Download or read book Examining the Relationship Between Competitiveness and Body Dissatisfaction in African American and Caucasian Women written by Karen Pulliam Egan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To investigate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and dieting peer competitiveness, general competitiveness, and ethnic identity among African American and Caucasian women, online survey data from 165 African American and 178 Caucasian participants were analyzed. Two measures of body dissatisfaction were used, one focusing on the size and shape of specific body parts and one broadening the definition of body dissatisfaction to include variables that have been found to be important in body image of African American women, such as skin complexion, hair texture, and body proportion. Analysis of covariance tests were conducted to assess the effect of race/ethnicity on body dissatisfaction scores while controlling for age, body mass index, household income, number of children, self-esteem, and depression. Caucasian participants had significantly higher adjusted mean scores for body dissatisfaction than African American participants on both measures (Caucasian adj M = 1.431, African American adj M = 1.065; adj M = 1.431, African American adj M = 1.00). Dieting peer competitiveness was a significant predictor of both types of body dissatisfaction for all participants (F(1, 282) = 35.846, p .01); (F(1, 277) = 67.420, p .01)). General competitiveness scores were not a significant predictor of either type of body dissatisfaction for all participants (F(1, 276) = .001, p .05); (F(1, 272) = .485, p .05)). Ethnic identity was a significant predictor of body dissatisfaction as measured by the broader construct ((F(1, 267) = 6.631, p .05); (F(1, 257) = .5.140, p .05)) but not for body dissatisfaction as defined as shape and size of particular body parts ((F(1, 261) = .443, p .05); (F(1, 256) = .002, p .05)). Racial/ethnic differences in body dissatisfaction were found among women ranging in age from 18 to 73 years old. Peer competitiveness focused on body image and eating behaviors was related to body dissatisfaction for African American and Caucasian women while general competitiveness scores were not, adding support to Social Comparison Theory. Ethnic Identity was also found to be related to a broader definition of body dissatisfaction, which included skin complexion and hair texture.
Download or read book Impacts of Race ethnicity and Self esteem on Body Dissatisfaction in Women written by Kristie Vail Schultz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, there is a push for individuals to be of a particular size, and for women, that ideal size is extremely thin (Katzmarzyk & Davis, 2001). Overall, females indicate a greater drive for thinness and put more emphasis on weight and shape salience than do men (Anderson & Bulik, 2001), and they prefer a less muscular body type than men as well (Oehlhof, Musher-Eizenman, Neufeld, & Hauser, 2009). Among women, Caucasian females report more body dissatisfaction than do African American women (e.g., Kelly et al., 2011). Body dissatisfaction can be influenced by many factors; in addition to gender and race/ethnicity, those factors can include low self-esteem and high body mass index (Wojtowicz & von Ranson, 2012). This study further examines the relationship among the factors that potentially predict body dissatisfaction. 295 undergraduate females, from age 18 to age 25, participated in an online survey, in which five measures were administered. This study examines the relationship between body dissatisfaction and global self-esteem across ethnicities, in addition to exploring the impacts of race/ethnicity, body mass index, global self-esteem, contingent self-esteem, and need to belong on body dissatisfaction.
Download or read book Examining the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and social media usage among African American women written by Calisha S. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Relationships Among Body Image Dissatisfaction Racial Identity and Racial Socialization in African American Women College Students written by Desire Shenay Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discussion of race within body image research has for many years been a topic of empirical focus. However, remaining still is a lack of knowledge regarding the unique sociocultural factors that are involved in African American women's experience of body and the development of body dissatisfaction. Racial identity and family background may impact Black women's body attitudes. The proposed study is an exploratory investigation of body dissatisfaction in a sample of African American women college students. Specifically, the role of racial identity and the endorsement of racial socialization messages received from family will be examined. Findings will serve to increase understanding of the sociocultural underpinnings of body image among Black women. Racial identity and racial socialization will be tested as potential predictors of body dissatisfaction through hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Racial identity status will be examined as a potential mediator of racial socialization and body dissatisfaction.
Download or read book The Impact of Racial Socialization and Racial Identity on Body Dissatisfaction in African American Women College Students written by Desire Shenay Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lack of knowledge exists regarding the sociocultural factors involved in African American women’s experience of body dissatisfaction. This study examined the body image attitudes of African American women through the constructs of racial socialization from family and racial identity. This study was partially exploratory in nature, as few researchers have examined the relation between racial socialization from family and body dissatisfaction. Specifically, this study examined (1) the relationships between endorsement of various racial socialization messages and body dissatisfaction (2) the relationships between racial identity attitudes and body dissatisfaction (3) the role of racial socialization messages and racial identity attitudes in the prediction of body dissatisfaction (4) racial identity attitudes as mediators of the relationship between racial socialization messages and body dissatisfaction. Participants included 187 African American women. The majority of the population was recruited from a large, southwestern, predominantly White university. With regard to racial socialization, results did not support a significant relationship between Protective messages and body dissatisfaction, Coping messages and body dissatisfaction, and Affirmation messages and body dissatisfaction. However, Stereotyping messages were found to be significant and positively related to body dissatisfaction. Results revealed that among racial identity attitudes Pre-Encounter Self-Hatred was significantly and positively related to body dissatisfaction. Findings did not support significant relationships between Pre-Encounter Assimilation, Pre-Encounter Miseducation, Immersion-Emersion Anti-White, Internalization Afrocentric, Internalization Multicultural Inclusive racial identity attitudes and body dissatisfaction. Additionally, Stereotyping messages and Pre-Encounter Self-Hatred were predictive of body dissatisfaction among this sample of African American women. Finally, Pre-Encounter Self-Hatred racial identity attitudes mediated the relationship between Stereotyping messages and body dissatisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Download or read book Understanding Body Image Differences Between African American and White Women written by Dominique Latrice Watson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent empirical studies have examined sociocultural factors that affec women's development of body dissatisfaction including the roles of media, peer influence, and racial/cultural standards. This study examines the influence of racial socialization, mass media, and peers in influencing African American and white women's body dissatisfaction. Specifically, focus groups are used from a sample of 25 African American and white college students between the ages of 18 and 22. This study draws on a social comparison theoretical framework which argues that individuals evaluate their self-concept based on their ideas, values, and attitudes similar to them. This study finds that African American women are vulnerable to white standards of beauty. However, they are more resilient to these standards because of how they are racially socialized. Further, white women are more susceptible to conform to normative ideals of beauty that equate beauty with thinness. .
Download or read book Ethnic Differences in the Effects of Media on Body Image written by Gina L. Bruns and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discussion. The current study supports the existing literature suggesting that African American women experience less body dissatisfaction than Caucasian women even following exposure to an ethnically-similar thin model. Additionally, this study demonstrated that women exposed to plus size model conditions experienced greater body dissatisfaction than those shown thin models.
Download or read book Self esteem Body Image Satisfaction and Self perception Level Differences in Relation to Body Mass Index Among African American and Caucasian Females written by Shandra L. Byrd and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study was conducted to determine if differences between Caucasian and African American women's self-esteem; body image satisfaction, and self- perception relative to body mass index scores (BMI) would disappear when SES, and urbanicity are taken into consideration. Sixty-five Caucasian and 47 African American female students from a midsize university in East Texas volunteered to participate in the study. All volunteers were unmarried and ranged in age from 18 to 25 years. Participants completed several measures: The Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire (Cash, 2000a) and Body-image Questionnaire (Cash, 2000b), Self-Perception Profile for College Students (Neeman & Harter, 1986), Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Status, and a demographic data sheet. Participants' actual weight, ideal weight, and height were obtained in order to compute their BMI. For the most part, the study hypotheses were supported. Specifically, African Americans reported greater scores in the majority of domains of self-esteem, body image satisfaction, and self-perception than their Caucasian counterparts. However, when SES and urbanicity were introduced as covariates, these differences disappeared for a large number of domains. Implications for future research and possible application of these findings are discussed.
Download or read book The Young Athlete written by Helge Hebestreit and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential new volume in the Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine series, published under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee, provides a thorough overview of the unique physiologic characteristics, responsiveness to training, and possible health hazards involved in the training, coaching, and medical care of young athletes. Intense involvement in competitive sports often begins during childhood. During adolescence, many athletes reach their peak performance and some may participate in World Championships and Olympic Games at a relatively young age. The Young Athlete presents the available information relevant to exercise and training in youth, reviewed and summarized by authors who are recognized as leaders in their respective fields. The Young Athlete is subdivided into seven parts covering: the physiologic bases of physical performance in view of growth and development; trainability and the consequences of a high level of physical activity during childhood and adolescence for future health; the epidemiology of injuries, their prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation; non-orthopedic health concerns including the pre-participation examination; psychosocial issues relevant to young athletes; diseases relevant to child and adolescent athletes; the methodology relevant to the assessment of young athletes. This valuable reference summarizes a large database of information from thousands of studies and is especially relevant to sports physicians, pediatricians, general practitioners, physical therapists, dietitians, coaches, students, and researchers in the exercise sciences.
Download or read book The Moderating Effects of Perfectionism and Ethnic Identity on the Relationship Between Sociocultural Pressure and Body Dissatisfaction written by Nicole M. Williams and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of body image research within the last two decades has been on the relationship between sociocultural pressure to be thin and body dissatisfaction. Body dissatisfaction has become an increasingly prevalent problem in Western society as women are becoming increasingly displeased with their body size (Grabe & Hyde, 2006). Sociocultural pressure has been shown to be lead to increased drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and eating pathology (Levine et al., 1994). While these findings have been consistently shown in Caucasian females, research with African American female samples has found inconsistent results. Research has generally argued that Caucasian females experience greater body dissatisfaction and eating pathology than African Americans (Akan & Grilo, 1995; Crago et al., 1996) and that African Americans are less affected by sociocultural pressure to be thin (Schooler et al., 2004). There may be other variables that would enhance our understanding of these relationships among African American women. The purpose of this research was to examine the mediational influences of body dissatisfaction on the relationship between sociocultural pressure and eating pathology and the moderational influences of perfectionism and ethnic identity on the relationship between sociocultural pressure and body dissatisfaction. Participants were 100 undergraduate or graduate African American females enrolled at a private or public college or university. Following informed consent, participants completed the following questionnaires: a demographic data sheet, the Perceived Sociocultural Pressure Scale (Stice & Bearman, 2001), the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS; Brown et al., 1990; Cash, 2000), the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS; Hewitt & Flett, 1991), the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS; Frost et al., 1990), the Multi-group Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM; Phinney, 1992; Roberts et al., 1999), and the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS; Stice et al., 2000; Stice et al., 2004). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the hypothesized mediational and moderational pathways. Results suggest that body satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between sociocultural pressure and eating pathology. Self-oriented perfectionism moderated the relationship between sociocultural pressure and body satisfaction. When sociocultural pressure was reconceptualized as sociocultural pressure from the media and sociocultural pressure from peers and family, self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism moderated the relationship between sociocultural pressure from the media and body satisfaction. Implications of these findings for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Download or read book Is Thin in written by Kenya Irene Thompson-Leonardelli and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Traditionally, body image disturbance and eating disorders have been viewed as a European American female phenomenon but a growing body of evidence suggests that women of color, including African American women, may also be susceptible. The present study investigated the relationships between African and European American women's socioculturally developed attitudes about being attractive and body image, disordered eating, and overall self-esteem. The two attitudes studied were: (1) to be beautiful you must be thin and, (2) to be beautiful you must be White. The second attitude was examined specifically in the African American sample, and was measured using the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Participants, 131 African American and 165 European American female college students completed the IAT, Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire, Body Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Evaluation subscale, Body Shape Questionnaire-Revised, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, Eating Attitudes Test, and a demographic questionnaire. Results supported the hypothesis that African American women exhibit more positive body images, less disordered eating characteristics, and higher overall self-esteem. As expected, analyses suggested that the race differences on body image, disordered eating and self-esteem were mediated by participants' beliefs that being thin is the ideal. However, the results also revealed variance in body satisfaction and disordered eating within both racial groups. Similar to European Americans, African Americans who espoused the thin ideal were more likely to be less satisfied with their bodies, to engage in disordered eating and to report lower self-esteem. Also, African Americans who showed the clearest implicit preference for European American appearance were reported greater dissatisfaction with their bodies and lower self-esteem. Finally, results only partially supported the hypothesis that greater body preoccupation would be associated with greater disordered eating and lower self-esteem in women with greater body dissatisfaction. The hypothesis was only supported with European American women when predicting self-esteem. Overall, the present study showed that similar sociocultural attitudes about beauty may affect African and European American women's body image and that the levels of body image disturbance and eating concerns in the African American community will continue to grow as these European American thin ideals flourish.
Download or read book African American Female Body Image written by Lynette Lacey-Godfrey and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a significant amount of literature concerning body image issues with women of all ages and races. However, most of the research focuses on eating disorders among Caucasian American women. African-American females, on the other hand are perceived positively in the literature in regards to self-concept and body image. In addition, the African-American subculture has historically shown greater tolerance for larger sized women than the dominant culture. Although, African-American women appear to show a healthy self-image, researchers neglect to focus on the psychological and emotional ramifications of being assimilated into the White dominant society, where thinness is widespread. African-American females are often torn between the Black subculture which states that "thickness" is a prized asset, and the White dominant culture that is in opposition with these beliefs. This quantitative study examines African-American females enrolled at two universities, a predominantly White university and a historically Black university. These two groups are studied in an effort to analyze body image perceptions when immersed in two separate environments. Two hundred thirty two subjects completed a general questionnaire, which included demographic information, and the Young Women's Experiences with Body Shape questionnaire (YWEBS). Factor analysis was utilized to determine statistically and psychologically meaningful underlying factor structures of body image as reported on the YWEBS. A Pearson r was performed to assess the magnitude of the relationship between the YWEBS and the demographic variables of the general questionnaire. A discriminant function analysis was utilized to determine differences in the two samples based on the YWEBS and the demographic variables of the general questionnaire. Finally, the chi-square method was utilized to determine the differences between the responses of the two samples. Results reveal support for the hypotheses of this study. The factor analysis revealed that there were meaningful underlying factor structures of body image, while the Pearson r showed that there is a significant relationship between the demographic variables of the general questionnaire and the YWEBS. The discriminant function analysis revealed that there are differences between the two samples, and the chi-square analysis showed that there were differences on at least five questions of the general questionnaire. Furthermore, contributions to the field, limitations, suggestions for future research, and the summary and implications for counseling are presented.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Body Images and Healthy Eating and Exercise Behaviors Among a Sample of Black Women written by Kristin Joan Flynn and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black women are at high risk for obesity and obesity-related health problems such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Genetic predisposition and socioeconomic theories do not provide adequate explanation for why Black women are at high risk for obesity. Researchers have hypothesized that Black women's greater acceptance of a wider range of body sizes as attractive may make them less motivated to engage in weight-control. Few studies have addressed the relationship between body image and healthy eating and exercise behaviors among Black women. This is the first study known to examine these variables by using measures designed and validated among a sample of Black women. Eighty-seven Black women were recruited to participate in our survey. Hierarchical multiple and logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether body image variables predicted eating and exercise behaviors among Black women. Results suggest that obese women with greater body satisfaction were more likely to eat low fat foods and engage in regular exercise than obese women with less body satisfaction. Body image was not a predictor of healthy eating and exercise behaviors among nonobese Black women. These results challenge previous hypotheses that Black women's more positive body images place them at greater risk for obesity. Instead, this study suggests that positive body images are associated with healthy eating and exercise behaviors that reduce the risk for obesity and obesity-related diseases among Black women.
Download or read book People of Color in the United States 4 volumes written by Kofi Lomotey and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 1617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This expansive, four-volume ready-reference work offers critical coverage of contemporary issues that impact people of color in the United States, ranging from education and employment to health and wellness and immigration. People of Color in the United States: Contemporary Issues in Education, Work, Communities, Health, and Immigration examines a wide range of issues that affect people of color in America today, covering education, employment, health, and immigration. Edited by experts in the field, this set supplies current information that meets a variety of course standards in four volumes. Volume 1 covers education grades K–12 and higher education; volume 2 addresses employment, housing, family, and community; volume 3 examines health and wellness; and volume 4 covers immigration. The content will enable students to better understand the experiences of racial and ethnic minorities as well as current social issues and policy. The content is written to be accessible to a wide range of readers and to provide ready-reference content for courses in history, sociology, psychology, geography, and economics, as well as curricula that address immigration, urbanization and industrialization, and contemporary American society.
Download or read book Self esteem Body Image and the Prevalence of Eating Disorders written by Tiffany Ganell Porter and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of IAC SSaH 2015 written by Collective of authors and published by Czech Institute of Academic Education z.s.. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethnic Differences in Implicit Thin ideal Internalization written by Erica Hart Duran and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past research indicates that Caucasians hold stronger positive views of ultra-thin body types, have greater body dissatisfaction and greater rates of eating disorders than African Americans. However, a number of studies in the last decade have called into question the significant differences between ethnicities in these areas. Previous studies have focused on explicit measures such as questionnaires and figure ratings scales to arrive at this conclusion. Automatic or implicit measures of attitudes are much less used, though they are superior in their accuracy of instant judgments or opinions that may be difficult for participants to articulate. In the current study, implicit attitudes about thin figures were evaluated using an Implicit Association Test (IAT). Variations on the basic IAT were presented including different concepts related to figures, as well as examples of Caucasian as well as African American figures. Ethnic identity, disordered eating measures, body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness scores were used to assess the relationship between these factors and implicit attitudes. Results suggest that there are no significant differences overall between African American, Caucasian, and Biracial women on implicit views of thin figures, however there are several differences within the IAT types. For instance, IATs presenting attributes related to attractiveness elicit greater D scores than those using general positive and negative concepts. Additionally, both African Americans and Caucasians were more likely to hold internalized thin-ideal associations of "goodness" for thin African Americans than thin Caucasians. Lastly, explicit measures of drive for thinness and problematic eating showed greater disturbances for African Americans relative to the other ethnic groups. Possible explanations and theoretical implications for these findings are discussed. This project contributes to our understanding of how ethno-cultural factors influence internalization of a thin ideal, which in turn maybe be responsible for the onset and maintenance of eating disorders in America.
