Download or read book Evaluation of electrolytic leakage chlorophyll fluorescence and ultrastructural techniques for detecting effects of acid mist on frost hardiness of Sitka spruce shoots written by A. Wulff and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two grafted clones (141, DF) of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis L.) were exposed to acid mist containing 1.6 and 0.1 mol m(-3) concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, H+ and SO42- at pHs 2.5 and 5.0, respectively in open-top chambers for 27 weeks from May to November. In late November, needle and shoot samples were collected for microscopy and frost hardiness assessments. Electrolyte leakage, ultrastructural observations and chlorophyll fluorescence methods showed that clone 141 was more host hardy than clone DF. Ultrastructural observations indicated that both clones treated with acid mist were in a more advanced state of hardening compared with controls. Chlorophyll fluorescence and electrolyte leakage data were not always in agreement, confirming that these two methods assess different physiological processes which are not equally sensitive to acid mist or freezing temperatures. Measurements of electrolyte leakage showed a significant effect of acid mist and clone on the shoots' ability to withstand sub-zero temperatures. Chlorophyll fluorescence, as assessed by the F-v/F-m ratio, measured post-freezing, showed that the activity of photosystem II is less sensitive to acid mist than the plasmalemma. The results demonstrate that the F-v/F-m ratio cannot be used as a substitute for electrolyte leakage in establishing differences in effects of acid mist on freezing injury.
Download or read book Practical Applications of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Plant Biology written by Jennifer R. DeEll and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technique of chlorophyll fluorescence has a relatively short history, beginning with the observations by Kautsky (Kautsky and Hirsch, 1931). Since that time there have been several· reviews devoted to the subject, with most of them highly theoretical (Bohlar-Nordenkampf and Oquist, 1993; Dau, 1994; Schreiber et aI. , 1994). There have also been many books devoted to generalized spectrophotometric and microscopic fluorescence techniques. However, to the best of our knowledge there has not been a book completely devoted to the practical applications and uses of chlorophyll fluorescence in plant biology. As techniques mature, applications multiply and so do their potential advantages. The chlorophyll fluorescence technique is maturing as can be seen in the increasing numbers of publications that are devoted to its use. Therefore, we considered that now was a good time to compile the existing knowledge for the applied use of this technique and provide a single volume to which a novice or experienced user could refer. Highly trained experts in the field of photobiology have primarily used the chlorophyll fluorescence technique in the past. In that work, understanding the mechanisms and controls of the photosynthetic processes was the main focus of activity and discussion. Much of the equipment used was highly specialized and expensive, or in some cases one-of-a-kind lab designed units. However, the development of several reliable commercially available chlorophyll fluorescence monitoring instruments has changed the potential user base for the technique.
Download or read book Report of the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pathological and Regenerative Plant Anatomy written by Siegfried Fink and published by Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung. This book was released on 1999 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthy plants are not only the aim of all gardeners, farmers, and foresters, but they also are the principal study object of plant biologists. However, it is only the stressed, injured, or diseased plant which exhibits the full range of possible structural and functional responses to challenges by harmful abiotic or biotic stimuli, consisting of highly variable forms of degeneration, adaptation, defense, or regeneration. In medicine, books on diseases are obviously much more numerous than books on healthy humans; in botany, by comparison, books on injured and diseased plants are much rarer. The present text tries to comprehend the current status of our knowledge of the possible structural changes in plants suffering from, e.g., genetic disorders, mechanical stresses, injuries, frost, heat, drought and mineral deficiencies and excesses, air pollutants, viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasitic vascular plants, nematodes, or insects. Almost 75 years after the last edition of Ernst Küster's book on Pathological Plant Anatomy (Pathologische Pflanzenanatomie), this is the first modern compilation of pathological plant anatomy. With more than 7000 references it covers the most relevant literature, including many older publications which have nearly fallen into oblivion, though they contain valuable and still unsurpassed information.
Download or read book Pathological and Regenerative Plant Anatomy written by Dr. Siegfried Fink and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photosynthesis Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 2184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conifer Cold Hardiness written by F.J. Bigras and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conifer Cold Hardiness provides an up-to-date synthesis by leading scientists in the study of the major physiological and environmental factors regulating cold hardiness of conifer tree species. This state-of-the-art reference comprehensively explains current understanding of conifer cold hardiness ranging from the gene to the globe and from the highly applied to the very basic. Topics addressed encompass cold hardiness from the perspectives of ecology, ecophysiology, acclimation and deacclimation, seedling production and reforestation, the impacts of biotic and abiotic factors, and methods for studying and analyzing cold hardiness. The content is relevant to geneticists, ecologists, stress physiologists, environmental and global change scientists, pathologists, advanced nursery and silvicultural practitioners, and graduate students involved in plant biology, plant physiology, horticulture and forestry with an interest in cold hardiness.
Download or read book Root Ecology written by Hans de Kroon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-05-21 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the course of evolution, a great variety of root systems have learned to overcome the many physical, biochemical and biological problems brought about by soil. This development has made them a fascinating object of scientific study. This volume gives an overview of how roots have adapted to the soil environment and which roles they play in the soil ecosystem. The text describes the form and function of roots, their temporal and spatial distribution, and their turnover rate in various ecosystems. Subsequently, a physiological background is provided for basic functions, such as carbon acquisition, water and solute movement, and for their responses to three major abiotic stresses, i.e. hard soil structure, drought and flooding. The volume concludes with the interactions of roots with other organisms of the complex soil ecosystem, including symbiosis, competition, and the function of roots as a food source.
Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Norway Spruce written by Mark G. Tjoelker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise and comprehensive review of the biology, ecology, and management of Norway spruce. Written by 25 experts in the field, and richly illustrated, it integrates classic and contemporary literature. More than 2000 works are cited in the text, which highlights basic research and forestry practices in central and Eastern Europe. The huge range of topics covered includes the species’ morphology, its physiology and nutrition, and its ecology.
Download or read book Crop Stress and its Management Perspectives and Strategies written by B. Venkateswarlu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.
Download or read book Protocols in Lichenology written by Ilse Kranner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an intricate association between a fungus and one or more green algae or cyanobacteria, lichens are one of the most successful examples of symbiosis. These fascinating organisms survive extreme desiccation and temperatures. They are adapted to a great variety of habitats, from deserts to intertidal zones, from tropical rain forests to the peaks of the Himalayas and to circumpolar ecosystems. Lichens are extremely efficient accumulators of atmospherically deposited pollutants, and are therefore widely used to monitor environmental pollution. Their wide range of secondary products show pharmaceutically interesting fungicidal, antibacterial and antiviral properties. Lichens are extremely difficult to culture. This manual provides well-tested tissue culture protocols, protocols for studying lichen ultrastructure, (eco)physiology, primary and secondary compounds, and for using lichens as bioindicators.
Download or read book Heavy Metal Stress in Plants written by M.N.V. Prasad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy metal phytotoxicity has been known for more than a century. However, research in the past years has confirmed the immense damage by metal pollution to plants, the soil and ultimately to humans. By reviewing both field and laboratory work, this book deals with the various functional and ecological aspects of heavy metal stress on plants and outlines the scope for future research and the possibilities for remediation.
Download or read book Plant Cryopreservation A Practical Guide written by Barbara B.M. Reed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryopreservation has proven to be an important tool for the storage and conservation of plant genetic resources. This book is a unique resource for plant scientists, providing more than 100 ready-to-use cryopreservation protocols for plant types from algae and bryophytes to a range of flowering plants. It includes techniques for diverse plant parts such as dormant buds, pollen, and apical meristems and for cell types such as suspension and callus cultures.
Download or read book In Vitro Culture of Trees written by J.M. Bonga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woody plants provide many challenges to the tissue culturist. Although there are many excellent tissue culture books and manuals available, these are generally strongly biased towards herbacious crops. Consequently, they often do not pay sufficient attention to the problems that specifically apply to in vitro culture of tree species. Culture of the latter often poses problems which are either absent or of lesser significance when culturing herbacious species. When trees in the field are used as explant source, the problems can be especially severe. For example, the physiological condition of the explants is difficult to control because of variation in weather and biotic factors. Furthermore, it is often difficult to obtain explants free of contaminants from field grown trees. Lack of genetic uniformity and maturation are additional problems one often has to deal with when culturing tree cells or tissues. These problems are emphasized in this text. In vitro culture of trees is not viewed in isolation. It is considered in conjunction with breeding, traditional cloning and other common tree improvement techniques. The text discusses theoretical as well as practical aspects of the in vitro culture of trees.
Download or read book Wood Production Wood Technology and Biotechnological Impacts written by Ursula Kües and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2007 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the year 2001, Prof. Dr. Ursula Kües was appointed at the Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology of the Georg-August-University Göttingen to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology endowed by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU). Her group studies higher fungi in basic and applied research. Research foci are on mushroom development and on fungal enzymes degrading wood and their applications in wood biotechnology. This book has been edited to thank the DBU for all support given to the chair Molecular Wood Biotechnology. Contributions to the book are from scientists from Göttingen recognised in different fields of forestry and wood science. Chapters presented by members of the group Molecular Wood Biotechnology introduces into their areas of research. The book is designed for interested students of wood biology and wood technology but will also address scientists in the field.
Download or read book Resource Physiology of Conifers written by William K. Smith and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coniferous forests are among the most important of ecosystems. These forests are widespread and influence both the financial and biological health of our globe. This book focuses attention on conifers and how these trees acquire, allocate, and utilize the resources that sustain this crucial productivity. An international team of experts has surveyed and synthesized information from an expanding area of inquiry. The first half of the book describes how resources are acquired both by means of photosynthesis and through root systems. The latter half of the volume focuses upon how resources are stored and used. As conifers continue as a resource and ever increasingly important contributor to the regional and global environmental sustainability, this book will help establish how much sustainability can be expected and maintained.
