Download or read book Evolution and Classification of the Cariceae Dulichieae Scirpeae Clade Cyperaceae written by Étienne Léveillé-Bourret and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over a century, the origins and mechanisms underlying the diversification of the enormous cosmopolitan genus Carex (>2,100 species; Cariceae, Cyperaceae or sedge family) have remained largely speculative. Although its unique morphology (e.g., unisexual flowers, perigynia) clearly indicated it was a natural group, it obscured its relationships to all other Cyperaceae because the morphological gap between it and the rest of the family was so wide. Consequently, no plausible sister group to Carex has ever been proposed. Early molecular analyses narrowed the problem by placing Carex within a strongly-supported clade with the enigmatic monospecific genus Khaosokia, and tribes Dulichieae and Scirpeae (hereafter CDS), a group consisting of 2,250 species, or approximately 41% of all Cyperaceae. However, poor taxonomic sampling and the limited number of molecular markers used in these studies meant that the sister group to Carex remained a mystery. The goals of this thesis were to resolve evolutionary relationships within the CDS clade, to identify the sister group to Carex, and to develop a new natural tribal classification of CDS that could be used in future biogeographic and comparative analyses of Carex and its relatives. Initial phylogenetic analyses using two plastid markers (matK, ndhF) identified seven major CDS lineages, and suggested that Carex could be nested within a paraphyletic Scirpeae. However, backbone support for these relationships was low due to an ancient rapid radiation (1̃0 million years) followed by long divergence of the seven major lineages (4̃0 million years). The addition of conventional sequence-based markers from the plastid genome (rps16) and nuclear ribosomal region (ETS-1f, ITS) indicated that a traditional molecular approach would not resolve these key backbone nodes. Consequently, a recently developed flowering-plant-specific anchored enrichment probe kit targeting hundreds of conserved nuclear genes combined with next generation sequencing was used to resolve the CDS backbone. Although the resulting phylogenomic dataset was able to resolve the CDS backbone with high support, the topology and branch lengths only reaffirmed the isolated position of Carex. However, comparative morphological analyses of specimens at key herbaria not only suggested that Sumatroscirpus, a rare genus thought to be endemic to Sumatra, could be sister to Carex, but they also provided an easily accessible site to collect DNA in Northern Vietnam. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses of plastid (matK, ndhF, rps16) and nuclear ribosomal (ETS-1f, ITS) markers strongly supported Sumatroscirpus as the sister to Carex, and molecular dating estimates suggested they shared a common ancestor in the late Eocene (3̃6 million years ago). Comparative studies and ancestral state estimates of key morphological characters were congruent with this hypothesis, suggesting that the perigynium is not unique to Carex, but in fact a synapomorphy shared with Sumatroscirpus. This means that the initial key innovation in the remarkable diversification of Carex is not the perigynium, but could be the release of mechanical constraints that permitted the evolution of the remarkable morphological diversity of Carex perigynia seen today. A taxonomic revision of Sumatroscirpus revealed that this purportedly monospecific genus actually consisted of four species, and it extended its range over 2,400 km to the north into Northern Vietnam, Myanmar, and Southwestern China. The phylogenetic framework provided by the previous studies enabled a new tribal and generic classification of CDS to be proposed. Seven monophyletic tribes are recognised including four new tribes (Calliscirpeae, Khaosokieae, Sumatroscirpeae, Trichophoreae), and a new genus (Rhodoscirpus). Morphological synapomorphies are identified for all recognized tribes, and a worldwide treatment, including identification keys, is provided for Sumatroscirpus species, CDS genera, and Cyperaceae tribes.
Download or read book Calliscirpus Gen Nov and Its Relationships Within the Hyperdiverse Cariceae Dulichieae Scirpeae Clade Cyperaceae written by Claire N. Gilmour and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eriophorum crinigerum (Scirpeae, Cyperaceae) has been placed in either the genus Scirpus (club-rushes) or Eriophorum (cottograsses), but a unique combination of bristle and inflorescence features suggests that it could represent a new generic lineage. In addition, prior field studies and initial analyses suggested that E. crinigerum could consist of two species. Using molecular, morphological, anatomical, embryological and geographical data, I examine relationships within the hyperdiverse Cariceae + Dulichieae + Scirpeae clade (ca. 2055 species)to which E. crinigerum belongs and I explore whether this species could contain undocumented species diversity. Results demonstrate not only that E. crinigerum represents a new genus within Cyperaceae, here called Calliscirpus, but it can be divided into two allopatric species, C. criniger and C. brachythrix sp. nov. Calliscirpus brachythrix is confined to the Sierra Nevada Mountains and C. criniger is confined to the Klamath-Siskiyou and North Coastal Mountains; all three mountain ranges are found within the California Floristic Province (USA) which is well known for its high generic and species endemism. My results suggest that Calliscirpus is distantly related to Eriophorum, but that it could be most closely related to the Cariceae, a osmopolitan clade representing almost 40% of all Cyperaceae diversity.
Download or read book World Checklist of Cyperaceae written by Rafaël Govaerts and published by Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. This book was released on 2007-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sedge family, Cyperaceae, is the third largest family of monocotyledonous plants. They are of significant economic importance, especially among rural communities in the tropics, where sedges are intensively used. The World Checklist of Cyperaceae provides a single source guide to the correct names of all sedges, the source of their publication and indicating which names are currently accepted and which are synonyms. It will be a standard nomenclatural reference for further research into this important family. This makes it an invaluable reference for agriculturists, horticulturists, ecologists, conservationists and plant biologists.
Download or read book Flowering Plants Monocotyledons written by Klaus Kubitzki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Rolf Dahlgren and I embarked on preparing this book series, Rolf took prime responsibility for monocotyledons, which had interested him for a long time. After finishing his comparative study and family classification of the monocots, he devoted much energy to the acquisition and editing of family treatments for the present series. After his untimely death, Peter Goldblatt, who had worked with him, continued to handle further incoming monocot manuscripts until, in the early 1990s, his other obligations no longer allowed him to continue. At that time, some 30 manuscripts in various states of perfection had accumulated, which seemed to form a solid basis for a speedy completion of the FGVP monocots; with the exception of the grasses and orchids which would appear in separate volumes. I felt a strong obligation to do everything to help in publishing the manuscripts that had been put into our hands. I finally decided to take charge of them personally, although during my life as a botainst I had never seriously been interested in monocots.
Download or read book The Botanical Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vascular Epiphytes written by David H. Benzing and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-07 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis of the growing body of information from research on epiphytes and their relations with other tropical biota provides a comprehensive overview of basic functions, life history, evolution, and the place of epiphytes in complex tropical communities. Epiphytes comprise more than one-third of the tropical vascular flora in some tropical forests. Growing within tropical forest canopies, epiphytes are subject to severe environmental constraints, and their diverse adaptations make them a rich resource for studies of water balance, nutrition, reproduction and evolution.
Download or read book Manual of Phytogeography written by Léon Croizat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Vegetation of Antarctica through Geological Time written by David J. Cantrill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-22 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fossil history of plant life in Antarctica is central to our understanding of the evolution of vegetation through geological time and also plays a key role in reconstructing past configurations of the continents and associated climatic conditions. This book provides the only detailed overview of the development of Antarctic vegetation from the Devonian period to the present day, presenting Earth scientists with valuable insights into the break up of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. Details of specific floras and ecosystems are provided within the context of changing geological, geographical and environmental conditions, alongside comparisons with contemporaneous and modern ecosystems. The authors demonstrate how palaeobotany contributes to our understanding of the paleoenvironmental changes in the southern hemisphere during this period of Earth history. The book is a complete and up-to-date reference for researchers and students in Antarctic paleobotany and terrestrial paleoecology.
Download or read book Wetlands of South Africa written by G. I. Gowan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systematic Embryology of the Angiosperms written by Gwenda L. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flowering Plants written by Armen Leonovich Takhtadzhi͡an and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Illustrations of the Genus Carex written by Francis Boott and published by . This book was released on 1858 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cyperaceae of Economic Ethnobotanical and Horticultural Importance written by David A. Simpson and published by Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. This book was released on 2001 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sedges form the third largest family monocot,with an almost cosmopolitan distribution. This is acomprehensive analysis of their economic,ethnobotanical and horticultural importance.
Download or read book Monocots Systematics and Evolution written by Karen L Wilson and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000-05-19 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monocots: Systematics and Evolution presents leading work from around the world on non-grass monocotyledons and includes reviews and current research into their comparative biology, phylogeny and classification. The papers are based on presentations at the Second International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons, Monocots II, held in Sydney, Australia in late 1998. Many were subsequently updated or extended to take into account new information. All 72 papers have been peer-reviewed.
Download or read book Scaling Biodiversity written by David Storch and published by Ecological Reviews. This book was released on 2007-07-12 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We know that there are tens of millions of plant and animal species, but we do not know enough to be able to describe the patterns and processes that characterise the distribution of species in space, time and taxonomic groups. Given that in practical terms it is impossible to expect to be able to document biodiversity with any degree of completeness other approaches must be used. Scaling rules offer one possible framework, and this book offers a synthesis of the ways in which scaling theory can be applied to the analysis of biodiversity. Scaling Biodiversity presents new views on quantitative patterns of the biological diversity on earth and the processes responsible for them. Written by a team of leading experts in ecology who present their most recent and innovative views, readers will be provided with what is the state of art in current ecology and biodiversity science.
Download or read book Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation written by Thomas J. Givnish and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-05-08 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume surveys advances in the study of adaptive radiation showing how molecular characters can be used to analyze the origin and pattern of diversification within a lineage in a non-circular fashion.
Download or read book Plant Life of Palestine written by Michael Zohary and published by . This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronica Botanica New Series Of Plant Science Books, No. 33.
