Download or read book Evaluation of the Fallout Protection Afforded by Brookhaven National Laboratory Medical Research Center written by H. M. Borella and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was made to determine the protection against fallout radiation provided by the Medical Research Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Shelter areas in the basement which could be used as emergency hospital wards were found to offer satisfactory shielding during a fallout situation. This study also added data to the nuclear energy civil effects research being conducted by the Civil Effects Test Operations, Division of Biology and Medicine, United States Atomic Energy Commission, on the radiation shielding provided by structures. A fallout radiation field was simulated by pumping a sealed Co60 source through a long length of evenly distributed tubing. Radiation measurements were made inside the Medical Center by dose-integrating ionization chambers. In general, the protection factors (ratio of open-field exposure dose rate to structure exposure dose rate) varied from 200 to 400 throughout the basement and from 12 to 20 on the first floor. Two isolated areas in the basement Indicated much higher protection factors (1400 and 4000). Since this was a large one-story structure with a flat roof, fallout on the roof would probably contribute more than 90 per cent of the total exposure dose rate at most points within the building during a fallout situation. Methods of significantly increasing the protection at most points of interest are limited to increasing the shielding material between the shelter areas and the roof or removing the contamination from the roof.
Download or read book Experimental Evaluation of the Fallout radiation Protection Afforded by a Southwestern Residence written by Z. Burson and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was conducted to determine the fallout-radiation protection afforded by a residence representative of a type of construction much in favor in the Southwest: a single-story stucco and frame house with a heavy shake roof and no basement. This study was one of many such studies sponsored by Civil Effects Test Operations, Division of Biology and Medicine, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, for the purpose of evaluating the protection presently afforded by ordinary homes and structures against the dangers of fallout radiation. The protection afforded by the home was determined by simulating a fallout-radiation field above and immediately surrounding the house and measuring the radiation level within. The radiation field was simulated by pumping a sealed Co(60) source through a long length of tubing evenly distributed over the test area. Highly sensitive dose-integrating ionization chambers were used to measure the radiation level inside the structure. The test was performed rapidly, easily, and safely. Valid statistical data were obtained even though the radiation level was of such low magnitude that it was unnecessary to evacuate any of the neighboring homes. The protection factors within the house (ratio of exposure dose rate in the open field to exposure dose rate in the structure) ranged from 2.8 to 4.4, depending on the location. The results compare favorably with those found in previous exercises under similar conditions.
Download or read book Experimental Evaluation of the Radiation Protection Provided by an Earth covered Shelter written by Zolin G. Burson and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was undertaken to determine the protection against fallout radiation provided by an earth-covered shelter. The study indicated that the shelter offered excellent protection from fallout radiation deposited on and around the shelter. This study also added additional data to the research in radiation shielding provided by various structures which is being conducted by the Civil Effects Test Operations, Division of Biology and Medicine, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. A fallout radiation field was simulated by pumping, at constant speed, a sealed Co60 source through a long length of tubing which was evenly distributed over an area. Radiation measurements were made Inside the shelter by dose-integrating ionization chambers. In general, the results indicated that the protection factor (ratio of the open-field exposure dose rate to the exposure dose rate in the structure) was approximately 5000 in the center of the shelter, increasing to 10,000 to 15,000 along the sides, and decreasing to about 3000 near the ends. Directly below vents the protection factor was found to be approximately 2500 at the 3-ft level. The shelter was a half-round corrugated-steel structure covered by a minimum of approximately 2 ft of earth on the top and 5 to 7 ft of earth on the sides.
Download or read book Protective Action Evaluation written by George H. Anno and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Engineering Method for Calculating Protection Afforded by Structures Against Fallout Radiation written by Charles Eisenhauer and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report is a discussion of the technical assumptions underlying the methods currently recommended by the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) for calculating protection afforded by structures against fallout radiation.It discusses methods for calculating the contributions from radioactive sources on the roof and on the ground surrounding a simple one-storied building.It shows in detail how each technical chart in the OCD Professional Manual is derived from basic data on radiation penetration developed by Dr. L. V. Spencer.Charts from the Professional Manual and relevant curves from Spencer's work are included.(Author).
Download or read book List written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Radiation Measurements in Conventional Structures Radiation measurements in two two story and three one story typical residential structures before and after modification written by Zolin G. Burson and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1990 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Fallout written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Barrier Attenuation of Air scattered Gamma Radiation written by Zolin G. Burson and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additional measurements at this same location were made to determine: (1) the skyshine dose rate as a function of distance from a cobalt-60 source placed on an air-ground interface: (2) the geometry factor describing a detector response to scattered gamma rays at the air-ground interface from a point isotropic cobalt-60 source on the ground 100 ft away; and (3) lip scatter and wall backscatter corrections for a detector in an open hole exposed to skyshine radiation from cobalt-60. The results apply to a variation of shielding problems. One practical application is the shielding provided by basement roofs and exposed basement walls from skyshine radiation originating from fallout.
Download or read book Biological Tolerance to Air Blast and Related Biomedical Criteria written by Clayton S. White and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experience with animals exposed in a variety of above and below ground structures during full-scale field operations at the Nevada Test Site in 1953, 1955 and 1957 were reviewed. The data were assembled and summarized to illustrate the nature of the blast-induced problems of significance in protective shelters, "open" as well as "closed". Potential hazards were related to the following: various patterns of variation in environmental pressure; translational events associated with transient, high-velocity winds, ground shock and gravity involving the impact of energized inanimate objects on the one hand the the consequences of whole-body displacement on the other; non-line-of-site thermal phenomena including hot objects and rapidly moving hot, dust- laden air and debris; and dust, in the respirable size range, sufficiently high in concentration even in "closed" shelters as to warrant design measures to minimize or eliminate the occurrence of small particulates whether arising from wall spalling or otherwise. Tentative biological criteria, conceived to help assess human hazards from blast-related phenomena, were presented. Relevant data from the literature and on- going research in environmental medicine were set forth to aid the reader in appreciating how the criteria were formulated, what information was extrapolated from animal data, and wherein "best estimates" were employed. "State-of-the-art" concepts were noted to emphasize areas in which more thinking and research must continue if more refined, complete and adequate criteria are to be forthcoming for assessing man's response to blast-induced variation in his immediate environment.
Download or read book Ground Roughness Effects on the Energy and Angular Distribution of Gamma Radiation from Fallout written by Charles Martin Huddleston and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feasibility Study written by T. G. Provenzano and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design and fabrication of a high-intensity, 14-Mev neutron source which can be operated on a hoist platform on the 1500-ft BREN tower at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) has been determined to be feasible. Utilizing the T(d, n)-4He reaction, the source should be capable of producing, as a minimum, an average intensity of 10-13 neutrons/sec for periods up to 4 hr. The type and placement of power supplies, ion sources, targets, and vacuum equipment have been examined and a preliminary conceptual design completed. Control systems, testing procedures, and construction operations were studied and are presented. It is estimated that the neutron source will cost from 260,000 to 300,000, occupy approximately 400 ft-3, weigh approximately 7.5 tons and require about 10 months to complete.
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications Cumulative Index written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NBS Monograph written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shielding Against Gamma Rays Neutrons and Electrons from Nuclear Weapons written by John Howard Hubbell and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
