Download or read book Evaluation of the Ability of Fire Dynamic Simulator to Simulate Positive Pressure Ventilation in the Laboratory and Practical Scenarios written by nist and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is a tactic that is used on fire grounds across the world everyday, both to improve tenability after the extinguishment of a fire and/or offensively during fire attack to improve firefighting conditions. PPV has proven that it can be a useful tool on the fire ground, but it can also kill or injure fire fighters and civilians if used improperly. Data from three full-scale experiments are compared with simulations completed with the computational fluid dynamic model Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). The full-scale experiments characterize a Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) fan in an open atmosphere, in a simple room geometry and in a room fire. All experiments qualify and quantify the comparison of the experimental results with the FDS results. A concluding scenario is modeled utilizing the calibration of the full-scale experiments to examine the effects of PPV on a fire in a two-story, colonial style house.

Download or read book Evaluation of the Ability of Fire Dynamic Simulator to Simulate Positive Pressure Ventilation in the Laboratory and Practical Scenarios written by Stephen Kerber and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Building and Fire Research Laboratory written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-11-27 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A panel of experts appointed by the National Research Council assessed the scientific and technical work of the Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The scope of the assessment included the following criteria: (1) the technical merit of the current laboratory programs relative to the current state of the art worldwide; (2) the adequacy of the laboratory facilities, equipment, and human resources, as they affect the quality of the laboratory technical programs; and (3) the degree to which the laboratory programs in measurement science and standards achieve their stated objectives and desired impact. The book finds that, overall the technical merit of the programs reviewed within the BFRL is very high and generally at a state-of-the-art level. The programs have clear ties to the overall BFRL Strategic Priority Areas and are well aligned with the mission of NIST, which is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.

Download or read book Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures written by U.s. Department of Commerce and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of experiments was run in a masonry educational building examining the ability of fire service Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) fans to limit smoke spread or to remove smoke from areas where potential occupants may be located. The PPV fans are able to accomplish this by creating pressures higher than that of the fire to manage where the smoke and hot gases flowed in the building. Preliminary experiments examined the pressure increase created by portable fans and mounted fans in different configurations and locations. The two main fire scenarios included a long hallway with classrooms and a gymnasium. Both scenarios included fires that produced a large amount of smoke and hot gases, and instrumentation was placed to assess tenability criteria and how PPV tactics can either increase or decrease tenability. Measurements included temperature, pressure, thermal imaging and video views.

Download or read book Evaluation of FDS V 4 Upward Flame Spread written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is a powerful tool for simulating the gas phase fire environment of scenarios involving realistic geometries. If the fire engineer is interested in simulating fire spread processes, FDS provides possible tools involving simulation of the decomposition of the condensed phase: gas burners and simplified pyrolysis models. Continuing to develop understanding of the capability and proper use of FDS related to fire spread will provide the practicing fire engineer with valuable information. In this work three simulations are conducted to evaluate FDS V.4's capabilities for predicting upward flame spread. The FDS predictions are compared with empirical correlations and experimental data for upward flame spread on a 5 m PMMA panel. A simplified flame spread model is also applied to assess the FDS simulation results. Capabilities and limitations of FDS V.4 for upward flame spread predictions are addressed, and recommendations for improvements of FDS and practical use of FDS for fire spread are presented.

Download or read book Laboratory Simulation of Positive Pressure Ventilation written by Pamela Sue Ziesler and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Predictive Ability Analysis of the Simulator FDS in Order to Evaluate the Effects of Hydrocarbon Fires written by Juan Carlos Bueno Arcos and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project has as a main target to determine the validity of data provided by FDS simulator in function of its similitude with experimental data obtained through different PhD thesis. To start with, in a background section, is explained what is understand for fire and flames, which are the main types of fires that can occur in industry and, finally, which are the main features that define pool fires, which are object of study of this project. In this section, a brief introduction of computational fluids dynamic (CFD) has also been described, as the main simulation strategies in CFD (RANS, LES and DNS). Finally, the used simulation tools have been described. A whole chapter has been dedicated to the description of the different mathematical models FDS uses in order to perform its calculations, regarding to fluids hydrodynamics, combustion and thermal radiation transport. A brief summary of found validation results performed previously with FDS and which are related to the matter of this project have been summarized. After FDS introduction, a chapter has been dedicated to the description of the installation where the experiments were performed, the results of which will be compared with simulation data provided by FDS. Besides the description of the experimental scenario, the different measurement methods used experimentally to catch the registered variables are also described, and experimental results obtained have been compiled. Described the experimental installation and the measurement methods, it has been explained how experimental scenario has been implemented into FDS (originally, the reproduced scenario has been set as similar as possible to the real installation), and which have been the measurement methods for the output variables. Later, emplacement studies have been carried out, in order to find which domain and grid size (symmetry has also been studied) can provide the data which is most nearby to experimental results and, at the meantime, does not require an excessive computational time to be calculated. In addition to the study of the effect of the emplacement on the simulation results, the effect of setting a square pool shape instead of circular on the simulation results has also been studied, and which is the behaviour of both pool shapes when wind speed is increased. Following the pool shape study, a brief sensitivity study in order to check how simulation results vary when some input variables are slightly modified. Finally, sustainability and costs studies have been performed, the tasks planning during the entire stance at CERTEC has been presented and the project conclusions have been exposed.

Download or read book Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures written by nist and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of six experiments was conducted in a highrise apartment building in Chicago, Illinois. One experiment on each of the fire floors utilized portable fans and the other utilized a large truck or trailer mounted fan. The two experiments on the third floor examined the effects of wind driven fire conditions. All of the experiments created high temperatures and dense smoke conditions in the hallway. Numerous configurations were used during the experiments and the ability of the fans to keep smoke and heat out of the stairwell was analyzed. The minimum design pressures of NFPA 92A were used as baselines to compare to the actual pressures measured.In this limited set of experiments portable fans and mounted fans were able to quickly clear the stairwell of smoke and maintain a pressure high enough to prevent smoke infiltration into the stairwell. Positive pressure ventilation fans utilized correctly can increase the effectiveness and safety of fire fighters and survivability of occupants in high-rise buildings. When configured properly PPV fans can meet or exceed previously established performance metrics for fixed smoke control systems.

Download or read book Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures High Rise Pressure Experiments NISTIR 7412 written by nist and published by . This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One hundred and sixty experiments were conducted in athirty-story vacant office building in Toledo, Ohio to evaluate the ability of fire department positive pressure ventilation fans to pressurize a stairwell in a high-rise structure in accordance with established performance metrics for fixed stairwell pressurization systems. Variables such as fan size, fan angle, setback distance, number of fans, orientation of fans, number of doors open and location of vents open were varied to examine capability and optimization of each. Fan size varied from 0.4 m (16 in) to 1.2 m (46 in). Fan angle ranged from 90 degrees to 80 degrees. The setback distance went from 0.6 m (2 ft) to 3.6 m (12 ft). Between one and nine fans were used which were located at three different exterior locations and three different interior locations. Fans were oriented both inseries and in parallel configurations. Doors throughout the building were opened and closed to evaluate the effects. Finally a door to the roof and a roof hatch were used as vent points. The measurements taken during the experiments included differential pressure, air temperature, carbon monoxide, metrological data and sound levels.PPV fans utilized correctlycan increase the effectiveness of fire fighters and survivability of occupants in high-rise buildings. In a high-rise building it is possible to increase the pressure of a stairwell to prevent the infiltration of smoke if fire crews configure the fans properly. Although many factors contribute and need to be considered for effective PPV operations, properly configured PPV can achieve stairwell pressures that are high enough to meet or exceed the performance metrics for fixed smoke control systems.

Download or read book Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures written by Stephen Kerber and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PPV fans utilized correctly can increase the effectiveness of fire fighters and survivability of occupants in high-rise buildings. In a high-rise building it is possible to increase the pressure of a stairwell to prevent the infiltration of smoke if fire crews configure the fans properly. Although many factors contribute and need to be considered for effective PPV operations, properly configured PPV can achieve stairwell pressures that are high enough to meet or exceed the performance metrics for fixed smoke control systems.

Download or read book Study of the Effectiveness of Fire Service Positive Pressure Ventilation During Fire Attack in Single Family Homes Incorporating Modern Construction Practices written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Numerical Investigation of Multi compartment Fire Scenarios Using Large Eddy Simulation LES written by Duy Quang Le and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selected fire scenario corresponds to the Propagation d'un Incendie pour des Scenarios Multi-locaux Elementaires (PRISME) Integral Test 4, which is a multi-room configuration with a single pool fire burning Hydrogenated Tetra-Propylene (HTP) fuel and fully open doors. The objectives of the present study are to perform Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of a large scale fire propagating inside confined and ventilated compartments, and assess the capabilities of the present LES tool applied to a well specified fire scenario. A key part of this assessment is to determine whether FireFOAM can more accurately reproduce the flow variables in comparison to other commercially available fire solvers. FireFOAM utilizes the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) for combustion, discrete ordinate method for radiation, and k equation model for the Sub Grid Scale (SGS) closure. The experimental conditions are reproduced as closely as possible in the simulation. The numerical predictions focus on transient and steady-state temperature, major species concentration, velocity, and pressure in the different rooms. Detailed comparison of the FireFOAM results are made with a Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) study and the available experimental data. In general, FireFOAM shows good agreement between the LES results and the experimental data for temperature, velocity, species concentration, and pressure for most compartments. However, in comparison to FDS, FireFOAM over-predicts the fuel consumption rate. The variation in the fuel consumption rate between FireFOAM and FDS is due to the differences in the formulation of the residence time in the EDC combustion model by the two numerical codes.

Download or read book Heat and Smoke Transport in a Residential Scale Live Fire Training Facility Experiments and Modeling written by Adam M. Barowy and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Understanding fire behavior is critical to effective tactical decision making on the fireground, particularly since fireground operations significantly impact the growth and spread of the fire. Computer-based simulation is a flexible, low-cost training methodology with proven success in fields such as pilot training, space, and military applications. Computer-based simulation may enhance fire behavior training and promote effective fireground decision making. This study evaluates the potential of the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Smokeview to be utilized as a part of a computer-based fire fighter trainer. Laboratory compartment fire experiments and full-scale fire experiments in a live-fire training facility were both conducted as part of the NIST Multiphase Study on Fire Fighter Safety and the Deployment of Resources. The laboratory experiments characterized the burning behavior of wood pallets to design a repeatable fire for use in the field experiments. The field experiments observed the effects of varying fire fighter deployment configurations on the performance times of fire fighter actions at a live fire training facility. These actions included opening the front door and fire suppression. Because the field experiments simulated numerous fire department responses to a repeatable fire, data were available to evaluate FDS simulation of heat and smoke spread, and changes in the thermal environment after the front door is opened and fire suppressed. In simulating the field experiments, the laboratory-measured heat release rate was used as an input. Given this assumption, this study has two objectives: 1) to determine if simulations accurately spread heat and smoke through a multi-level, multi-compartment live fire training facility 2) to determine if the simulations properly reproduce changes in the thermal environment that result from two typical fire fighter actions: opening the front door and fire suppression. In simulation, heat and smoke spread to measurement locations throughout the test structure at times closely matching experimentally measured times. Predictions of peak temperatures near the ceiling were within approximately 20% for all measurement locations. Hot gas layer temperature and depth were both predicted within 10% of the floor to ceiling height. After the front door was opened, temperature changes near the door at the highest and lowest measurement locations matched with temperature changes in the experiments. After fire suppression, FDS simulated temperature decay at a rate within the range measured in the field experiments and approximated the total rise of the hot gas layer interface in the burn compartment 250 seconds after suppression.

Download or read book Evaluating Positive Pressure Ventilation in Large Structures written by Stephen Kerber and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PPV fans utilized correctly can increase the effectiveness of fire fighters and survivability of occupants in high-rise buildings. In a high-rise building it is possible to increase the pressure of a stairwell to prevent the infiltration of smoke if fire crews configure the fans properly. Although many factors contribute and need to be considered for effective PPV operations, properly configured PPV can achieve stairwell pressures that are high enough to meet or exceed the performance metrics for fixed smoke control systems.