Download or read book Evolution of the Microstructure in Microcrystalline Silicon Prepared by Very High Frequency Glow discharge Using Hydrogen Dilution written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of samples was deposited by very high frequency glow discharge in a plasma of silane diluted in hydrogen in concentrations SiH4/(SiH4 + H2) varying from 100% to 1.25%. For silane concentrations below 8.4%, a phase transition between amorphous and microcrystalline silicon occurs. Microcrystalline silicon has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction. The medium-resolution TEM observations show that below the transition, the microstructure of microcrystalline silicon varies in a complex way, showing a large variety of different growth structures. For the sample close to the phase transition, one observes elongated nanocrystals of silicon embedded in an amorphous matrix followed at intermediate dilution by dendritic growth, and, finally, at very high dilution level, one observes columnar growth. X-ray diffraction data evidence a (220) crystallographic texture; the comparison of the grain sizes as evaluated from TEM observations and those determined using Scherrer's equation illustrates the known limitations of the latter method for grain size determination in complex microstructures.
Download or read book Microstructure and Surface Roughness of Microcrystalline Silicon Prepared by Very High Frequency glow Discharge Using Hydrogen Dilution written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Applied in Very Thin Tandem Solar Cells written by Sandra Schicho and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2011 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combined Analysis written by Daniel Chateigner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-04 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces and details the key facets of Combined Analysis—an x-ray and/or neutron scattering methodology which combines structural, textural, stress, microstructural, phase, layer, or other relevant variable or property analyses in a single approach. The author starts with basic theories related to diffraction by polycrystals and some of the most common combined analysis instrumental set-ups are detailed. Powder diffraction data treatment is introduced and in particular, the Rietveld analysis is discussed. The book also addresses automatic phase indexing—a necessary step to solve a structure ab initio. Since its effect prevails on real samples where textures are often stabilized, quantitative texture analysis is also detailed. Also discussed are microstructures of powder diffraction profiles; quantitative phase analysis from the Rietveld analysis; residual stress analysis for isotropic and anisotropic materials; specular x-ray reflectivity, and the various associated models. Finally, the book introduces the combined analysis concept, showing how it is superior to the view presented when we look at only one part of the analyses. This book shows that the existence of texture in a specimen can be envisaged as a way to decouple ordinarily strongly correlated parameters, as measured for instance in powder diagrams, and to examine and detail deeper material characterizations in a single methodology.
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Download or read book Introduction to Microfabrication written by Sami Franssila and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-29 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible text is now fully revised and updated, providing an overview of fabrication technologies and materials needed to realize modern microdevices. It demonstrates how common microfabrication principles can be applied in different applications, to create devices ranging from nanometer probe tips to meter scale solar cells, and a host of microelectronic, mechanical, optical and fluidic devices in between. Latest developments in wafer engineering, patterning, thin films, surface preparation and bonding are covered. This second edition includes: expanded sections on MEMS and microfluidics related fabrication issues new chapters on polymer and glass microprocessing, as well as serial processing techniques 200 completely new and 200 modified figures more coverage of imprinting techniques, process integration and economics of microfabrication 300 homework exercises including conceptual thinking assignments, order of magnitude estimates, standard calculations, and device design and process analysis problems solutions to homework problems on the complementary website, as well as PDF slides of the figures and tables within the book With clear sections separating basic principles from more advanced material, this is a valuable textbook for senior undergraduate and beginning graduate students wanting to understand the fundamentals of microfabrication. The book also serves as a handy desk reference for practicing electrical engineers, materials scientists, chemists and physicists alike. www.wiley.com/go/Franssila_Micro2e
Download or read book Comprehensive Semiconductor Science and Technology written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2011-01-28 with total page 3572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductors are at the heart of modern living. Almost everything we do, be it work, travel, communication, or entertainment, all depend on some feature of semiconductor technology. Comprehensive Semiconductor Science and Technology, Six Volume Set captures the breadth of this important field, and presents it in a single source to the large audience who study, make, and exploit semiconductors. Previous attempts at this achievement have been abbreviated, and have omitted important topics. Written and Edited by a truly international team of experts, this work delivers an objective yet cohesive global review of the semiconductor world. The work is divided into three sections. The first section is concerned with the fundamental physics of semiconductors, showing how the electronic features and the lattice dynamics change drastically when systems vary from bulk to a low-dimensional structure and further to a nanometer size. Throughout this section there is an emphasis on the full understanding of the underlying physics. The second section deals largely with the transformation of the conceptual framework of solid state physics into devices and systems which require the growth of extremely high purity, nearly defect-free bulk and epitaxial materials. The last section is devoted to exploitation of the knowledge described in the previous sections to highlight the spectrum of devices we see all around us. Provides a comprehensive global picture of the semiconductor world Each of the work's three sections presents a complete description of one aspect of the whole Written and Edited by a truly international team of experts
Download or read book Poly silicon Thin Film Transistor Technology and Applications in Display and Other Novel Technology Areas written by Apostolos T. Voutsas and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2003 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.
Download or read book Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells written by Arvind Shah and published by EPFL Press. This book was released on 2010-08-19 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic technology has now developed to the extent that it is close to fulfilling the vision of a "solar-energy world," as devices based on this technology are becoming efficient, low-cost and durable. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of thin-film silicon, a prevalent PV material, in terms of its semiconductor nature, starting out with the physical properties, but concentrating on device applications. A special emphasis is given to amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon as photovoltaic materials, along with a model that allows these systems to be physically described in the simplest manner possible, thus allowing the student or scientist/engineer entering the field of thin-film electronics to master a few basic concepts that are distinct from those in the field of conventional semiconductors. The main part of the book deals with solar cells and modules by illustrating the basic functioning of these devices, along with their limitations, design optimization, testing and fabrication methods. Among the manufacturing processes discussed are plasma-assisted and hot-wire deposition, sputtering, and structuring techniques.
Download or read book Microcrystalline Silicon my c Si H Prepared with Very High Frequency Glow Discharge VHF GD Process written by Kshem Prasad and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Films written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Amorphous to Microcrystalline Silicon Films Prepared by Hydrogen Dilution Using the VHF 70 MHz GD Technique written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amorphous and microcrystalline silicon films have been prepared by hydrogen dilution from pure silane to silane concentrations ≥1.25%. At silane concentrations of less than 10%, a transition from the amorphous phase to the microcrystalline phase can be observed. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy indicates a preferential growth of the crystallites in the [220] direction. Additionally, the transition into the microcrystalline regime is accompanied by a shrinking of the optical gap, a reduction in hydrogen content and by a modified trend of the deposition rate. The observed changes in the infrared absorption modes indicate modifications in the hydrogen bonding and can be correlated with results known from monocrystalline silicon. Close to the transition zone, but still in the amorphous regime, the hydrogen content is increased, whereas the microstructure parameter reaches its smallest value. Precisely these films have a 0.06 eV higher optical gap and a reduced defect density by a factor of 4 as compared to a-Si:H layers prepared from pure silane.
Download or read book Applied Science Technology Index written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High rate growth of hydrogenated amorphous and microcrystalline silicon for thin film silicon solar cells using dynamic very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition written by Thomas Zimmermann and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Silicon Materials for Photovoltaic Applications written by Sergio Pizzini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, the silicon feedstock for photovoltaic cells comes from processes which were originally developed for the microelectronic industry. It covers almost 90% of the photovoltaic market, with mass production volume at least one order of magnitude larger than those devoted to microelectronics. However, it is hard to imagine that this kind of feedstock (extremely pure but heavily penalized by its high energy cost) could remain the only source of silicon for a photovoltaic market which is in continuous expansion, and which has a cumulative growth rate in excess of 30% in the last few years. Even though reports suggest that the silicon share will slowly decrease in the next twenty years, finding a way to manufacture a specific solar grade feedstock in large quantities, at a low cost while maintaining the quality needed, still remains a crucial issue. Thin film and quantum confinement-based silicon cells might be a complementary solution. Advanced Silicon Materials for Photovoltaic Applications has been designed to describe the full potentialities of silicon as a multipurpose material and covers: Physical, chemical and structural properties of silicon Production routes including the promise of low cost feedstock for PV applications Defect engineering and the role of impurities and defects Characterization techniques, and advanced analytical techniques for metallic and non-metallic impurities Thin film silicon and thin film solar cells Innovative quantum effects, and 3rd generation solar cells With contributions from internationally recognized authorities, this book gives a comprehensive analysis of the state-of-the-art of process technologies and material properties, essential for anyone interested in the application and development of photovoltaics.
Download or read book Growth and Characterization of Microcrystalline Silicon Films and Devices Using Very High Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Joshua Ali Graves and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a report of the work done to grow hydrogenated microcrystalline Si materials and p-n junction photovoltaic devices using a 45MHz (VHF) PECVD process. Several parameters such as hydrogen dilution during growth, pressure, growth temperature, and ion bombardment were systematically varied during the growth process to study their effects on crystallinity and device properties. Crystallinity of the films was studied using Raman and x-ray diffraction techniques. It was found that the typical grain size was in the range of 10-25 nm, with larger grain sizes being obtained at higher deposition temperatures. It was also found that as the deposition pressure increased, the crystalline fraction decreased. This behavior is attributed to the decrease of ion bombardment at higher pressures. Optical measurements revealed the films to have absorption characteristics similar to those of c-Si. p+/n/n+ devices were fabricated on stainless steel and semi-transparent Mo/tin oxide substrates. Capacitance spectroscopy was used to estimate total defect and dopant densities in the base layer material. Good quality devices with fill factors approaching [difference]65% and open-circuit voltages of [difference]0.45 V could be fabricated using this technique. Diffusion length of holes in this material was estimated using quantum efficiency vs. voltage techniques, and it was found to be in the range of 1.2 micrometers.
Download or read book Microcrystalline Silicon c Si H Prepared with Very High Frequency Glow Discharge VHF GD Process written by Kshem Prasad and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
