Download or read book Evaluation of Freight Truck Anti idling Strategies for Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Po-Yao Kuo and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: strategy, greenhouse gas, GHG, emission, real-world conditions, shore-power, anti-idling, extended idling, stop, best practice, fuel, energy, reduction, driver, freight, truck, long-haul, idling, auxiliary power unit, engine, diesel.

Download or read book Evaluation of Freight Truck Anti Idling Strategies for Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is important to identify ways to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in order to combat climate change. Freight trucks emit 5.5 percent of U.S. GHG emissions and one of key sources is long-haul sleeper cab truck engine idling. Some anti-idling strategies, such as auxiliary power unit (APU) and shore-power (SP), have been developed. The objective of this study is to assess the anti-idling techniques taking into account variability in of real-world; to develop a new methodology for measurement and evaluation of such techniques; and to obtain new data. Anti-idling techniques as well as other strategies are assessed based on literature review. For robust assessment for specific situation, a methodology for quantifying real-world truck stop activities and fuel use and emission rates for the base engine and anti-idling techniques is developed. Quantified data are used to estimate avoided fuel use and emissions. Thirty-three potential best practices for freight trucks are assessed. These practices could lead to 28 percent reduction of GHG emissions from 2003 to 2025. Some practices were estimated to have net cost savings concurrent with substantial GHG emission reductions. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the effects of variability and uncertainty; for example, for APUs GHG emission reductions could vary from 0 to 5 percent. In order to more accurately assess the impact of APUs and SP, a detailed field study was executed. A new methodology was developed to estimate real-world fuel use and emissions of twenty APU-equipped and SP-compatible trucks, divided equally between single drivers and team drivers. Single drivers had 1,520 hours of rest stops per year, which were comparable to the literature estimates but more than those for team drivers. APUs for single and team drivers accounted for 59 and 25 percent, respectively, of idling hours. For two trucks, APUs accounted for 85 percent of idling hours. Double-dipping, which is simultaneous usage of the base engine.

Download or read book Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-10-19 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP), a cooperative research and development partnership formed by four federal agencies with 15 industrial partners, was launched in the year 2000 with high hopes that it would dramatically advance the technologies used in trucks and buses, yielding a cleaner, safer, more efficient generation of vehicles. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership critically examines and comments on the overall adequacy and balance of the 21CTP. The book reviews how well the program has accomplished its goals, evaluates progress in the program, and makes recommendations to improve the likelihood of the Partnership meeting its goals. Key recommendations of the book include that the 21CTP should be continued, but the future program should be revised and better balanced. A clearer goal setting strategy should be developed, and the goals should be clearly stated in measurable engineering terms and reviewed periodically so as to be based on the available funds.

Download or read book Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles Phase Two written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.

Download or read book Smart Charging and Anti Idling Systems written by Yanjun Huang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As public attention on energy conservation and emission reduction has increased in recent years, engine idling has become a growing concern due to its low efficiency and high emissions. Service vehicles equipped with auxiliary systems, such as refrigeration, air conditioning, PCs, and electronics, usually have to idle to power them. The number of service vehicles (e.g. public-school-tour buses, delivery-refrigerator trucks, police cars, ambulances, armed vehicles, firefighter vehicles) is increasing significantly with tremendous social development. Therefore, introducing new anti-idling solutions is inevitably vital for controlling energy unsustainability and poor air quality. There are a few books about the idling disadvantages and anti-idling solutions. Most of them are more concerned with different anti-idling technologies and their effects on the society rather than elaborating an anti-idling system design considering different applications and limitations. There is still much room to improve existing anti-idling technologies and products. In this book, we took a service vehicle, refrigerator truck, as an example to demonstrate the whole process of designing, optimizing, controlling, and developing a smart charging system for the anti-idling purpose. The proposed system cannot only electrify the auxiliary systems to achieve anti-idling, but also utilize the concepts of regenerative braking and optimal charging strategy to arrive at an optimum solution. Necessary tools, algorithms, and methods are illustrated and the benefits of the optimal anti-idling solution are evaluated.

Download or read book Guide to Deploying Clean Truck Freight Strategies written by Louis Harold Browning and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guide to Deploying Clean Truck Freight Strategies provides decision makers with a guide to assist in the potential deployment of fuel-efficient and lowemission truck freight strategies. The guide includes an analytical tool and a user manual to identify and evaluate appropriate strategies that can be deployed at the state, regional, and local levels. The guide will allow transportation practitioners to encourage the best use of the technological, operational, and infrastructure investment alternatives that mitigate truck freight impacts on criteria air pollutants, fuel efficiency, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Download or read book Improving Truck Efficiency and Reducing Idling written by Kevin Downing and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 2009 the 75th Oregon Legislative Assembly enacted House Bill 2186, directing the Department of Environmental Quality to conduct a study of potential requirements regarding the maintenance or retrofitting of medium- and heavy-duty trucks in order to reduce aerodynamic drag and greenhouse gas emissions from those trucks. As part of the study, the department was also directed to study potential restrictions on engine use by parked commercial vehicles, including but not limited to medium- and heavy-duty trucks. These particular issues were among those identified earlier as recommended strategies to address climate change by the Governor‘s Task Force on Global Warming in 2006. Specifically the Task Force recommended that the state set and meet goals for reduced truck idling at truck and safety stops, and set and meet goals for freight (truck/rail) transportation efficiency; achieve this through equipment coordination and land use"--Preliminary page.

Download or read book Operational and Vehicular Strategies for Reducing Fuel Consumption and GHG Emissions from Trucking written by Melissa Renee Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is becoming increasingly important in the United States, and new legislation can be expected in the near future that will affect trucks either directly or indirectly. This work is a qualitative examination of operational strategies for reducing fuel consumption from freight trucking, and also compares them with vehicular strategies. A focus is placed on who implements, benefits from, and pays for each strategy, and what type of trucking each strategy is applicable to.

Download or read book Idling Reduction for Long Haul Trucks written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing the idling of long-haul heavy-duty trucks has long been recognized as a particularly low-hanging fruit of fuel efficiency and emissions reduction. The displacement of about 10 hours of diesel idling every day, for most days of the year, for as many as a million long-haul trucks has very clear benefits. This report considers the costs and return on investment (ROI) for idling reduction (IR) equipment for both truck owners and electrified parking space (EPS) equipment owners. For the truck owners, the key variables examined are idling hours to be displaced (generally 1,000 to 2,000 hours per year) and the price of fuel ($0 to $5/gal). The ideal IR option would provide complete services in varied climates in any location and offer the best ROI on trucks that log many idling hours. For trucks that have fewer idling hours, options with a fixed cost per hour (i.e., EPS) might be most attractive if they were available to all, or even most, truck drivers. EPS, however, is particularly cost effective for trucks on prescribed routes with a need for regular, extended stops at terminals. (EPS is also called truck stop electrification, or TSE.) The analysis shows that all IR options save money when fuel costs more than $2/gal. For trucks requiring bunk heat, a simple heater (plug-in or diesel) is almost always the most costeffective way to provide heat, even if the truck is equipped with an auxiliary power unit (APU) or is parked at a single-system EPS location. For trucks requiring bunk air-conditioning, the use of single-system EPS is most cost effective for those logging fewer idling hours. Even for trucks with higher idling hours, the cost of EPS may be about the same as that for on-board air-conditioning. Clearly, trucks' locations and seasonal factors--and the availability of EPS-- are significant in the choice of "best fit" IR equipment for truck owners. This report also considers costs and payback for owners of EPS infrastructure. An industry that 5 years ago had at least five players has been narrowed to two companies--one in single-system EPS (IdleAir) and the other in dual-system EPS (Shorepower Technologies). Use of EPS by truck drivers has not met initial expectations for a variety of reasons. One area where EPS has particular promise, however, is in the cost-effective provision of reliable air-conditioning. This analysis is focused strictly on cost and fuel savings; it does not consider the important benefits of reduced emissions (i.e., greenhouse gases and criteria pollutants). It is important to note that all IR options provide some emissions benefits. Even where an IR option may not have a rapid ROI, the emissions-reduction benefit may be considerable. Finally, as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) set stricter standards to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the fuel efficiency of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, the emissions benefits of IR strategies will become increasingly important.

Download or read book Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling written by Christopher Porter and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 909: Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling explores methods, procedures, and data sets needed to capture commercial vehicle activity, vehicle characteristics, and operations to assist in estimating and forecasting criteria pollutants, air toxics, and greenhouse gas emissions from goods and services movement. Goods movement is a vital part of the national economy, with freight movement growing faster than passenger travel. The growth in freight traffic is contributing to urban congestion, resulting in hours of delay, increased shipping costs, wasted fuel, and greater emissions of greenhouse gas and criteria pollutants. The limited national data on urban goods movement are insufficient for a thorough understanding of the characteristics of the trucks operating in metropolitan areas and the complex logistical chains that they serve. For instance, there are at least three different segments of urban freight--long haul, drayage, and pickup and delivery. It is believed that truck fleet characteristics differ between the segments, but only local registration data exist at a level of detail needed to support regional transportation plans, transportation improvement plans, and state implementation plans. The lack of data on all types of commercial trucks affects model estimation and results in inaccurate base year emissions inventories, limiting the ability to design and implement effective policies to reduce freight-related emissions. NCHRP Research Report 909 enumerates various sources of truck data and how they can be obtained and used to support emissions modeling.

Download or read book Goods Movement Life Cycle Assessment for Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goals written by Matthew J. Nahlik and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation of effective policies to reduce emissions from goods movement should consider local and remote life cycle effects as well as barriers for mode shifting. Using uni- and multimodal freight movements by truck, rail, and ocean-going vessel (OGV) associated with California, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is developed to estimate the local and remote emissions that occur from freight activity inside and associated with the state. Long-run average per tonne-kilometer results show that OGVs emit the fewest emissions, followed by rail, then trucks, and that the inclusion of life cycle processes can increase impacts by up to 32% for energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and 4,200% for conventional air pollutants. Efforts to reduce emissions through mode shifting should recognize that infrastructure and market configurations may be inimical to mode substitution. A uni- and multimodal shipping emissions assessment is developed for intrastate and California-associated freight movements to illustrate the life cycle impacts of typical trips for certain types of goods. When targeting GHG reductions in California, it should be recognized that heavy-duty trucks are responsible for 99% of intrastate goods movement emissions. An assessment of future freight truck technology improvements is performed to estimate the effectiveness of strategies to meet 2050 GHG reduction goals. Whereas aggressive improvements in fuel economy coupled with alternative vehicles and fuels can significantly reduce GHG emissions, to meet 2050 goals will likely require zero carbon emission vehicle technology. The value of using LCA in GHG reduction policy for transportation systems is explored.

Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium and Heavy Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.

Download or read book Handbook on Applying Environmental Benchmarking in Freight Transportation written by Laurence O'Rourke and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "NCFRP Report 21: Handbook on Applying Environmental Benchmarking in Freight Transportation identifies and evaluates approaches that can be used by public and private entities to estimate, monitor, and reduce freight emissions and impacts across the supply chain by examining how benchmarking can be used as a management tool in the freight and logistics industry to promote environmental performance. The handbook provides a step-by-step overview of the benchmarking process and describes a framework for applying this process to freight carriers, shippers, and freight hubs"--Foreword.

Download or read book Synthesis of Freight Research in Urban Transportation Planning written by Genevieve Giuliano and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP) Report 23: Synthesis of Freight Research in Urban Transportation Planning explores policies and practices for managing freight activity in metropolitan areas. The primary focus of the report is on "last-mile/first-mile" strategies, but it also addresses strategies affecting environmental issues and trading hubs or nodes. The research used to develop the report looked beyond the United States--mostly, but not exclusively' in Europe and the European BESTUFS (Best Urban Freight Solutions) program--for potentially relevant policies and practices that could be used in the United States"--Publication info.

Download or read book Modeling of GHG Mitigation Strategies in the Trucking Sector written by Sebastian E. Guerrero and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the growing climate change problem, many governments around the world are seeking ways to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of various sectors of the economy. The trucking sector is important in meeting this challenge in the US because it is responsible for a share of emissions that is significant and rapidly growing. For governments to intervene in this sector smartly, they need models that capture its key incentives, constraints and dynamics, while making the most out of the limited data available. However, existing models fall short of this ideal. This dissertation first introduces the Trucking Sector Optimization Model (TSO) as a tool for studying the decisions that carriers and shippers make within a short-run time horizon--modeling the dynamics of truck fleets, penetration rate of Fuel Saving Technologies (FSTs) such as aerodynamic improvements and low rolling resistance tires, and changes in the demand of trucking. In addition to estimating tailpipe GHG emissions, the model also estimates emissions from upstream fuel production sources, vehicle manufacturing, and pavement rehabilitation activities. This model is then used to evaluate the effectiveness of various incentives-based and regulation-based strategies that California's government could implement in the trucking sector to help achieve the objectives of the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32). The strategies analyzed are: fuel taxation, mileage taxation, truck purchase taxation, FST subsidies, FST regulations, increases in the allowed weight of trucks, and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard recently introduced in California. Results indicate that there presently exist significant economic incentives for carriers to invest in FSTs beyond what is currently commonplace. The correction of market mechanisms that are responsible for this apparently suboptimal behavior, would lead to significant reductions in emissions, and would also allow for incentive-based strategies to have their first-best outcomes. Without making these corrections, the regulation approach currently adopted in California, of mandating certain investments in FSTs, serves as a reasonable first-step in meeting AB 32's medium-term emissions target. However, moving forward, the correction of these market mechanisms and subsequent implementation of incentives-based strategies, particularly those that are complementary with each other, should be a priority. Based on their estimated effectiveness, these and other recommendations are articulated in a seven-step plan for reducing trucking related emissions in the state. The remaining chapters of this work study some long-run factors that affect how carriers manage their fleets and invest in FSTs, in particular considering that they often discount heavily the future because of the existence of various market failures, hidden costs and uncertainties in the industry. The nature of these issues is not investigated deeply in this research, but their effect on carriers is captured by parameterizing the level of discounting in an improved model called the Trucking Sector Trip Segmentation Model (TSTS). This model represents the long-term decisions made in this sector better than the TSO model by: (i) modeling endogenously how trucks are utilized throughout their service-lives, and (ii) capturing some heterogeneity in truck retirements. The first of these improvements is made possible by incorporating information on the performance of trucking (the ability of carriers to complete shipments) and on the spatial distribution of shipment demand. The second of these improvements is made possible by assuming that truck retirements follow a log-logistic function. Combining both of these methodological improvements with a parameterized discount rate provides analysts a more flexible model for studying the long-term decisions made in the trucking sector, especially regarding FST investments, which impact greatly emissions and costs. The TSTS model is then used to evaluate the effectiveness of three additional governmental interventions that reduce GHG emissions, which could not have been studied with the TSO model. Improvements in trucking performance--by reducing congestion or shipment waiting times for example--were found to significantly incentivize investments in FSTs and reduce GHG emissions. However, 40 - 50% of these reductions were offset in the aggregate by increases in the demand for shipments precipitated by the lower market prices of trucking. Mode-shifts were also found to incentivize investments in FSTs because they distort the spatial distribution of shipments in ways that favor making greater capital investments because trucks are used more intensely and retired quicker. And finally, implementing FST regulations that only apply to a subset of the truck fleet (as in California currently) also reduces emissions, but incentivizes other changes in how the industry operates. The TSO model is best suited for studying the dynamics and transitions of truck fleets in response to governmental interventions, while the TSTS model is best suited for studying long-run responses. Together, they allow policy makers and researchers to study a wide range of issues in the trucking sector, considering many interactions and responses that had not been adequately explored previously. They also share a rich theoretical framework that can be used in future research to develop better models of this sector, especially to help design interventions that have environmental objectives.

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

Download or read book Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicles Phase Two written by Committee on Assessment of Technologies and Approaches for Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- And Heavy-Duty Vehicles Phase Two and published by . This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles," or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. "Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two" is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, "Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles." That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. This report comprises the first periodic, five-year follow-on to the 2010 report. "Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two" reviews NHTSA fuel consumption regulations and considers the technological, market and regulatory factors that may be of relevance to a revised and updated regulatory regime taking effect for model years 2019-2022. The report analyzes and provides options for improvements to the certification and compliance procedures for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles; reviews an updated analysis of the makeup and characterization of the medium- and heavy-duty truck fleet; examines the barriers to and the potential applications of natural gas in class 2b through class 8 vehicles; and addresses uncertainties and performs sensitivity analyses for the fuel consumption and cost/benefit estimates.