Download or read book Evaluation of Dynamic Speed Display Signs DSDS written by Edward Roderick Rose and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overall, average speeds were reduced by 9 miles per hour at the school speed zone. Elsewhere, the effect of the DSDS was less dramatic, with average speeds reduced by 5 mph or less, depending on the location tested. As expected, the influence of a DSDS was found to differ depending on how fast a motorist approached the DSDS. Those motorists traveling faster than the posted speed did appear to reduce their speed more significantly in response to the DSDS than did motorists traveling at or below the posted speed limit. The results of this project suggest that DSDS can be effective at reducing speeds in permanent applications if appropriate site conditions apply.
Download or read book Evaluation of Dynamic Speed Display Signs DSDS written by Elisabeth R. Rose and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic speed display signs (DSDS), devices that detect and display a vehicle's current speed back to the driver, have been shown to have a significant speed-reducing effect in temporary applications such as work zones or neighborhood speed watch programs. In this report, researchers examined the effectiveness of DSDS installed permanently in several locations that were experiencing speed-related problems. Seven sites were evaluated, including a school speed zone, two transition speed zones in advance of a school speed zone, two sharp horizontal curves and two approaches to signalized intersections on high-speed roadways. Data were collected before the DSDS were installed, about one week after installation to determine initial effects of the signs upon vehicle speeds, and again about four months after installation to determine how well the initial speed reductions were maintained. Researchers analyzed average speeds, 85th percentile speeds, percent of the sample exceeding the speed limit and standard deviations of the samples. Also, least square regression analyses between the speed of a vehicle upstream of the DSDS and that vehicle's speed measured again at the DSDS were performed to determine whether the sign affected higher speed vehicles more than lower speed vehicles. Overall, average speeds were reduced by 9 miles per hour at the school speed zone. Elsewhere, the effect of the DSDS was less dramatic, with average speeds reduced by 5 mph or less, depending on the location tested. As expected, the influence of a DSDS was found to differ depending on how fast a motorist approached the DSDS. Those motorists traveling faster than the posted speed did appear to reduce their speed more significantly in response to the DSDS than did motorists traveling at or below the posted speed limit. The results of this project suggest that DSDS can be effective at reducing speeds in permanent applications if appropriate site conditions apply.
Download or read book Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dynamic Speed Display Signs written by Mansoureh Jeihani Koohbanani and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the impact of dynamic speed display signs (DSDSs) on drivers' speed-related behavior. A survey questionnaire regarding attitudes and reactions to DSDSs on different road classes was distributed to Maryland drivers of different ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, the research team collected vehicle speed data upstream and downstream of the DSDS location on different corridors. The data was collected with a portable Trax Flex High Speed Counter, which records vehicles' length, speed, and number of axles as they pass over the device's tubes on the road. The speed data was collected on three roads with different speed limits: 25 mph, 35 mph, and 45 mph. Conventional statistical analysis, Bayesian network, and planned behavior theory were applied to assess the DSDS' effectiveness with reducing speed. To investigate the shortterm and long-term effects of the DSDS, the research team collected the data in different periods (few days to few months) after the installation. Furthermore, the effective distance for the DSDS was investigated. Two different sizes of the DSDS were used to find the impact of size on drivers' compliance.
Download or read book Effectiveness of Dynamic Speed Display Signs DSDS in Permanent Applications written by Gerald L. Ullman and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Dynamic Speed Feedback Signs on Freeway Interchange Ramps written by Md Shakir Mahmud and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic speed feedback signs (DSFS) are promising countermeasure to reduce curve speeds and subsequent lane departures at freeway interchange ramps, although their use in such contexts has been limited. Consequently, the impact of DSFS on driver performance at interchange ramps has remained unproven. To that end, research was performed to determine the effect of DSFS installed at freeway interchange ramps on measures of driver behavior, particularly vehicular speeds approaching and entering the ramp curve. To accomplish this objective, a series of field evaluations were conducted at six freeway interchange ramps possessing significant horizontal curvature. Several factors were tested during these evaluations, including: DSFS messaging strategy, positioning of the DSFS with respect to the start of the curve and side of the ramp, physical characteristics of the DSFS, radar detection range, interchange type, and temporal effects. Speed data were collected using one of these three techniques selected based on the site characteristics and types of data desired: 1) a series of high-definition video cameras, 2) handheld LIDAR, and 3) a speed-trailer. Several measures of effectiveness including speed at different locations, speed of drivers at different speed percentiles, and initial braking location were analyzed using appropriate regression techniques. Considering all phases of the field evaluation, it was concluded that DSFS are an effective countermeasure for reducing the speeds of vehicles approaching and entering horizontal curves on freeway exit ramps. The most critical aspect influencing the effectiveness of the DSFS as a speed reduction countermeasure was the longitudinal positioning of the sign relative to the ramp curve. Overall, the presence of a DSFS positioned near the start of the curve resulted in curve entry speeds that were, on average, 1.5 mph to 5.3 mph lower than without a DSFS present at the site. When the DSFS was present near the start of the curve, the lowest curve entry speeds were observed for cases where the feedback message activated when vehicles were within 250 to 400 ft of the start of the curve. Regarding DSFS lateral position, both the right-side-mounted and forward-mounted (i.e., ramp gore area) installations resulted in similar curve entry speeds. Furthermore, there were no discernable differences in curve entry speeds between 15-inch and 18-inch display panels, nor were speeds impacted by the inclusion of an advisory speed panel. In terms of feedback message, the most effective strategy was to display the measured speed alternating with a SLOW DOWN message. The effects on driver behavior associated with the DSFS were consistent between system interchanges and service interchanges, and across all vehicle types. The DSFS was equally effective irrespective of the mainline speed limit or ramp advisory speed. However, more pronounced speed reduction effects were observed for faster drivers (i.e., those within the highest quantiles) compared to the slower or average drivers. Furthermore, there was no evidence of temporal changes in driver behavior during the initial 14 months of operation of the permanent DSFS installation evaluated here. Finally, message activation did not show any significant effect on the speeds of mainline (i.e., non-exiting) vehicles. These findings were subsequently utilized towards the development of guidelines and recommendations for future use of DSFS at freeway interchange ramps.
Download or read book Evaluation of Dynamic Speed Feedback Signs on Curves written by Shauna L. Hallmark and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lane departure crashes are a significant safety concern. The majority of lane departure crashes occur on rural two-lane roadways, with a disproportionate number of these crashes on horizontal curves. Curve-related crashes involve a number of roadway and driver causative factors. A primary driver factor is speeding. Dynamic speed feedback sign (DSFS) systems are one method to reduce vehicle speeds and, consequently, crashes on curves. These systems show promise but they have not been fully evaluated on curves. The Center for Transportation Research and Education at Iowa State University conducted a national demonstration project to evaluate the effectiveness of two different DSFSs in reducing speed and crashes on curves at 22 total sites on rural two-lane roadways in seven States. The goal is to provide traffic safety engineers and other professionals with additional tools to manage speeds and crashes on rural horizontal curves more effectively. Data were collected before and at 1, 12, and 24 months after installation of the DSFS. On average, most sites had decreases in mean speeds, with decreases up to 10.9 miles per hour (mph) noted for both the point of curvature (PC) and center of curve (CC). Most sites experienced changes in 85th percentile speed of 3 mph or more at the PC, with the majority of sites having a decrease of 2 mph at the CC. The numbers of vehicles traveling 5, 10, 15, or 20 mph over the posted or advisory speed limit were also compared. Large reductions in the number of vehicles traveling over the posted or advisory speed occurred for all of the after periods at the PC and CC, indicating that the signs were effective in reducing high-end speeds, as well as average and 85th percentile speeds. A before-and-after crash analysis was also conducted, and crash modification factors (CMF) were developed. CMFs ranged from 0.93 to 0.95 depending on the crash type and direction of the crash.
Download or read book Offset Right turn Lanes for Improved Intersection Sight Distance written by Karen S. Schurr and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavioural Adaptation and Road Safety written by Christina Rudin-Brown and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite being an accepted construct in traffic and transport psychology, the precise nature of behavioural adaptation, including its causes and consequences, has not yet been established within the road safety community. A comprehensive collection of recent literature, Behavioural Adaptation and Road Safety: Theory, Evidence, and Action explores behavioural adaptation in road users. It examines behavioural adaptation within the context of historical and theoretical perspectives, and puts forth tangible—and practical—solutions that can effectively address adverse behavioural adaptation to road safety interventions before it occurs. Edited by Christina Rudin-Brown and Samantha Jamson, with chapters authored by leading road safety experts in driver psychology and behaviour, the book introduces the concept of behavioural adaptation and details its more relevant issues. It reviews the definition of behavioural adaptation that was put forward by the OECD in 1990 and then puts this definition through its paces, identifying where it may be lacking and how it might be improved. This sets the context for the remaining chapters which take the OECD definition as their starting points. The book discusses the various theories and models of behavioural adaptation and more general theories of driver behaviour developed during the last half century. It provides examples of the "evidence" for behavioural adaptation—instances in which behavioural adaptation arose as a consequence of the introduction of safety countermeasures. The book then focuses on the internal, "human" element and considers countermeasures that might be used to limit the development of behavioural adaptation in various road user groups. The book concludes with practical tools and methodologies to address behavioural adaptation in research and design, and to limit the potential negative effects before they happen. Supplying easy-to-understand, accessible solutions that can be implemented early on in a road safety intervention’s design or conception phase, the chapters represent the most extensive compilation of literature relating to behavioural adaptation and its consequences since the 1990 OECD report. The book brings together earlier theories of behavioural adaptation with more recent theories in the area and combines them with practical advice, methods, and tangible solutions that can minimise the potential negative impact of behavioural adaptation on road user safety and address it before it occurs. It is an essential component of any road safety library, and should be of particular relevance to researchers, practitioners, designers, and policymakers who are interested in maximizing safety while at the same time encouraging innovation and excellence in road transport-related design.
Download or read book Evaluating Dynamic Road User Feedback Systems and the Calibration of Video Tracking Data Collection Systems written by Philip Morse and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "As technology within the transportation industry develops, road users are presented with increasingly complex information. Measuring the impacts of driver feedback devices is a constant challenge for researchers and road network authorities alike. The objective of this thesis is to examine dynamic road user feedback systems and expand on automatic video-based data collection methods for evaluating these systems using new computer vision technology. This is accomplished through three different studies. First, a systematic literature review on variable message signs (VMS) is undertaken. Topics explored include a review of variable message sign study methodologies, legibility factors, operational factors and measures of effectiveness. Second, a dynamic speed display sign (DSDS), which uses many parameters measured in the first study, is evaluated in a before and after study on a low-speed arterial (30 km/h) with low traffic volumes with excessive speeding problems. Video-based data collection is used to obtain vehicle speeds. Improvements of 9.5 km/h (19.2%) for speed and 60% and 45% for fatality risks of vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-cyclist collisions are measured. Thirdly, to improve from manual annotation to automatic, the transferability of video tracking optimization between camera views for traffic data collection is evaluated. Ideal parameters are obtained through use of a genetic algorithm with a MOTA fitness function. Optimized parameters were found to transfer well under clear condition, with performance results that ranged from 88% to 98% of their maximum. However, the winter, low-visibility video, needed an entirely different set of requiring much higher computation time." --
Download or read book Evaluation of Dynamic Message Signs and Their Potential Impact on Traffic Flow written by Ali Ebadollahzadeh Haghani and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maryland State Highway Administration (SHA) has a rich data archive of the messages posted to the Dynamic Message Signs (DMS) and the time stamps when they were posted and taken down. The archive also contains traffic information surrounding the DMS signs, such as traffic volumes and speeds from various point or probe-based sensors. In this project, the research team used this data archive to study the impact of DMS messages on traffic conditions. Multiple Bluetooth sensors were deployed on a major travel corridor in the Baltimore Metropolitan Area to determine vehicle travel times and to monitor traffic diversions.
Download or read book Speed Management written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-13 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the ...
Download or read book Strategies for Work Zone Transportation Management Plans written by Leverson Boodlal and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the ways a state department of transportation or other transportation agency can address work zone safety and other impacts is to develop and implement a Transportation Management Plan (TMP). The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 945: Strategies for Work Zone Transportation Management Plans provides a practitioner-ready guidebook on how to select and implement strategies that improve safety and traffic operations in roadway construction work zones. Supplemental materials to the report include NCHRP Web-Only Document 276: Evaluating Strategies for Work ZoneTransportation Management Plans; fact sheets on ramp meter, reversible lane, and truck restrictions; and guidebook appendices.
Download or read book Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery written by Deepak K. Kalaskar and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2016-08-02 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts from London’s renowned Royal Free Hospital, Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery offers a comprehensive overview of the vast topic of reconstructive plastic surgery and its various subspecialties for introductory plastic surgery and surgical science courses. The book comprises five sections covering the fundamental principles of plastic surgery, cancer, burns and trauma, paediatric plastic surgery and aesthetic surgery, and covers the breadth of knowledge that students need to further their career in this exciting field. Additional coverage of areas in which reconstructive surgery techniques are called upon includes abdominal wall reconstruction, ear reconstruction and genital reconstruction. A chapter on aesthetic surgery includes facial aesthetic surgery and blepharoplasty, aesthetic breast surgery, body contouring and the evolution of hair transplantation.The broad scope of this volume and attention to often neglected specialisms such as military plastic surgery make this a unique contribution to the field. Heavily illustrated throughout, Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is essential reading for anyone interested in furthering their knowledge of this exciting field. This book was produced as part of JISC's Institution as e-Textbook Publisher project. Find out more at https://www.jisc.ac.uk/rd/projects/institution-as-e-textbook-publisher
Download or read book Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-01-06 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report indicates that climate change will significantly affect the availability and trade of fish products, especially for those countries most dependent on the sector, and calls for effective adaptation and mitigation actions encompassing food production.
Download or read book Smart Solutions in Today s Transport written by Jerzy Mikulski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Transport Systems Telematics, TST 2017, held in Katowice-Ustrón, Poland, in April 2017. The 40 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 128 submissions. They present and organize the knowledge from within the field of intelligent transportation systems, the specific solutions applied in it and their influence on improving efficiency of transport systems.
Download or read book Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science written by Margo Mountjoy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new International Olympic Committee (IOC) handbook covers the science, medicine and psycho-social aspects of females in sports at all levels of competition. Each chapter focuses on the specific issues that female athletes confront both on and off the field, such as bone health, nutritional recommendations, exercise/competition during menstruation and pregnancy, and much more. Fully endorsed by the IOC and drawing upon the experience of an international team of expert contributors, no other publication deals with the topic in such a concise and complete manner. The Female Athlete is recommended for all health care providers for women and girl athletes internationally for all sports and all levels of competition. It is a valuable resource for medical doctors, physical and occupational therapists, nutritionists, and sports scientists as well as coaches, personal trainers and athletes.
Download or read book Semiconductor Laser Engineering Reliability and Diagnostics written by Peter W. Epperlein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-25 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book provides a fully integrated novel approach to the development of high-power, single-transverse mode, edge-emitting diode lasers by addressing the complementary topics of device engineering, reliability engineering and device diagnostics in the same book, and thus closes the gap in the current book literature. Diode laser fundamentals are discussed, followed by an elaborate discussion of problem-oriented design guidelines and techniques, and by a systematic treatment of the origins of laser degradation and a thorough exploration of the engineering means to enhance the optical strength of the laser. Stability criteria of critical laser characteristics and key laser robustness factors are discussed along with clear design considerations in the context of reliability engineering approaches and models, and typical programs for reliability tests and laser product qualifications. Novel, advanced diagnostic methods are reviewed to discuss, for the first time in detail in book literature, performance- and reliability-impacting factors such as temperature, stress and material instabilities. Further key features include: practical design guidelines that consider also reliability related effects, key laser robustness factors, basic laser fabrication and packaging issues; detailed discussion of diagnostic investigations of diode lasers, the fundamentals of the applied approaches and techniques, many of them pioneered by the author to be fit-for-purpose and novel in the application; systematic insight into laser degradation modes such as catastrophic optical damage, and a wide range of technologies to increase the optical strength of diode lasers; coverage of basic concepts and techniques of laser reliability engineering with details on a standard commercial high power laser reliability test program. Semiconductor Laser Engineering, Reliability and Diagnostics reflects the extensive expertise of the author in the diode laser field both as a top scientific researcher as well as a key developer of high-power highly reliable devices. With invaluable practical advice, this new reference book is suited to practising researchers in diode laser technologies, and to postgraduate engineering students.
