Download or read book Evaluation of Gas reburning and Low NO subscript X Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler Technical Progress Report No 19 April 1 1995 June 30 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x) formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. For LNB applications, the technology is developed and a number of LN-B designs are commercially available. With GR, about 80-85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x) is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO(subscript x) reduction achievable with 15-20% natural gas is on the order of 50-60%. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 70%.

Download or read book Evaluation of Gas reburning and Low NO subscript X Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler Technical Progress Report No 11 April 1 June 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x), formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x) is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO(subscript x) reduction achievable with 15--20% natural gas is on the order of 50--60%. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 70%. Progress is described.

Download or read book Evaluation of Gas reburning and Low NO subscript X Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler Technical Progress Report No 14 January 1 1994 March 31 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Phase III of the project was approved and commenced on April 15, 1992. Phase III activities during this reporting period involved the continuation of long term testing and the extension of the program through 6-30-95. Additional funds were also allocated and changes in the workscope of Phase III were made to include Gas Reburning System Enhancements.

Download or read book Evaluation of Gas reburning and Low NO subscript X Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler Technical Progress Report No 12 July 1 September 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x) formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. For LNB applications, the technology is developed and a number of LNB designs are commercially available. With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x) is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO(subscript x) reduction achievable with 15--20% natural gas is on the order of 50--60%. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 70%.

Download or read book Evaluation of Gas Reburning and Low NO subscript X Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler Quarterly Technical Progress Report No 13 October 1 December 31 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clean Coal Technology (CCT) implies the use of coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. Coal combustion results in the emission of oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)), which are precursors of both acid rain and ozone formation. The primary objective of this CCT project is to evaluate the use of Gas Reburning and Low NO(subscript x) Burners (GR-LNB) for NO(subscript x) emission control from a wall fired boiler. It is anticipated that, if the demonstration is successful, the GR-LNB technology could become commercialized during the 1990's and will be capable of (1) achieving significant reduction in the emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (another acid rain precursor) from existing facilities to minimize environmental impacts such as transboundary and interstate pollution and/or (2) providing for future energy needs in an environmentally acceptable manner. Low NO(subscript x) burners are designed to delay the mixing of the coal fuel with combustion air to minimize the NO(subscript x) formation. Typically, one may obtain up to 50% reduction in NO(subscript x) emissions through the use of LNB. For LNB applications, the technology is developed and a number of LNB designs are commercially available. With GR, about 80--85 percent of the coal fuel is fired in the main combustion zone. The balance of the fuel is added downstream as natural gas to create a slightly fuel rich environment in which NO(subscript x) is converted to N2. The combustion process is completed by over-fire air addition. SO(subscript x) emissions are reduced to the extent that natural gas replaces sulfur-containing coal. The level of NO(subscript x) reduction achievable with 15--20% natural gas is on the order of 50--60%. Thus the emission reduction target of the combination of these two developed technologies is about 70%. Progress is described for Phase III on operation, data collection, reporting and disposition.

Download or read book Evaluation of Gas Reburning Low NOx Burners on a Wall Fired BoilerPerformance and Economics Report Gas Reburning Low NOx Burner System Cherokee Station Unit 3 Public Service Company of Colorado written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology Program (Round 3), aproject was completed to demonstrate control of boiler NOX emissions and to a lesserdegree, due to coal replacement, SO2 emissions. The project involved combining GasReburning with Low NOX Burners (GR-LNB) on a coal-fired electric utility boiler todetermine if high levels of NOX reduction (70%) could be achieved. Sponsors of the projectincluded the U.S. Department of Energy, the Gas Research Institute, Public ServiceCompany of Colorado, Colorado Interstate Gas, Electric Power Research Institute, and theEnergy and Environmental Research Corporation. The GR-LNB demonstration wasperformed on Public Service Company of Colorado's (PSCO) Cherokee Unit#3, locatedin Denver, Colorado. This unit is a 172 MW wall-fired boiler that uses ColoradoBituminous, low-sulfur coal. It had a baseline NOX emission level of 0.73 lb/106 Btu usingconventional burners. Low NOX burners are designed to yield lower NOX emissions than conventional burners. However, the NOX control achieved with this technique is limited to 30-50%. Also, withLNBs, CO emissions can increase to above acceptable standards. Gas Reburning (GR)is designed to reduce NOX in the flue gas by staged fuel combustion. This technologyinvolves the introduction of natural gas into the hot furnace flue gas stream. When combined, GR and LNBs minimize NOX emissions and maintain acceptable levels of COemissions. A comprehensive test program was completed, operating over a wide rangeof boiler conditions. Over 4,000 hours of operation were achieved, providing substantialdata. Measurements were taken to quantify reductions in NOX emissions, the impact onboiler equipment and operability and factors influencing costs. The GR-LNB technologyachieved good NOX emission reductions and the goals of the project were achieved. Although the performance of the low NOX burners (supplied by others) was less thanexpected, a NOX reduction of 65% was achieved at an average gas heat input of 18Y0. Theperformance goal of 70% reduction was met on many test runs, but at a higher reburn gasheat input. S02 emissions, based on coal replacement, were reduced by 18Y0. Theperformance goal of 70% reduction was met on many test runs, but at a higher reburn gasheat input. S02 emissions, based on coal replacement, were reduced by 18Y0. Toward the end of the program, a Second Generation gas injection system was installed. Higher injector gas pressures were used that eliminated the need for flue gas recirculationas used in the first generation design. The Second Generation GR resulted in similar NOXreduction performance as that for the First Generation. With an improvement in the LNBperformance in combination with the new gas injection system, the reburn gas could bereduced to 12.5% of the total boiler heat input to achieve al 64?40 reduction in NO, emissions. In addition, the OFA injectors were modified to provide for better mixing tolower CO emissions.

Download or read book Evaluation of Gas Reburning Low NOx Burners on a Wall Fired Boiler Performance and Economics Report Gas Reburning Low NOx Burner System Cherokee Station Unit 3 Public Service Company of Colorado written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology Program (Round 3), a project was completed to demonstrate control of boiler NOX emissions and to a lesser degree, due to coal replacement, SO2 emissions. The project involved combining Gas Reburning with Low NOX Burners (GR-LNB) on a coal-fired electric utility boiler to determine if high levels of NOX reduction (70%) could be achieved. Sponsors of the project included the U.S. Department of Energy, the Gas Research Institute, Public Service Company of Colorado, Colorado Interstate Gas, Electric Power Research Institute, and the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation. The GR-LNB demonstration was performed on Public Service Company of Colorado's (PSCO) Cherokee Unit #3, located in Denver, Colorado. This unit is a 172 MW~ wall-fired boiler that uses Colorado Bituminous, low-sulfur coal. It had a baseline NOX emission level of 0.73 lb/106 Btu using conventional burners. Low NOX burners are designed to yield lower NOX emissions than conventional burners. However, the NOX control achieved with this technique is limited to 30-50%. Also, with LNBs, CO emissions can increase to above acceptable standards. Gas Reburning (GR) is designed to reduce NOX in the flue gas by staged fuel combustion. This technology involves the introduction of natural gas into the hot furnace flue gas stream. When combined, GR and LNBs minimize NOX emissions and maintain acceptable levels of CO emissions. A comprehensive test program was completed, operating over a wide range of boiler conditions. Over 4,000 hours of operation were achieved, providing substantial data. Measurements were taken to quantify reductions in NOX emissions, the impact on boiler equipment and operability and factors influencing costs. The GR-LNB technology achieved good NOX emission reductions and the goals of the project were achieved. Although the performance of the low NOX burners (supplied by others) was less than expected, a NOX reduction of 65% was achieved at an average gas heat input of 18Y0. The performance goal of 70% reduction was met on many test runs, but at a higher reburn gas heat input. S02 emissions, based on coal replacement, were reduced by 18Y0. The performance goal of 70% reduction was met on many test runs, but at a higher reburn gas heat input. S02 emissions, based on coal replacement, were reduced by 18Y0. Toward the end of the program, a Second Generation gas injection system was installed. Higher injector gas pressures were used that eliminated the need for flue gas recirculation as used in the first generation design. The Second Generation GR resulted in similar NOX reduction performance as that for the First Generation. With an improvement in the LNB performance in combination with the new gas injection system, the reburn gas could be reduced to 12.5% of the total boiler heat input to achieve al 64?40 reduction in NO, emissions. In addition, the OFA injectors were modified to provide for better mixing to lower CO emissions.

Download or read book A Study of NO subscript X Reduction by Fuel Injection Recirculation Final Report January 1995 June 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flue-gas recirculation (FGR) is a well-known method used to control oxides of nitrogen (NO(subscript x)) in industrial burner applications. Recent small- and large-scale experiments in natural-gas fired boilers have shown that introducing the recirculated flue gases with the fuel results in a much greater reduction in NO(subscript x), per unit mass of gas recirculated, in comparison to introducing the flue gases with the combustion air. That fuel injection recirculation (FIR) is more effective than windbox FGR is quite remarkable. At present, however, there is no definitive understanding of why FIR is more effective than conventional FGR. The objective of the present investigation is to ascertain whether or not chemical and/or molecular transport effects alone can explain the differences in NO(subscript x) reduction observed between FIR and FGR by studying laminar diffusion flames. The purpose of studying laminar flames is to isolate chemical effects from the effects of turbulent mixing and heat transfer, which are inherent in practical boilers. The results of both the numerical simulations and the experiments suggest that, although molecular transport and chemical kinetic phenomena are affected by the location of diluent addition depending on flow conditions, the greater effectiveness of FIR over FGR in practical applications may result from differences in turbulent mixing and heat transfer. Further research is required to understand how differences in diluent-addition location affect NO(subscript x) production in turbulent flames. The present study, however, provides an underlying basis for understanding how flow conditions can affect flame chemistry. 51 figs., 7 tabs.

Download or read book Full scale Demonstration Low NO subscript X Cell trademark Burner Retrofit Quarterly Report No 4 July 1 1991 September 30 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objectives of the full-Scale Low-NOx Cell{trademark} Burner (LNCB{trademark}) Retrofit project is to demonstrate the cost-effective reduction of NOx generated by a large, base-loaded (70% capacity factor or greater), coal-fired utility boiler. Specific objectives include: (1) At least 50% NOx reduction over standard two-nozzle cell burners, without degradation of boiler performance or life; (2) acquire and evaluate emission and boiler performance data before and after the retrofit to determine NOx reduction and impact on overall boiler performance; (3) demonstrate that the LNCB{trademark} retrofits are the most cost-effective alternative to emerging, or commercially-available NOx control technology for units equipped with cell burners. The focus of this demonstration is to determine maximum NOx reduction capabilities without adversely impacting plant performance, operation and maintenance.

Download or read book Industrial Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators written by V. Ganapathy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-10-16 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with over 225 boiler/HRSG operation and design problems, this book covers steam generators and related systems used in process plants, refineries, chemical plants, electrical utilities, and other industrial settings. Emphasizing the thermal engineering aspects, the author provides information on the design and performance of steam generators

Download or read book Developments in Combustion Technology written by Konstantinos Kyprianidis and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, exciting developments have taken place in the field of combustion technology. The present edited volume intends to cover recent developments and provide a broad perspective of the key challenges that characterize the field. The target audience for this book includes engineers involved in combustion system design, operational planning and maintenance. Manufacturers and combustion technology researchers will also benefit from the timely and accurate information provided in this work. The volume is organized into five main sections comprising 15 chapters overall: - Coal and Biofuel Combustion - Waste Combustion - Combustion and Biofuels in Reciprocating Engines - Chemical Looping and Catalysis - Fundamental and Emerging Topics in Combustion Technology

Download or read book Hydrogen Technology written by Aline Léon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-18 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aline Leon ́ In the last years, public attention was increasingly shifted by the media and world governmentsto the conceptsof saving energy,reducingpollution,protectingthe - vironment, and developing long-term energy supply solutions. In parallel, research funding relating to alternative fuels and energy carriers is increasing on both - tional and international levels. Why has future energy supply become such a matter of concern? The reasons are the problems created by the world’s current energy supply s- tem which is mainly based on fossil fuels. In fact, the energystored in hydrocarb- based solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels was, is, and will be widely consumed for internal combustion engine-based transportation, for electricity and heat generation in residential and industrial sectors, and for the production of fertilizers in agric- ture, as it is convenient, abundant, and cheap. However, such a widespread use of fossil fuels by a constantly growing world population (from 2. 3 billion in 1939 to 6. 5 billion in 2006) gives rise to the two problems of oil supply and environmental degradation. The problemrelated to oil supply is caused by the fact that fossil fuels are not - newable primary energy sources: This means that since the rst barrel of petroleum has been pumped out from the ground, we have been exhausting a heritage given by nature.

Download or read book Industrial and Process Furnaces written by Barrie Jenkins and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Furnaces sit at the core of all branches of manufacture and industry, so it is vital that these are designed and operated safely and effi-ciently. This reference provides all of the furnace theory needed to ensure that this can be executed successfully on an industrial scale. Industrial and Process Furnaces: Principles, 2nd Edition provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of furnace operation and design, including topics essential for process engineers and operators to better understand furnaces. This includes: the combustion process and its control, furnace fuels, efficiency, burner design and selection, aerodynamics, heat release profiles, furnace atmosphere, safety and emissions. These elements and more are brought together to illustrate how to achieve optimum design and operation, with real-world case studies to showcase their application. - Up-to-date and comprehensive reference encompassing not only best practice of operation but the essential elements of furnace theory and design, essential to anyone working with furnaces, ovens and combustion-based systems. - More case studies, more worked examples. - New material in this second edition includes further application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), with additional content on flames and burners, costs, efficiencies and future trends.

Download or read book Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gases written by Zhongchao Tan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook discusses engineering principles relating to air pollution and greenhouse gases (GHGs); it focuses on engineering principles and designs of related devices and equipment for air emission control for a variety of industries such as energy, chemical, and transportation industries. The book aims primarily at senior undergraduate and graduate students in mechanical, chemical and/or environmental engineering departments; it can also be used as a reference book by technical staff and design engineers who are interested in and need to have technical knowledge in air pollution and GHGs. The book is motivated by recent rapid advances in air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and their control technologies. In addition to classic topics related to air pollution, this book is also featured with emerging topics related to air pollution and GHGs. It covers recent advances in engineering approaches to the reduction of GHG emissions including, but are not limited to, green energy technologies and carbon sequestration and storage. It also introduces an emerging topic in air pollution, which is referred to as Nano Air Pollution. It is a growing concern in air pollution, but largely missing in similar books, likely because of recent rapid advances in nanotechnology has outpaced the advances in nano air pollution control.

Download or read book Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems written by Thomas B. Reed and published by Biomass Energy Foundation. This book was released on 1988 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Temperature Air Combustion written by Hiroshi Tsuji and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-12-03 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximize efficiency and minimize pollution: the breakthrough technology of high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) holds the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional combustion and allow engineers to finally meet this long-standing imperative. Research has shown that HiTAC technology can provide simultaneous reduction of CO2 and nitric

Download or read book Combustion and Gasification in Fluidized Beds written by Prabir Basu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-02-17 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Besides being one of the best Clean Coal Technologies, fluidized beds are also proving to be the most practical option for biomass conversion. Although the technology is well established, the field lacks a comprehensive guide to the design and operating principles of fluidized bed boilers and gasifiers. With more than 30 years of research and indus