Download or read book Evaluation of Maize Populations Developed from Different Recurrent Selection Methods written by Ken Alan Mayberry and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding written by Arnel R. Hallauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm

Download or read book Recurrent Selection Methods for Maize Improvement written by Larry Lynn Darrah and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Two Maize Populations After Eight Cycles of Reciprocal Recurrent Selection written by Thomas Craig Kevern and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Recurrent Selection for Combining Ability Between Two Partitioned Populations in Maize written by Gregory John Holland and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of 11 Cycles of Reciprocal Recurrent Selection in BSSS and BSCB1 Maize Populations written by Vichien Keeratinijakal and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Maize Populations Resulting from Divergent Recurrent Selection Under Interseeding with Red Clover written by Mohamed Farah Shirdon and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Progress in Recurrent Selection for Specific Combining Ability in Two Open pollinated Maize Zea Mays L Varieties written by Ronald N. Walejko and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To decide upon the most efficient breeding and testing procedures to improve maize populations, the plant breeder must have adequate knowledge of the type of gene action involved in yield heterosis. Two types of gene action have been postulated to account for yield heterosis in maize: dominance and overdominance. Recurrent selection of specific combining ability and for general combining ability have been proposed as methods to improve maize populations. Recurrent selection for specific combining ability uses a narow genetic base tester and originally was proposed on the assumption that overdominance is the main type of gene action responsible for yield heterosis. Conversely, selection for general combining ability uses a broad genetic base tester and assumes that dominant, favorable factors are concerned in yield heterosis. A procedure was proposed to compare the relative importance of dominance and overdominance in yield heterosis. This procedure involved recurrent relection for specific combining ability in two heterozygous source populations with a common inbred line tester. The purpose of this study was to evaluate progress in 5 cycles of recurrent slection for specific combining ability in two open-pollinated maize varieties and to determine the type of gene action involved in yield heterosis. The two source populations were the open-pollinated varieties, Kolkmeier and Lancaster, and the inbred line, Hy, was used as the common tester. After 5 cycles of recurrent selection, 6 population (C0 to C5) from (...).

Download or read book Evaluation of Recurrent Selection in Leaming and Midland Maize Populations written by Marcelo Javier Carena and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Favorable responses to selection were observed in traits that are essential for adaptation, especially in root lodging. S1-S2 recurrent selection was an effective method to adapt and improve both populations, suggesting an adequate balance between the selection among S1 and S2 progenies. Intrapopulational recurrent selection was also successful in increasing the heterotic expression between Leaming and Midland Yellow Dent. The first objective of our long-term program has been achieved and considerable improvements have been made. An alternative U.S. heterotic pattern has been confirmed and needs refinement, and an interpopulational-reciprocal recurrent selection program including improved selection cycles of Leaming and Midland Yellow Dent seems desirable.

Download or read book Evaluation of Recurrent Selection in the BS12 and BS15 Maize Zea Mays L Populations written by Manuel Cortez-Flores and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Tolerance to High Plant Densities and Plant Efficiency of Maize Breeding Populations Developed by Recurrent Selection for Grain Yield written by Theodore M. Crosbie and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Five Cycles of Recurrent Selection for Cold Tolerance in Two Maize Populations written by Kathleen Gehl Hoard and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Visual S1 Recurrent Selection for Early Vigor in Maize written by Daryl Keith Hexum and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Tolerance to High Plant Densities and Plant Efficiency of Maize Breeding Population Developed by Recurrent Selection of Grain Yield written by T.M. Crosbie and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several recurrent relection schemes are being used to improve grain-yield performance of several maize (Zea mays L.) populations at the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station. Three cycles of reciprocal full-sib selection in Iowa Two-ear Synthetic [BS10(FR)] and Pioneer Twc-ear Composite [BS11(FR)], seven cycels of reciprocal recurrent selection in Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic [BSSS(R)], Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic #1 [BSCB1(R)], and five cycels of half-sib recurrent selection in Lancaster Surecrop 9LANC) with maize inbred, Hy, as tester have been completed. I grew testcrosses of unimproved and improved populations of BS10(FR), BS11(FR), BSSS(R), BSCB1(R) And LANC, plus population crosses (i.e., CO X CO, CN X CN) of BS10(FR) X BS11(FR) and BSSS(R) X BSCB1(R) at three plant densities in three environments. Testers were maize inbreds Mo17, B77, and B79, My research was conducted: (1) to evaluate respones to plant densities of the CO and CN populations, (2) to study changes in several morphological and physiological traits associated with recurrent selection for increased grain yield, and (3) to caompare results obtained for testcrosses and populations crosses to evaluate combining ability for grain yield, density tolerance, and physiological traits. Reciprocal full-sib selection did not improve the response to plant densities of testcrosses and population crosses of BS10(FR) and BS11(FR). Furthermore, selection did not increase grain yield of BS10(FR) X BS11(FR) at 39.5 and 79.0 M plants/ha or of (...).

Download or read book Evaluation of Mass Selection in a Golden Glow Maize Population Based on Combinations with Related and Unrelated Testers written by Jeffrey Richard Renk and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of S1 Lines from Original and Advanced Populations of Two Maize Varieties to Determine the Effects of Reciprocal Recurrent Selection written by Kathleen Ann Grady and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Reciprocal Recurrent Selection for Grain Yield in Maize Z Mays L written by Seme Debela and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: