Download or read book Examining Trajectories of Maternal Depressive Symptoms in Relation to Infant Affect Expression written by Katherine Guyon-Harris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has shown that maternal depression can have serious physical health effects on the developing fetus as well as later cognitive, behavioral, and affective problems in children. One area of clinical significance is the effect of maternal depression across time, including the differential effects of depression on early child development during the transition to motherhood. The present study explored trajectories of maternal depression from pregnancy through 2 years postpartum and their relation to infant affect expression. Data for the study were collected as part of a larger 5-panel longitudinal study on women's transition to motherhood. The present study will us data from the third trimester of pregnancy (T1) and 3 months (T2), 1 year (T3), and 2 years (T4) postpartum. The sample is composed of 120 primarily low-income women and is diverse in terms of ethnicity (62% minority), marital status (64% single), and maternal age (18 - 42 years, M = 26, SD = 5.7). Maternal depression was measured at T1 and T2 using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (Cox et al., 1987; Wisner et al., 2002) and at T3 and T4 using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996). Infant affect expression was assessed at T3 and T4 using coded observations from videotaped mother-infant free-play interactions. It was hypothesized that different subsamples or trajectories of maternal depression would emerge, having differential effects on infant affect expression at each time point. Results indicated that a 4-class model best fit the data, including stable-low, stable-high, increasing, and decreasing trajectories. These trajectories of depressive symptoms were not found to have differential associations with infant affect expression at age 1 or age 2. Results from this study further inform clinicians about possible patterns of maternal depression and aid in the planning of interventions directed at preventing or reducing cases of maternal depression and problematic child affect development.

Download or read book Examining the Reciprocal Longitudinal Relations Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Infant Positive Emotionality in the First Year Postpartum written by Kate B. Oddi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study examined the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and infant positive emotionality (PE) in the first year postpartum. It was anticipated that a reciprocal relationship between the variables would be identified. One hundred thirty-five mothers and their infants (62 males, 73 females) were recruited to participate in a larger study examining the development of temperament and emotion regulation in the first three years of life. Mothers provided demographic information and participated in a structured clinical interview when their infants were four months old. When infants reached 6, 8, and 10 months of age, mothers completed questionnaires which assessed maternal depressive symptoms and infant PE. Infants participated in a structured game of Peek-a-Boo with their mothers during laboratory visits and these interactions were later coded for several indicators of infant PE. Trained research assistants also observed infants during laboratory visits and then rated their degree of happiness. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test the study's key hypothesis. Surprisingly, results did not support a reciprocal relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and infant PE in the first year of life. However, results did suggest that mothers who had experienced clinical levels of depression within their lifetime rated their eight-month-old infants as less positive on the Infant Behavior Questionnaire--Revised than other mothers. Mothers with a history of clinical depression also tended to have infants who displayed more positivity during the Peek-a-Boo game when they were 6 and 8 months old as compared to other infants. Examination of autoregressive effects indicated consistency with regard to the severity of maternal depressive symptoms between the time infants were 6 and 10 months old. The pattern of autoregressive effects for infant PE depended on the method used to assess the construct, but overall results suggest that infant PE develops considerably in the first 8 months of life. In addition to results concerning autoregressive and cross-lagged effects, analyses revealed important similarities and differences between methods of assessing maternal depression and infant positive emotionality in the first year of life. Implications of the present study's findings for future research and practice are discussed.

Download or read book Examining Parenting Pathways Linking Maternal Depressive Symptoms to Children s Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems written by Pamela Linton Norcross and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The present study utilized a multi-method approach for examining psychopathology trajectories for infants. The extent to which maternal depressive symptoms over the first year of life is linked with internalizing and externalizing behaviors in childhood through insensitive maternal behaviors (unresponsive and overtly negative parenting behaviors) was examined. In addition, the expanse to which these paths were moderated by infant temperament (high negative emotionality) was also examined. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed prenatally and when infants were 6 months old. Maternal parenting behaviors (unresponsive and overtly negative behaviors) were observed at 6 months of age, and infant temperament (negative emotionality) was measured through observation and mother report when infants were 6 months old. Mothers reported on infant's behavior problems (internalizing and externalizing behaviors) when infants were 2 years old. A direct path was significant between maternal depressive symptoms and internalizing behaviors, but was not explained by maternal parenting behaviors. A direct link from infant temperament and both insensitive maternal behaviors were found to be significant, but no indirect effects were found in the path model. Results suggest that maternal depressive symptoms while parenting leave infants at risk for later psychopathology."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Causes of Conduct Disorder and Juvenile Delinquency written by Benjamin B. Lahey and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great deal has been learned about serious child and adolescent conduct problems, but their causes are still not well understood. This book brings together an international group of leading authorities to advance specific, testable hypotheses about the causes of conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency. Four general causal models are delineated: the social learning model, the developmental pathways model, an integrative antisocial propensity model, and an integrative ecological/developmental model. Also provided are models focusing on specific aspects of the origins of conduct problems, including contextual, psychological, and biological influences. The authors present significant, original theoretical work and map out the kinds of further studies needed to confirm or disconfirm their new or revised hypotheses.

Download or read book Becoming Who We Are written by Mary K. Rothbart and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2012-09-12 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This definitive work comprehensively examines the role of temperament in the development of personality and psychopathology. Preeminent researcher Mary Rothbart synthesizes current knowledge on temperament's basic dimensions; its interactions with biology, the social environment, and developmental processes; and influences on personality, behavior, and social adjustment across the lifespan. In a direct and readable style, Rothbart combines theory and research with everyday observations and clinical examples. She offers new insights on "difficult" children and reviews intervention programs that address temperamental factors in childhood problems. This book will be invaluable to developmental psychologists; personality/social psychologists; child clinical psychologists and other mental health practitioners. It will also serve as a text in graduate-level courses

Download or read book Depression in Parents Parenting and Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7.5 million parents in the U.S. each year and may be putting at least 15 million children at risk for adverse health outcomes. Based on evidentiary studies, major depression in either parent can interfere with parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing mental, behavioral and social problems. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children highlights disparities in the prevalence, identification, treatment, and prevention of parental depression among different sociodemographic populations. It also outlines strategies for effective intervention and identifies the need for a more interdisciplinary approach that takes biological, psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and social contexts into consideration. A major challenge to the effective management of parental depression is developing a treatment and prevention strategy that can be introduced within a two-generation framework, conducive for parents and their children. Thus far, both the federal and state response to the problem has been fragmented, poorly funded, and lacking proper oversight. This study examines options for widespread implementation of best practices as well as strategies that can be effective in diverse service settings for diverse populations of children and their families. The delivery of adequate screening and successful detection and treatment of a depressive illness and prevention of its effects on parenting and the health of children is a formidable challenge to modern health care systems. This study offers seven solid recommendations designed to increase awareness about and remove barriers to care for both the depressed adult and prevention of effects in the child. The report will be of particular interest to federal health officers, mental and behavioral health providers in diverse parts of health care delivery systems, health policy staff, state legislators, and the general public.

Download or read book Handbook of Infant Mental Health written by Charles H. Zeanah, Jr. and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2012-03-01 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widely regarded as the standard reference in the field, this state-of-the-art handbook offers a comprehensive analysis of developmental, clinical, and social aspects of mental health from birth to the preschool years. Leading authorities explore models of development; biological, family, and sociocultural risk and protective factors; and frequently encountered disorders and disabilities. Evidence-based approaches to assessment and treatment are presented, with an emphasis on ways to support strong parent–child relationships. The volume reviews the well-documented benefits of early intervention and prevention and describes applications in mental health, primary care, childcare, and child welfare settings. The chapter on psychopharmacology has been updated for the paperback edition.

Download or read book TRAJECTORIES OF MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND THE IMPACT ON CHILD COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT written by Samantha J. Rushworth and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is recognized as a disabling and impairing condition, impacting mood, cognitions, and daily functioning (APA, 2013; WHO, 2017). Women are more likely to develop depression than men (Gutierrez-Lobos et al., 2002; Noble, 2005). The perinatal period is a sensitive time when mothers are vulnerable to developing depression (Noble, 2005; Schiller et al., 2015). Further, postpartum depression is a risk factor for negative outcomes for both mother and child (Goodman & Gotlib, 1999), including child cognitive development (Grace et al., 2003). The onset and course of depression involves a variety of biopsychosocial components that are often accounted for in research on maternal depression (Billings & Moos, 1993; Cummings & Davies, 1994; Nobel, 2005). Examining the severity, chronicity, and time of onset of maternal depression reveals specific patterns or trajectories for the mother's experience; these trajectories can provide better understanding of maternal depression and its impact on child development (Brennan et al., 2000). Maternal depression is prevalent yet under-studied and under-identified in low-middle income countries (LMICs), with most research of postpartum depression centering Western and English-speaking families (Gelaye et al.,2016; Halbreich &Karkun, 2006). To better understand and treat maternal depression across cultures, research is needed in diverse locations with culturally sensitive methods. The purpose of the present study is to identify trajectories of maternal depression in diverse, international locations including LMICs. The MAL-ED Study involves eight study sites (Dhaka, Bangladesh (BGD); Fortaleza, Brazil (BRF); Vellore, India; (INV), Bhaktapur, Nepal (NEB); Loreto, Peru (PEL); Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan (PKN); Venda, South Africa (Dzimauli Community, SAV); and Haydom, Tanzania (TZH)) and incorporates several health-related factors pertaining to mothers and children (Murray-Kolb et al., 2014). The present study included five of the eight international sites. Maternal depression, as measured by the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ; Beusenberg & Orley, 1994), was assessed across the first two years postpartum, allowing for longitudinal analysis of trajectory using latent class growth analysis (LCGA). Maternal depression trajectories differed across the five sites, but demonstrated a general pattern of high, moderate, and low symptoms for the total sample. Path models were used to determine if there was a relationship between maternal depression trajectories and child cognitive development as measured by the Bayley Scales for Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (BSID-III, Bayley, 2009) for the total sample. To address the influence of contextual factors, the Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment (HOME; Caldwell & Bradley, 1984, 2003) was incorporated in analysis as a mediator. However, the mediation analysis was not statistically significant and maternal depression trajectory was not a strong predictor of child cognitive development with the total sample. The results indicated that better home environment predicted improved cognitive scores, regardless of maternal depression trajectories. The present study provided evidence that maternal depression trajectories varied based on cultural group. Although maternal depression trajectories did not predict child cognitive development with the total sample, future research can explore trajectories in each location and relationships with other variables. Additionally, further investigation of how the home environment impacts child cognitive development in the five different locations can be informative for providing services to children and their families.

Download or read book Population Neuroscience written by Tomas Paus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-23 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is Newton’s brain different from Rembrandt’s? Does a mother’s diet during pregnancy impact brain growth? Do adolescent peers leave a signature in the social brain? Does the way we live in our middle years affect how our brains age? To answer these and many other questions, we can now turn to population neuroscience. Population neuroscience endeavors to identify environmental and genetic factors that shape the function and structure of the human brain; it uses the tools and knowledge of genetics (and the “omics” sciences), epidemiology and neuroscience. This text attempts to provide a bridge spanning these three disciplines so that their practitioners can communicate easily with each other when working together on large-scale imaging studies of the developing, mature and aging brain. By understanding the processes driving variations in brain function and structure across individuals, we will also be able to predict an individual’s risk of (or resilience against) developing a brain disorder. In the long term, the hope is that population neuroscience will lay the foundation for personalized preventive medicine and, in turn, reduce the burden associated with complex, chronic disorders of brain and body.

Download or read book Does Maternal Psychopathology Affect Child Clinical Assessment written by Terry Chih-Hsiang Chi and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study examined the specific predictions of the Depression->Distortion theory with 579 children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their parents, who were participants in a randomized clinical trial for children with ADHD. The study focused on the role of general maternal psychopathology and clinical depression in mothers' biased and exaggerated reporting of child behavior problem. A secondary aim examined if any maternal biases mediated the relationship between maternal depression and negative parent-child relationships. Baseline data on demographics, child and maternal psychopathology, maternal stress, childrearing practices, and laboratory observations of parent-child interactions were collected and analyzed. Results showed that: (1) Both general maternal psychopathology and depression were associated with elevated maternal ratings of child behavior problems that were not corroborated by other informants. (2) Most of these effects held after accounting for child demographic variables and observations of child behavior problems. (3) Maternal depression was a unique predictor of maternal biases in ratings of child internalizing problems after accounting for child demographics, child behavior problems, maternal anxiety, maternal stress, and general maternal psychopathology. (4) Maternal depressive biases did not mediate the relationship between maternal depression and parent-child relationships. Discussion focused on the study's implications for clinical assessment of children, the role of maternal stress, conceptualization of clinical depression, and development trajectory of children with a depressed parent.

Download or read book Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Children s Behavior Problems written by Sofia Baeva and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mothers suffering from depression are likely to engage in poor parenting practices, have children with poorer peer relations and more behavior problems. It is likely that maternal depression follows different trajectories in different mothers. These trajectories may lead to differing child outcomes over time. The current study examined a large sample of mothers and children. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to demonstrate a four-class depressive symptom model, which included high stable, high decreasing, moderate increasing, and low stable trajectories of depressive symptoms measured using the CES-D instrument. Demographic risk was found to differ across classes, with high stable and high decreasing mothers being classified as more at-risk. Mothers in the high stable depression class were found to be less sensitive, and had children with worse outcomes including negative behaviors with peers, social support from peers, and behavior problems. High decreasing mothers were also less sensitive and had children with equally poor outcomes, even though the mothers recovered from their depressive symptoms by the time their children were 54 months of age. In conclusion, early clinical depressive symptoms were likely to predict poorer child outcomes, and more demographic risk was linked to high early depression scores.

Download or read book Identifying Perinatal Depression and Anxiety written by Jeannette Milgrom and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying Perinatal Depression and Anxiety brings together the very latest research and clinical practice on this topic from around the world in one valuable resource. Examines current screening and management models, particularly those in Australia, England and Wales, Scotland, and the United States Discusses the evidence, accuracy, and limitations of screening methods in the context of challenges, policy issues, and questions that require further research Up to date practical guidance of how to screen, assess, diagnose and manage is provided. Considers the importance of screening processes that involve infants and fathers, additional training for health professionals, pathways to care following screening, and the economics of screening Offers forward-thinking synthesis and analysis of the current state of the field by leading international experts, with the goal of sketching out areas in need of future research

Download or read book Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Behavior Among Latina Adolescent Mothers and Their Toddlers written by Erin Nicole Smith and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literature and research with adult mothers indicate a transactional relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior. Evidence also indicates that gender may moderate this relation, such that males may be more vulnerable to their mothers' depression early in life and may display higher levels of externalizing behavior than females. However, little research to date has investigated these relations in samples of adolescent mothers, specifically Latina adolescent mothers, and none, to the author's knowledge, have investigated the transactional nature of the relation. Latina adolescent mothers are important to study as they have the highest birthrate in the U. S. compared to other ethnic groups. Adolescent mothers also face negative risk factors that influence their own psychological adjustment; and their children already face high risk for negative outcomes. One potential protective factor for children of adolescent mothers is mothers' romantic partners whose involvement in child care has been shown to buffer children against the negative effects of maternal depressive symptoms and other maternal risk factors. Investigating these relations is imperative to inform intervention and prevention efforts for Latina adolescent mothers and their children. Using a sample of primarily Puerto Rican adolescent mothers and their toddlers for which data were collected at two time points, 6 months apart; the current study used a path analysis framework to test hypothesized models. First, the longitudinal, transactional relations between maternal depressive symptoms and two child behavior variables - internalizing and externalizing problems - were examined. Second, the current study examined the direct and moderating effects of gender in order to better understand the nature of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child behavior in our sample. Lastly, the potential protective effect of partner child care involvement was investigated to test whether it positively impacts children in the face of maternal depressive symptoms. Results were consistent with theory and research in that maternal depressive symptoms uniquely predicted changes in both child internalizing and externalizing behavior scores over 6 months when controlling for concurrent relations between the variables. Additionally, maternal depressive symptoms, child internalizing, and child externalizing each showed temporal stability in the current sample. However, transactional models were not significant as neither child internalizing nor child externalizing significantly predicted changes in maternal depressive symptoms over time. Neither child gender nor partner child care involvement moderated the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child internalizing or externalizing behavior problems. In contrast to previous research and normative data, gender differences were found for child externalizing behavior problems such that males had significantly higher mean scores than females at Time 2. Results are discussed considering limitations, implications for prevention and treatment programs, and future research directions.

Download or read book Postpartum Depression and Child Development written by Lynne Murray and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1999-07-01 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in ten women suffers from an episode of significant depression following the birth of a baby. These depressions can have a profoundly negative effect on the quality of the mother infant relationship and, in turn, on the course of child development itself. The first book in a decade to deal exclusively with the impact of postpartum depression on child development, this groundbreaking volume brings together rigorous and sophisticated research from eighteen of the leading authorities in the field.

Download or read book The Amazing Infant written by Tiffany Field and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2007-01-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tiffany Field, world renowned infant development scholar, writes an engaging and comprehensive book that collects and reviews the latest findings in the field, exploring cutting edge research and contemporary theories about infant development. An engaging and accessible book that integrates research, theory, and real life experiences and practices to provide a closer look at how infancy research is conducted. Features illustrative photos and data graphs covering research from recent years. Draws on recent advances in neuroscience to examine the progress made in the areas of prenatal and cognitive development.

Download or read book The Relation Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Parent Teacher Reporting Discrepancy written by Sarah Boland and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discrepancy among informant reporting can have significant implications on intervention and diagnostic/clinical decisions. The nature in which parental behaviors and family dynamics may impact the relation between maternal depression and informant discrepancies in reporting child behavior and temperament has not yet been investigated. Using an archival dataset, participants included 50 female caregivers who had children (ages 3 to 6 years) attending a Head Start preschool and 51 female caregivers who had children in the same age range attending a non-Head Start preschool. Both mothers and teachers completed measures assessing the variables of interest. First, it was expected that the Head Start group would have higher levels of maternal depression, home chaos, negative parenting behaviors, child internalizing symptoms, child externalizing symptoms, and negative affectivity as well as lower positive parenting behaviors, surgency, and effortful control based on both parent and teacher report. Additionally, it was expected that maternal depressive symptoms would positively relate to parent-teacher discrepancy on internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and negative affectivity, whereas it would negatively relate to parent-teacher discrepancy on surgency and effortful control. It was expected that positive parenting behaviors would attenuate the relation between depressive symptoms and discrepancy, whereas home chaos and negative parenting behaviors would exacerbate that relation. To address the existing literature's mixed findings on the role of SES in over-reporting biases, the present study examined type of preschool (Head Start vs. non-Head Start) as a moderator of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and discrepancy. Results yielded several significant correlations among variables of interest. Maternal depressive symptoms significantly predicted only internalizing discrepancy, which additionally held when accounting individually for home chaos, negative parenting, positive parenting, and preschool type. Depressive symptoms also marginally related to externalizing discrepancy at the zero-order level. Positive parenting positively correlated with externalizing discrepancy and effortful control discrepancy. Among explored moderators of the relation between depressive symptoms and discrepancy, only the interaction between preschool type and depressive symptoms marginally predicted effortful control discrepancy. Though the selected variables neither attenuated nor strengthened the relation between depressive symptoms and parent-teacher discrepancy, the current findings warrant several areas for future directions.

Download or read book Maternal Depression and Child Behavior Problems Among Children with Or Without Intellectual Disability written by Sasha Marie Zeedyk and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few studies exist tracing maternal depressive symptoms longitudinally. This study identifies trajectories of depressive symptoms among mothers of children with or without intellectual disability (ID), including correlates of maternal depressive symptoms longitudinally and the transactional/bi-directional relationship between child behavior problems and maternal depressive symptoms across eight time points (child ages 3-9 and 13). Results of fitting a linear growth model to the data from child ages 3-9 indicated that child behavior problems, low income, high financial stress attributable to the child, and low dispositional optimism were all significant predictors of initial maternal depressive symptoms. Child behavior problems were a significant predictor of the changes in depressive symptoms over time, predicting above and beyond the child's disability status. When looking from late childhood into early adolescence, hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed maternal depressive symptoms at child age 9 and perceived financial stress to significantly relate to maternal depressive symptoms at child age 13. Results of fitting the data to a cross-lag panel model indicated that from early to late childhood, total child behavior problems significantly contributed to the depression symptoms experienced by mothers at subsequent time points. Yet, the direction of effects shifted from late childhood into early adolescence, with mothers' depressive symptoms in late childhood significantly predicting total behavior problems in early adolescence. Slight differences were observed in cross-lagged analyses examining child externalizing and internalizing separately. Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.