Download or read book Evaluation of Resistance of US Rice Breeding Lines to the Rice Blast Pathogen written by Chunda Feng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph: Pyricularia oryzae), is a ubiquitous disease that threatens rice production in the USA and worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective way to manage this disease. Multiple races exist in the M. oryzae population in the USA.¬†It is necessary to know the resistance spectrum of rice cultivars to the prevalent rice blast races in the areas where they are grown. Twelve isolates of M. oryzae collected from the southern US rice-growing region were used in this study. The genetic diversity of these isolates was evaluated with genetic and molecular methods, and the pathogenicity to different rice blast resistance genes was determined by the disease reaction of two sets of near-isogenic lines containing one blast R gene per line. From 2005 to 2016, about 200 Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URRN) breeding lines have been tested with 9,Äì12 reference isolates annually, and a total of 2377 breeding lines have been tested. The varieties with good resistance to rice blast disease have been identified. The results could be useful for the management of rice blast disease in the southern US rice production area.
Download or read book Rice Blast Disease written by Robert S. Zeigler and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1994 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathogen biology. Cell biology of pathogenesis. Signalling systems and gene expression regulating appressorium formation in magnaporthe grisea. Genetic regulation of sporulation in the rice blast fungus. Genetic interactions in magnaporthe grisea that affect cultivar specific avirulence/virulence on rice. Genomic structure and variability in pyricularia grisea. Molecular genetic approach to the study of cultivar specificity in the rice blast fungus. Avirulence genes and mechanisms of genetic instability in the rice blast fungus. Host plant resistance. International collaboration on breeding for resistance to rice blast. Present knowledge of rice resistance genetics and strategies for magnaporthe grisea pathogenicity and avirulence gene analysis. Mapping of blast resistance genes in rice. Molecular genetic analysis fo the rice bacterial blight resistance locus, Xa21. Current status for gene transfer into rice utilizing variety-independent delivery systems. Pathogen population dynamics and utilization of host plant resistance. Virulencecharacteristics of genetic families of pyricularia grisea in Colombia. Race-specific and rate-reducing resistance to rice blast in US rice cultivars. A strategy for accumulating genes for partial resistance to blast disease in rice within a conventional breeding program. Lineage exclusion: a proposal for linking blast population analysis to resistance breeding. Use of host genetic diversity to control cereal diseases: implications for rice blast. Figs, wasps, nematodes and sitting ducks: rice blast, from the outside looking in. Epidemiology, loss assessment, and management. The economic impact of rice blast disease in China. Current rice blast epidemics and their management in Thailand. Rice blast in west Africa: its nature and control. Understanding and modeling leaf blast effects on crop physiology and yield. Methodology for quantifying rice yield effects of blast. The epidemiological basis for blast management. Using simulation models to explore better strategies for the management of blast disease in temperate rice pathosystems. Blast management in high input, high yield potential, temperate rice ecosystems. Practical approaches to rice blast management in tropical monsoon ecosystems, with special reference to Bangladesh. Rice breeding programs, blast epidemics and blast management in the United States. Strategies for the discovery of rice blast fungicides. Biological control of rice leaf blast. Farmers' perspectives. Crop-livestock interactions: implications for crop improvement in sustainable agriculture. Assessing indigenous and traditional knowledge in farming systems. Rice, reason, and resistance: a comparative study of farmers' vs. Scientists' perception and strategies.
Download or read book Wheat Blast written by Sudheer Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat Blast provides systematic and practical information on wheat blast pathology, summarises research progress and discusses future perspectives based on current understanding of the existing issues. The book explores advance technologies that may help in deciding the path for future research and development for better strategies and techniques to manage the wheat blast disease. It equips readers with basic and applied understanding on the identification of disease, its distribution and chances of further spread in new areas, its potential to cause yield losses to wheat, the conditions that favour disease development, disease prediction modelling, resistance breeding methods and management strategies against wheat blast. Features: Provides comprehensive information on wheat blast pathogen and its management under a single umbrella Covers disease identification and diagnostics which will be helpful to check introduction in new areas Discusses methods and protocol to study the different aspects of the disease such as diagnostics, variability, resistance screening, epiphytotic creation etc. Gives deep insight on the past, present and future outlook of wheat blast research progress This book’s chapters are contributed by experts and pioneers in their respective fields and it provides comprehensive insight with updated findings on wheat blast research. It serves as a valuable reference for researchers, policy makers, students, teachers, farmers, seed growers, traders, and other stakeholders dealing with wheat.
Download or read book Rice written by Wengui Yan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rice is a staple food for half of the worlds population mostly in Asia. Productivity of rice has largely been improved since the Green Revolution in 1960s. Further improvement of rice yield is necessary to keep pace with population growth, which is a challenging task for breeders. This book, Rice - Germplasm, Genetics and Improvement, as its name implies, comprehensively reviews current knowledge in germplasm exploration, genetic basis of complex traits, and molecular breeding strategies in rice. In the germplasm part, we highlight the application of wild rice in rice breeding. In the genetics part, most of the complex traits related with yield, disease, quality have been covered. In the improvement part, Chinese experiences in hybrid rice breeding have been summarized together with many molecular breeding practices scattering in different chapters.
Download or read book Advances in Genetics Genomics and Control of Rice Blast Disease written by Xiaofan Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-01 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide and destroys enough rice to feed more than 60 million people annually. Due to high variability of the fungal population in the field, frequent loss of resistance of newly-released rice cultivars is a major restraint in sustainable rice production. In the last few years, significant progress has been made in understanding the defense mechanism of rice and pathogenicity of the fungus. The rice blast system has become a model pathosystem for understanding the molecular basis of plant-fungal interactions due to the availability of both genomes of rice and M. grisea and a large collection of genetic resources. This book provides a complete review of the recent progress and achievements on genetic, genomic and disease control of the disease. Most of the chapters were presented at the 4th International Rice Blast Conference held on October 9-14, 2007 in Changsha, China. This book is a valuable reference not only for plant pathologists and breeders working on rice blast but also for those working on other pathysystems in crop plants.
Download or read book Advances in Rice Blast Research written by D. Tharreau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Rice Blast Research provides a complete overview of the research undertaken on the rice-blast pathosystem. This book gathers in one volume the most recent works on rice blast fungus genetics and molecular biology of pathogenicity, rice blast fungus population studies, and genetics and molecular biology of rice resistance to blast, including resistance gene cloning. It also presents the latest results on resistance breeding and resistance management strategies, epidemiology and disease management. This book is a must for plant pathologists and breeders working on rice blast and also to plant pathologists and breeders dealing with fungal diseases in general, because the rice-blast pathosystem is a model in plant pathology. Advances in Rice Blast Research provides a complete overview of the research undertaken on the rice-blast pathosystem. This book gathers in one volume the most recent works on rice blast fungus genetics and molecular biology of pathogenicity, rice blast fungus population studies, and genetics and molecular biology of rice resistance to blast, including resistance gene cloning. It also presents the latest results on resistance breeding and resistance management strategies, epidemiology and disease management. This book is a must for plant pathologists and breeders working on rice blast and also to plant pathologists and breeders dealing with fungal diseases in general, because the rice-blast pathosystem is a model in plant pathology.
Download or read book Protecting Rice Grains in the Post Genomic Era written by Yulin Jia and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-10-02 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on recent advances in genetic resources, host - pathogen interactions, assay methods, mechanisms of pathogenesis, and disease resistance. Environmentally benign crop protection methods for major rice diseases such as rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and newly emerged rice diseases such as false smut and bacterial panicle blight disease are included. The content also contains recent rice breeding methods for higher yield and improved disease resistance, rice processing, delicious rice recipes, and food safety. The book includes a comprehensive understanding of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin and its application for crop protection. Holistically, the book demonstrates successful applications of genomics, physiology, chemistry, genetics, pathology, soil science, and food technology to sustainably protect rice crops for global food safety.
Download or read book A Differential System for Blast Resistance for Stable Rice Production Environment written by Kokusai Nōrin Suisangyō Kenkyū Sentā and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rice Blast Interaction with Rice and Control written by Shinji Kawasaki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the researchers of rice blast disease and plant blast resistances, IRBC is an important chance to exchange information and discussion on rice blast, which has been a rather minor topic on international plant pathological meetings. Especially for those in Asia, where the blast is one the most important agricultural concerns, IRBC was a unique opportunity to discuss on rice blast with scientists in the West, in where it is achieving the positions of a model pathogen and a model system to study plant microbe interactions. However, I and probably many of Japanese blast researchers have felt an accumulated frustration that, in world plant pathological conferences, the information presented from Asia is only a small fraction although they have much more information that may be valuable for world plant pathologists and resistance researchers. I have noticed also some concept gaps between the researchers in East and West, particularly in the field resistance and the multiline system. There seems to be few who study field resistance and multilines in the West, while in Japan they are expected to become mainstream strategies to suppress the disease. Surely there is a great value in rd having 3 IRBC in Japan for cultivating wider communication between the scientists of the East and West.
Download or read book Evolution of the Gene Rotation Concept for Rice Blast Control written by and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1982 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rice Blast Disease in the U S and Africa written by Felix Rotich and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (= Pyricularia oryzae) B. Couch, is a leading disease of rice. Magnaporthe oryzae exhibits a high degree of diversity. The diversity of isolates of M. oryzae from Africa and the U.S. were examined using vegetative compatibility and virulence phenotyping as well as determination of variation in the avirulence gene AVRPiz-t in isolates from Africa. Also, evaluation of blast resistance genes in the interspecific rice germplasm "New Rice for Africa" NERICA was done using F2 progeny of the cross of U.S. susceptible cultivar M204 and NERICA 12. The U.S. isolates were in three vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), whereas isolates from Africa were in one to four VCGs that were unique to each country. Among isolates from the U.S, four pathotypes were distinguished based on differentials with the CO39 genetic background whereas 10 were distinguished based on the differentials with the LTH background. The R gene Pi9 was the most effective against isolates from both Africa and the U.S. Also, interspecific rice cultivars were highly resistant against isolates from both the U.S. and Africa. No single genotype or R gene was effective against all isolates from both Africa and the U.S. Blast control in the U.S could be achieved by introgression of Pi9 and Pi11 into rice cultivars. In West Africa, blast control could be achieved by introgressing Pi9, Pita2 and Pik-m into the rice cultivar F6-36. Alternatively, Pi9, Pik-s and Pik-m, could be introgressed into the rice cultivar FKR62N. For blast control in East Africa, one could introgress Pi9 into NERICA 12 or Pi9 and Piz-5 into NERICA 2. Variation in 10 of the 70 open reading frame (ORF) sequences of AVRPiz-t examined were observed. From the ORF sequences eleven haplotypes were observed with one haplotype comprising 86% of both virulent and avirulent isolates. Six virulent isolates had single nucleotide substitutions, insertions or deletions which altered the amino acid sequences of the ORF that could have caused isolates to be virulent. Based on PCR markers, two R genes, Pib and Pita2 were found in NERICA 12, but NERICA 12 could possibly contain other R genes.
Download or read book The Utilization of Rice Blast Resistance Genes in Hybrid Rice Breeding in China written by Junjie Xing and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid rice has demonstrated promises of yield gain for over several decades since its conception and massive deployment in China. One of the common bottlenecks of hybrid rice is the availability of suitable breeding lines as parents to produce marketable rice grains. Due to limitation of genetic diversity of breeding parent, hybrid rice is extremely vulnerable to rice blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. M. oryzae is a highly adaptive fungus that often gains new virulence to reduce crop resistance resulting in massive yield loss and crop failure. To secure yield gain of hybrid rice, identification and integration of diverse sources of resistance genes into hybrid rice are super critical. In this chapter, we will present strategies to identify, characterize, and stack effective blast resistance genes in hybrid rice breeding in China.
Download or read book Stabilization of Rice Culture Under Water Stress in the Tropics Using a Broader Spectrum of Genetic Resources written by Motohiko Kondo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developmental of rice blast differential lines and the evaluation of partial resistance for the breeding of durable rice varieties in the tropics. Stabilization of rice production under water stress in rainfed lowland and upland conditions.
Download or read book Rice Blast Disease written by K. Manibhushan Rao and published by Daya Books. This book was released on 1994 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blast, remains the world s most important diseases of rice, despite intensive efforts to control it. A comprehensive monographic study was planned on the basis of the author s wide experience on blast research over three decades and the knowledge gained through close, personal and professional working relationship with the world s leading rice pathologists. This book is aimed to benefit graduate students, rice pathologists and extension workers. The critical work should not only stimulate further research but is also useful for the blast management and crop improvement of rice. This monograph traces the history of rice blast disease, the fungus, its geographical distribution, nomenclature, taxonomy, morphology, physiology, variability, ultrastructure, cytology, ontogeny as well as cell and molecular biology. Throughout the book many outstanding illustrations, tables and excellent plates serve to amplify and clarify the exposition. Also, elaborate details are provided on the host-range, physiological races, varietal and nature of resistance, disease resistance and control, epidemiology, simulation models for forecasting and on research highlights on this principal rice disease. Contents Chapter 1: History; Chapter 2: Geographical Distribution; Chapter 3: Yield Losses; Chapter 4: Symptomatology; Pathological histology; Chapter 5: Causal Organism; Nomenclature, Taxonomy, Morphology, Physiology, Variability, Ultrastructure, Antigenic comparison, Conidium ontogeny; Cell and molecular biology; Chapter 6: Host Range; Cereals, Grasses and sedges; Chapter 7: Life Cycle; Chapter 8: Physiological Races; Race distribution and differentiation, Single lesion and lesion types, Protoplast regenerated isolates, Race shift and evaluation, Discrepancies; Chapter 8: Varietal Resistance; Evaluation of varietal resistance, Uniform blast nursery, Use of established races, Method of inoculation, Identification of resistance source, Method of scoring; Chapter 9: Physiology of Host Plants; Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Silica, Growth regulators, Amino acids; Chapter 10: Host-Pathogen Interaction; Genotype-nyctotemperature; Chapter 11: Nature of Resistance; Host surface interaction, Constituent chemical compounds, Toxins, Phenols, Phytoalexins, Enzymes, Permeability changes; Chapter 12: Disease Resistance; Cross protection, Induced resistance, Pathogenicity and virulence, Inheritance of resistance, Horizontal/ vertical resistance, Durable resistance, Gene rotation, Single gene addition, Gene pyramiding, Multiline concept; Chapter 13: The Disease; Source of primary infection, Predisposing factors favouring infection, Mode of infection and spread, Epidemiology, Forecasting, Disease feature, Simulation models; Chapter 14: Disease Control; Breeding for resistance, Cultural practices, Chemical control, Antibiotics, Fungicidal/antibiotic resistance, Cross resistance against fungicides, Botanical pesticides, Biocontrol, Evaluation of long term control; Chapter 15: Research Highlights; In retrospect.
Download or read book Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of Pyricularia Oryzae in the Contemporary Rice Blast Pathogen Population in Arkansas written by Lu Zhai and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea), is one of the most economically important diseases of rice worldwide, including Arkansas. Rice blast has been severe the past few years on conventional cultivars and, more recently, has been observed on hybrid rice cultivars. The first objective of the current research was to examine the genotypic and phenotypic variation in the P. oryzae population in Arkansas during the 2009, 2010, and 2011 growing seasons and compare isolates from conventional cultivars with those from and hybrids. A total of 904 isolates were recovered from symptomatic rice cultivars in Arkansas and were examined for their genotypic and phenotypic diversity. The isolates were evaluated for vegetative compatibility, MGR586 DNA fingerprint diversity, SSR marker diversity, and virulence on a set of 40 commercial cultivars or advanced breeding lines as well as hybrid cultivars. Examination of isolates indicated that three and of the four known VCGs were present (VCGs US-01, 02, and 04) and that one VCG (US-01) predominated (>50%). Using SSR markers, MGR586 fingerprint, and virulence tests, the genotypic and phenotypic differences between lineages of P. oryzae from Arkansas were examined. Most of the isolates collected from hybrids showed a similar genotype and phenotype as the isolates recovered from conventional cultivars. Three atypical isolates, recovered from Plant Introduction accessions grown in Texas, had unique MGR586 fingerprints and could not be assigned to one of the known VCGs. One of the three isolates appeared to have a unique virulence phenotype and two of the isolates were not virulent on any of the rice germplasm tested. Population analysis could continue to provide a better understanding of pathogen virulence evolution, assist in screening for disease resistance, and help develop strategies to breed for durable resistance to blast disease. In addition, a second objective was to evaluate the stability of the AVR-Pita gene in-vitro. Previous research found structural variation of the AVR-Pita gene among field isolates. Examination of AVR-Pita over an eight week in-vitro experiment indicated that the AVR-Pita sequence were stable.
Download or read book Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors written by Libo Shan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This volume covers protocols on techniques ranging from MAMP isolations from diverse microorganisms, PRR identifications from different plant species, MAMP-PRR binding, and a series of signaling responses and events revealed by various biochemical, cellular, genetic and bioinformatic tools. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors: Methods and Protocolsaims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field." -- OCLC.
Download or read book Rice Improvement written by Jauhar Ali and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. By 2050, human population is expected to reach 9.7 billion. The demand for increased food production needs to be met from ever reducing resources of land, water and other environmental constraints. Rice remains the staple food source for a majority of the global populations, but especially in Asia where ninety percent of rice is grown and consumed. Climate change continues to impose abiotic and biotic stresses that curtail rice quality and yields. Researchers have been challenged to provide innovative solutions to maintain, or even increase, rice production. Amongst them, the ‘green super rice’ breeding strategy has been successful for leading the development and release of multiple abiotic and biotic stress tolerant rice varieties. Recent advances in plant molecular biology and biotechnologies have led to the identification of stress responsive genes and signaling pathways, which open up new paradigms to augment rice productivity. Accordingly, transcription factors, protein kinases and enzymes for generating protective metabolites and proteins all contribute to an intricate network of events that guard and maintain cellular integrity. In addition, various quantitative trait loci associated with elevated stress tolerance have been cloned, resulting in the detection of novel genes for biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of traits, such as N and P use, is allowing rice researchers to engineer nutrient-efficient rice varieties, which would result in higher yields with lower inputs. Likewise, the research in micronutrients biosynthesis opens doors to genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance micronutrients production. With third generation sequencing techniques on the horizon, exciting progress can be expected to vastly improve molecular markers for gene-trait associations forecast with increasing accuracy. This book emphasizes on the areas of rice science that attempt to overcome the foremost limitations in rice production. Our intention is to highlight research advances in the fields of physiology, molecular breeding and genetics, with a special focus on increasing productivity, improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality of rice.
