Download or read book The Evolution of Sex Determination written by Leo Beukeboom and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-06-12 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination mechanisms are responsible for the sexual fate and development of sexual characteristics in an organism, be it a unicellular alga, a plant, or an animal. In many cases, sex determination is genetic: males and females have different alleles or different genes that specify their sexual morphology. In animals, this is often accompanied by chromosomal differences. In other cases, sex may be determined by environmental (e.g. temperature) or social variables (e.g. the size of an organism relative to other members of its population). Surprisingly, sex-determination mechanisms are not evolutionarily conserved but are bewilderingly diverse and appear to have had rapid turnover rates during evolution. Evolutionary biologists continue to seek a solution to this conundrum. What drives the surprising dynamics of such a fundamental process that always leads to the same outcome: two sex types, male and female? The answer is complex but the ongoing genomic revolution has already greatly increased our knowledge of sex-determination systems and sex chromosomes in recent years. This novel book presents and synthesizes our current understanding, and clearly shows that sex-determination evolution will remain a dynamic field of future research. The Evolution of Sex Determination is an advanced, research level text suitable for graduate students and researchers in genetics, developmental biology, and evolution.
Download or read book Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms written by James J. Bull and published by Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company. This book was released on 1983 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolutionary Mechanisms in Sex Determination written by Stephen S. Wachtel and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the International Conference on Developmental Biology, "Evolutionary Mechanisms in Sex Determination," held in Memphis, May 4-8, 1987.
Download or read book The Genetics and Biology of Sex Determination written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-04-26 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nature employs a wide variety of sex determining mechanisms and it is only comparatively recently that the tools have become available for these to be explored at the cellular and molecular levels. A major landmark was the discovery in 1990 of the SRY gene and the subsequent demonstration of its key role in triggering male sex determination in transgenic mice. This book reviews and discusses our current understanding of the molecular genetic pathways of sex determination, with special emphasis on vertebrates. It features comparisons with other modes of sex determination, consideration of the biology of sexual development and discussion of the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms. By bringing together an international and interdisciplinary group of experts who study many different aspects of the problem, the book highlights much new and exciting work in this area and serves to identify and stimulate promising new research directions.
Download or read book Theoretical Studies on Sex Ratio Evolution written by Samuel Karlin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1986-07-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with a key area of population genetics: the ratio of the sexes in a population, or the allocation of resources to male versus female reproductive function. Samuel Karlin and Sabin Lessard establish the formal theoretical aspects of the evolution of sex ratio within the constraints of genetic mechanisms of sex determination. Their results generalize and unify existing work on the topic, strengthening previous conceptions in some cases and, in other instances, offering new directions of research. There are two main approaches to understanding the causes and effects of sex ratio. One approach focuses on the optimization and adaptive functions of sex allocation, while the other emphasizes the consequences of genetic sex determination mechanisms. In discussing the utility of these two approaches, Professors Karlin and Lessard examine the principal sex-determining mechanisms and facts involved in sex ratio representations, the various genetic and environmental factors that contribute to adaptive sex expression, and the evolution of sex determining systems and controls. From a population genetic perspective, the authors derive evolutionary properties in support of the high incidence of 1:1 sex ratio in natural populations and investigate the conditions that can explain the occurrence of biased sex ratio.
Download or read book The Evolution of Sex and its Consequences written by S.C. Stearns and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genes and Mechanisms in Vertebrate Sex Determination written by Gerd Scherer and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following an opening chapter by the late Susumu Ohno on paralogues of sex-determining genes, the five best-studied genes essential for early mammalian gonadal development are portrayed in detail: SF-1 and WT1 and their roles in early events in gonadal development, SRY and SOX9 in testis determination, and the anti-testis gene DAX-1. Subsequent chapters look at the roles of these genes in sex determination in marsupial mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, and review the different sex-determining mechanisms, genetic and environmental, that operate in these different vertebrate classes. Two insights emerge: one, that the same basic set of genes appears to operate during early gonadal development in all vertebrates, despite the differences in mechanisms; the other, that sex determination in vertebrates results from a complex network of regulatory interactions and not from a simple hierarchical cascade of gene actions.
Download or read book Sex Determination and Differentiation in Reptiles written by Ettore Olmo and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reptiles are a fascinating group for the study of sexual development because they exhibit a wide range of sex-determining mechanisms, from strict genetic sex determination (GSD) to strict thermal sex determination (TSD) and intermediate systems of GSD that are to various degrees overridden by environmental effects . This thematic issue presents the latest data on different aspects of sex determination in reptiles. Following an evolutionary perspective on why reptiles might be predisposed to evolve TSD, the papers in this issue explore in detail the different genetic and molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation. They consider recent findings such as the discovery of new genes differentially expressed at male and female sex-determining temperatures, a new model of the role of aromatase, and the contribution of heat-shock proteins to TSD in the American alligator. Further studies examine the role played by sex allocation, the advantage of viviparity, and the effects of anthropogenic climate change on the sex ratio in TSD reptile populations. Providing a valuable overview for both students and researchers, this publication is essential reading for developmental and reproductive biologists, herpetologists, comparative endocrinologists, evolutionary biologists and geneticists.
Download or read book Evolution of Genes and Genomes with Different Sex Determination Systems written by Jun Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies of organisms with well-differentiated XY chromosomes, e.g. fruitfly and mammals, consistently detected excess of genes moving out of the X chromosome and gaining testis-bias expression. Several selective evolutionary mechanisms were shown to contribute to such nonrandom gene traffic, affecting the evolution of the X chromosome and autosomes. If selective mechanisms essentially impel the biased gene traffic patterns, they should also exist in species with ZW chromosomes, namely species with female heterogamety. However, no previous investigation of retrogene traffic in species with female heterogamety (e.g. chicken and populus) has found any biased movement patterns. Here, we first reported the nonrandom retrogenes movement pattern in a species with ZW chromosomes, silkworm (Bombyx mori). We showed that the retrogenes out of Z tend to gain ovary-bias expression and into Z tend to develop testis-biased expression (silkworm), consistent with the gene traffic detected in birds and symmetrical to the retrogenes movement pattern found in fruitflies and mammals. These properties of the gene traffic in B. mori ZW systems suggest that driven by selection-based mechanisms, the heterogamety of sex chromosomes may affect the chromosomal locations of newly generated sex biased genes and their evolution.
Download or read book Molecular Genetic Mechanisms of Sex Determination in Animals written by Aleksandr F. Smirnov and published by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA. This book was released on with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender (sex) is a set of morphological and physiological characteristics of the organism underlying sexual reproduction, the essence of which is reduced to fertilization, i.e. the fusion of male and female gametes (gametes) zygote, which develops into a new organism.Sexual reproduction of a species is considered as one of the mechanisms of its homeostasis. Thanks to this mechanism, numerous species have an evolutionary advantage. In the book, two authors will discuss the types of genetic sex determination and differentiation, mostly in multicellular animal organisms. Sex determination is both genetic and environmental process, the sex of an individual being established through an alternative physiological solution. There are two main postulated mechanisms of sex determination: genetic (GSD, Genetical Sex Determination) and environmental (ESD, Environmental Sex Determination).
Download or read book Sex Determination written by Guido Bacci and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1965 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Evolution of Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination Mechanisms in Stickleback Fishes Gasterosteidae written by James Ralph Urton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sex Chromosomes and Sex Linked Genes written by Susumu Ohno and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural selection operates among individual organisms which differ in their genetic constitution. The degree of hereditary variability within a species is greatly enhanced by cross-fertilization. Indeed, the mechanism of sexual reproduction occurred very early in evolution, for it is seen today even in bacteria. In Escherichia coli, fertilization occurs by passage of the single chromosome from the male into the female bacterium (LEDERBERG, 1959). In multicellular organisms, the separation of germ from soma, and the production of haploid gametes became mandatory. The gametes were of two types. One, extremely mobile, was designed to seek out and penetrate the other, which loaded with nutrients, received the mobile gamete and intiated the development of a new individual. The foundation for true bisexuality was thus laid. In the primitive state of bisexuality, whether an individual is to be a sperm-producing male or an egg-producing female appears to be decided rather haphazardly. In the worm, Banelia viridis, the minute males are parasites in the female. Larvae that become attached to the proboscis of an adult female become males, while unattached larvae sink to the bottom and become females (BALTZER, 1935). The more sophisticated state of bisexuality was initiated by setting aside a particular pair of chromosomes for specialization and making either the male or the female a heterogametic sex. Sex chromosomes as we know them were thus born.
Download or read book Sex Evolution and Behavior written by Martin Daly and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides an elementary level discussion of recent theory relating to the evolutionary and adaptive aspects of reproductive behaviour. The relation between ultimate and proximate levels of explanation is the major theme of the book. Two new chapters in this edition incorporate findings from recent research and there is also new material on humans, physiology, and development. Sex and reproductive behaviour are examined from an evolutionary comparative perspective and numerous empirical studies and examples are cited.
Download or read book The Genetics and Biology of Sex Determination Novartis Foundation Symposia Book 244 written by Derek'' J. Chadwic'k and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nature employs a wide variety of sex determining mechanisms and it is only comparatively recently that the tools have become available for these to be explored at the cellular and molecular levels. A major landmark was the discovery in 1990 of the SRY gene and the subsequent demonstration of its key role in triggering male sex determination in transgenic mice. This book reviews and discusses our current understanding of the molecular genetic pathways of sex determination, with special emphasis on vertebrates. It features comparisons with other modes of sex determination, consideration of the biology of sexual development and discussion of the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms.By bringing together an international and interdisciplinary group of experts who study many different aspects of the problem, the book highlights much new and exciting work in this area and serves to identify and stimulate promising new research directions.
Download or read book Evolution of Sex determining Mechanisms written by Irma Virginia Lagomarsino and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In the Light of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.
