Download or read book Evaluation of Efficiency Activities in the Industrial Sector Undertaken in Response to Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Targets written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Greenhouse Gas Protocol written by and published by World Business Pub.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
Download or read book Climate Change 2014 written by Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Experience with Key Program Elements of IndustrialEnergy Efficiency Or Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Target SettingPrograms written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Target-setting agreements, also known as voluntary ornegotiated agreements, have been used by a number of governments as amechanism for promoting energy efficiency within the industrial sector. Arecent survey of such target-setting agreement programs identified 23energy efficiency or GHG emissions reduction voluntary agreement programsin 18 countries. International best practice related to target-settingagreement programs calls for establishment of a coordinated set ofpolicies that provide strong economic incentives as well as technical andfinancial support to participating industries. The key program elementsof a target-setting program are the target-setting process, identification of energy-saving technologies and measures usingenergy-energy efficiency guidebooks and benchmarking as well as byconducting energy-efficiency audits, development of an energy-savingsaction plan, development and implementation of energy managementprotocols, development of incentives and supporting policies, monitoringprogress toward targets, and program evaluation. This report firstprovides a description of three key target-setting agreement programs andthen describes international experience with the key program elementsthat comprise such programs using information from the three keytarget-setting programs as well as from other international programsrelated to industrial energy efficiency or GHG emissionsreductions.
Download or read book Greenhouse Emission Reductions and Natural Gas Vehicles written by U. S Department of Energy and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transportation sector accounts for a large and growing share of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Worldwide, motor vehicles emit well over 900 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) each year, accounting for more than 15 percent of global fossil fuel-derived CO2 emissions. In the industrialized world alone, 20-25 percent of GHG emissions come from the transportation sector. The share of transport-related emissions is growing rapidly due to the continued increase in transportation activity. In 1950, there were only 70 million cars, trucks, and buses on the world's roads. By 1994, there were about nine times that number, or 630 million vehicles. Since the early 1970s, the global fleet has been growing at a rate of 16 million vehicles per year. This expansion has been accompanied by a similar growth in fuel consumption. If this kind of linear growth continues, by the year 2025 there will be well over one billion vehicles on the world's roads. In a response to the significant growth in transportation-related GHG emissions, governments and policy makers worldwide are considering methods of addressing this trend. However, due to the particular make-up of the transportation sector, regulating and reducing emissions from this sector poses a significant challenge. Unlike stationary fuel combustion, transportation-related emissions come from dispersed sources. Only a few point-source emitters, such as oil/natural gas wells, refineries, or compressor stations, contribute to emissions related to the transportation sector. The majority of transport-related emissions come from the millions of vehicles traveling the world's roads. As a result, successful GHG mitigation policies must find ways to target all of these small, non-point source emitters, either through regulatory means or through various incentive programs. To increase their effectiveness, policies to control emissions from the transportation sector often utilize indirect means to reduce emissions, such as requiring specific technology improvements or an increase in fuel efficiency. Site-specific project activities can also be undertaken to help decrease GHG emissions, although the use of such measures is less common. These activities include switching to less GHG-intensive vehicle options, such as natural gas vehicles (NGVs). As emissions from transportation activities continue to rise, it will be necessary to promote both types of abatement activities in order to reverse the current emissions path. This Resource Guide focuses on site- and project-specific transportation activities. To date, only a few projects deploying NGV technologies have been developed and implemented with the explicit intent of reducing GHG emissions and participating in international GHG reduction initiatives. Therefore, experience with quantifying, evaluating, and verifying GHG emission reductions from natural gas vehicle projects is almost non-existent. This is a problem as there are many issues unique to the transportation sector, which should be resolved before adequate guidelines can be developed for evaluating transportation-related projects. Issues that will require further analysis and guidance include: 1. Methods for accurately estimating emission reductions for a dispersed number of sources; 2. Procedures for determining project boundaries and relevant GHG emission sources; 3. Options for minimizing transaction costs of validating, monitoring, verifying, and certifying potential emission reductions; and 4. Guidance on using a full fuel-cycle or tailpipe emission analysis to estimate project emissions. The main purpose of this manual is to provide information on quantifying and documenting GHG emission reductions from NGV projects. Moreover, to provide potential project developers with an overview of project opportunities, the manual also includes information on NGV technology cost and availability and discusses the future of the alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) industry as a whole.
Download or read book Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global climate change is one of America's most significant long-term policy challenges. Human activity-especially the use of fossil fuels, industrial processes, livestock production, waste disposal, and land use change-is affecting global average temperatures, snow and ice cover, sea-level, ocean acidity, growing seasons and precipitation patterns, ecosystems, and human health. Climate-related decisions are being carried out by almost every agency of the federal government, as well as many state and local government leaders and agencies, businesses and individual citizens. Decision makers must contend with the availability and quality of information, the efficacy of proposed solutions, the unanticipated consequences resulting from decisions, the challenge of implementing chosen actions, and must consider how to sustain the action over time and respond to new information. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change, a volume in the America's Climate Choices series, describes and assesses different activities, products, strategies, and tools for informing decision makers about climate change and helping them plan and execute effective, integrated responses. It discusses who is making decisions (on the local, state, and national levels), who should be providing information to make decisions, and how that information should be provided. It covers all levels of decision making, including international, state, and individual decision making. While most existing research has focused on the physical aspect of climate change, Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change employs theory and case study to describe the efforts undertaken so far, and to guide the development of future decision-making resources. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change offers much-needed guidance to those creating public policy and assists in implementing that policy. The information presented in this book will be invaluable to the research community, especially social scientists studying climate change; practitioners of decision-making assistance, including advocacy organizations, non-profits, and government agencies; and college-level teachers and students.
Download or read book Germany s Energy Transition written by Carol Hager and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-26 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes Germany's path-breaking Energiewende, the country's transition from an energy system based on fossil and nuclear fuels to a sustainable energy system based on renewables. The authors explain Germany's commitment to a renewable energy transition on multiple levels of governance, from the local to the European, focusing on the sources of institutional change that made the transition possible. They then place the German case in international context through comparative case studies of energy transitions in the USA, China, and Japan. These chapters highlight the multifaceted challenges, and the enormous potential, in different paths to a sustainable energy future. Taken together, they tell the story of one of the most important political, economic, and social undertakings of our time.
Download or read book Energy Efficiency Guide for Industry in Asia written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2006 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide has been developed for Asian companies who want to improve energy efficiency through Cleaner Production and for stakeholders who want to help them. It includes a methodology, case studies for more than 40 Asian companies in 5 industry sectors, technical information for 25 energy equipments, training materials, a contact and information database.--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Climate Wise written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Industrial Energy Efficiency written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2013 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gas emissions by the livestock sector could be cut by as much as 30 percent through the wider use of existing best practices and technologies. FAO conducted a detailed analysis of GHG emissions at multiple stages of various livestock supply chains, including the production and transport of animal feed, on-farm energy use, emissions from animal digestion and manure decay, as well as the post-slaughter transport, refrigeration and packaging of animal products. This report represents the most comprehensive estimate made to-date of livestocks contribution to global warming as well as the sectors potential to help tackle the problem. This publication is aimed at professionals in food and agriculture as well as policy makers.
Download or read book Voluntary Agreements for Energy Efficiency Or GHG EmissionsReduction in Industry written by Lynn Price and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Voluntary agreements for energy efficiency improvement and reduction of energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been a popular policy instrument for the industrial sector in industrialized countries since the 1990s. A number of these national-level voluntary agreement programs are now being modified and strengthened, while additional countries--including some recently industrialized and developing countries--are adopting these type of agreements in an effort to increase the energy efficiency of their industrial sectors. Voluntary agreement programs can be roughly divided into three broad categories: (1) programs that are completely voluntary, (2) programs that use the threat of future regulations or energy/GHG emissions taxes as a motivation for participation, and (3) programs that are implemented in conjunction with an existing energy/GHG emissions tax policy or with strict regulations. A variety of government-provided incentives as well as penalties are associated with these programs. This paper reviews 23 energy efficiency or GHG emissions reduction voluntary agreement programs in 18 countries, including countries in Europe, the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) and discusses preliminary lessons learned regarding program design and effectiveness. The paper notes that such agreement programs, in which companies inventory and manage their energy use and GHG emissions to meet specific reduction targets, are an essential first step towards GHG emissions trading programs.
Download or read book Potential for Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement in the Long Term written by J. de Beer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-05-31 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We need to know what opportunities there are and what limits exist to the improvement of energy efficiency, since this is the most cost-effective way to abate greenhouse gas emissions. This book presents a method whereby promising technologies can be identified and characterised that can contribute to an improvement of energy efficiency in the long term. An objective measurement of maximum improvement is provided by an analysis of the theoretical minimum specific energy demand. A descriptive inventory is then given of new and conceivable technologies that can improve efficiency, extending beyond the standard lists found in the literature. The method is applied to three main energy consuming branches of industry: paper and board, iron and steel, and nitrogen fertilizer. Each of the studies provides an in-depth analysis of the industry and an extensive survey of options for its improvement.
Download or read book The Role of Industrial Energy Efficiency and Fuel Switching as Pathways to Net zero Emissions in the Canadian Pulp and Paper Sector written by Christophe George Owttrim and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial decarbonization is a critical challenge along the pathway to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at a sufficient scale and pace to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. The intrinsic energy- and emissions-intensive nature of heavy industry has led to the recognition that efforts to change the profile of industrial energy use could play a major role in meeting this challenge. This concept, defined broadly as industrial energy efficiency, encompasses a category of technology solutions such as process improvements, equipment upgrades, and fuel switching within sector boundaries. These and other efficiency technologies are notable for their potential to lower industrial emissions while improving (rather than reducing) competitiveness. Robust analysis of the costs and benefits of efficiency as a comprehensive technology suite can help to overcome known barriers to adoption including poor awareness of efficiency opportunities and perceptions of high risk for efficiency investments. Understanding the impacts of efficiency can also be beneficial to policymakers by identifying effective emissions reduction pathways. The overall objective of this thesis is to develop a novel method for fully characterizing the techno-economic potential of industrial energy efficiency and in-sector fuel switching as solutions for energy savings and emissions reductions. This thesis demonstrates application of the method to the case study of the Canadian pulp and paper sector. To achieve the objective of this thesis, a technology-explicit energy and GHG emissions modelling and analysis framework was developed based on best practices for studies of energy efficiency and resource potential. The framework integrates a bottom-up sector energy model with a comprehensive database of energy efficiency technologies validated against data from actual projects in industry. Analysis of efficiency measures was linked to the sector energy model at the point of end-use secondary energy consumption, enabling more realistic representation of how efficiency technologies can impact final energy use. Technology-explicit applicability factors and iterative, cumulative analysis techniques were used to capture the expected impacts of measure overlap, interference, and diminishing returns so as to not overestimate the effects of all measures acting in parallel. Energy savings bandwidths and cost of saved energy curves were developed to characterize the energy savings potential associated with efficiency. Energy-driven GHG emissions abatement scenarios were then developed and analyzed within a Canada-wide energy and emissions model over a long-term planning horizon at both the sector and system level. Marginal GHG abatement cost curves were produced to provide insights into the most impactful and cost-effective technologies over the study period. The key findings of this work demonstrate that natural gas, biomass, and net electricity consumption in the Canadian pulp and paper sector could be reduced by 95%, 1%, and 41%, respectively, via adoption of economically viable efficiency technologies at current energy prices. Achieving this potential would significantly improve sector competitiveness by bringing it into alignment with international energy intensity benchmarks and by dramatically reducing energy costs. At current production levels, efficiency in the pulp and paper sector could reduce net demand for natural gas and electricity by 71 PJ/year and 44 PJ/year, respectively. Energy efficiency was also found to have significant potential as a tool for reducing GHG emissions. The annual GHG emissions abatement associated with economical efficiency measures was estimated to be 3.6 MtCO2e (46%) by 2030 and 4.9 MtCO2e (66%) by 2050 relative to business as usual. Accounting for the technical potential of all measures increases the abatement potential to 6.2 MtCO2e in 2050. Over the study period, energy efficiency was found to reduce cumulative sector GHG emissions by 107.6 MtCO2e (42%) through 2050 at a weighted average abatement cost of -$162/tCO2e. When considering system-level effects, the cumulative abatement rises by 44% to 155.6 MtCO2e through 2050. The results presented in this thesis provide a clear indication to industry and policymakers that energy efficiency could be the single most important technology solution to achieve emissions reduction targets at low or negative cost while enhancing pulp and paper sector competitiveness. The novel framework developed in this thesis can be adapted to any other jurisdiction or sector to produce similar insights. Further work is needed to determine how best to achieve the potential associated with industrial energy efficiency so that it can take a leading role in the transition to a prosperous low-carbon economy.
Download or read book Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions written by International Energy Agency and published by OECD/IEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industry accounts for about one-third of global energy demand. Most of that energy is used to produce raw materials: chemicals, iron and steel, non-metallic minerals, pulp and paper and non-ferrous metals. Just how efficiently is this energy put to work? 'Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions' shows how industrial energy efficiency has improved over the last 25 years. Yet important opportunities for additional gains remain, which is evident when the efficiencies of different countries are compared. This analysis identifies the leaders and the laggards. It explains clearly a complex issue for non-experts.
Download or read book Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases written by Barry Leonard and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003-06 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 21st century, management of municipal solid waste (MSW) continues to be an important environmental challenge facing the U.S. Climate change is also a serious issue, & the U.S. is embarking on a number of voluntary actions to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) that can intensify climate change. By presenting material-specific GHG emission factors for various waste management options, this report examines how the two issues -- MSW management & climate change -- are related. The report's findings may be used to support a variety of programs & activities, including voluntary reporting of emission reductions from waste management practices. Charts, tables & graphs.
Download or read book Developing Emission Baselines for Market Based Mechanisms a Case Study Approach written by U. S Department of Energy and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern about increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, and the potential impact of these increases on the earth's climate, has grown significantly over the past decade. This concern has led to a series of international meetings and agreements seeking to stabilize atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. In 1992, at Rio De Janeiro, the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was signed by more than 160 countries, including the United States. There was widespread agreement among the signatories on the potential negative effects of climate change under a business-as-usual future. Under the convention, the developed countries (referred to as Annex I countries) were assigned primary responsibility for addressing the climate change issue. However, between 1992 and 1997, Parties to the Convention strongly disagreed over what policy instruments should be used to curb global climate change, and what, if any, targets and timetables should be set for achieving emission reductions. A break in the negotiations occurred in late 1997. At the Third Conference of Parties1 held in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997, a series of firm emission reduction targets were agreed to by the Parties The industrialized countries agreed to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by an average of 5.2 percent from 1990 levels by 2008-2012. The U.S. agreed to limit its emissions to seven percent below 1990 levels. Since then negotiations on implementing these reductions have stalled and the Protocol has not been ratified. However, major progress in allowing the use of market mechanisms to achieve emission reduction goals occurred at Kyoto. Emissions trading and a new concept where entities can acquire credits for emission reduction activities were among the market-based mechanisms under consideration. This report is concerned exclusively with the latter. This report represents a step towards the development of protocols for the estimation of greenhouse gas emission reductions resulting from potential market mechanism projects undertaken in the power sector. It deals specifically with the difficult and complex problem of developing emission baselines for carbon offset projects. Although exchanging credits for emission reduction activities and technologies is a relatively new concept, much has already been written about it. The literature has identified and developed a number of approaches to emission baseline estimation under the market mechanism concept, and the pros and cons of each approach have been assessed and reviewed at some length (see bibliography). However, the literature has to a large extent considered baseline estimation only in the abstract. Different estimation approaches have been compared and contrasted, but, to date, few attempts have been made to apply these approaches. The primary goal of this report is to help advance the discussion of baseline estimation procedures by applying alternative estimation approaches to three hypothetical project case studies. Thus, following an analysis of the three major baseline methodologies under consideration for the market mechanisms, we apply two of these methodologies to hypothetical emission reduction projects.
