death, marriage and divorce, social rights and obligations, migration and remittances. Later chapters deal with the crucial questions of land ownership and the circulation of gifts. A large number of genealogies, biographies, and case studies help convey how Tongans live together and how they experience their relationship to nature. Effects on Tonga of global developments—predominantly capitalist in nature—are expressed in the commercialization of the means of subsistence, bringing about changes often regarded as progress. The author raises doubts about this ideology of progress by referring to aspects of nature and culture in Tonga which are disappearing. Up to now Tongans have largely been able to preserve the circulation of gifts and economic self-sufficiency.
Download or read book Magicians of Manumanua written by Michael W. Young and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1983.
Download or read book The Anthropology of Morality in Melanesia and Beyond written by John Barker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Anthropology of Morality in Melanesia and Beyond examines how Melanesians experience and deal with moral dilemmas and challenges. Taking Kenelm Burridge’s seminal work as their starting point, the contributors focus upon public situations and types of people that exemplify key ethical contradictions for members of moral communities. While returning to some classical concerns, such as the roles of big men and sorcerers, the book opens new territory with richly textured ethnographic studies and theoretical reviews that explore the interface between the values associated with indigenous village life and the ethical orientations associated with Christianity, the state, the marketplace, and other facets of ’modernity'. A major contribution to the emerging field of the anthropology of morality, the volume includes some of the most prominent scholars working in the discipline today, including Bruce Knauft, Joel Robbins, F.G. Bailey, Deborah Gewertz and Frederick Errington.
