Download or read book Evaluation of Compressed Natural Gas CNG Fueling Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Compressed Natural Gas Conversion Systems written by Ontario. Ministry of Transportation. Transportation Technology and Energy Branch and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, the performance of commercial compressed natural gas (CNG) automotive conversion equipment is evaluated on the bases of fuel consumption, exhaust emissions, and acceleration performance results obtained in the Ministry of Transportation chassis dynamometer laboratory. The conversion systems were supplied by the Diversified Fuel Components and CNG Fuel Systems companies of Ontario and were installed on a 5-L spark-ignition engine in a Ford F-150 pickup truck, which was operated as a CNG/gasoline dual-fuel vehicle. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide, hydro-carbons, and nitrogen oxides were measured on gasoline, before and after conversion, and on natural gas over urban and highway driving cycles, strictly according to Transport Canada guidelines and US Environmental Protection Agency regulations.
Download or read book Evaluation of Aftermarket Fuel Delivery Systems for Natural Gas and LPG Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of aftermarket fuel delivery systems for vehicles fueled by compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Most of the CNG and LPG vehicles studied were converted to the alternative fuel after purchase. There are wide variations in the quality of the conversion hardware and the installation. This leads to questions about the overall quality of the converted vehicles, in terms of emissions, safety, and performance. There is a considerable body of emissions data for converted light-duty vehicles, and a smaller amount for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. However, very few of these data involve real world conditions, and there is growing concern about in-use emissions. This report also attempts to assess factors that could allow in-use emissions to vary from the ''best-case'' results normally reported. The study also addresses issues of fuel supply, fuel composition, performance, safety, and warranty waivers. The report is based on an extensive literature and product survey and on the author's experience with fuel delivery systems for light-duty vehicles.
Download or read book Technical Evaluation and Assessment of CNG written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report compares vehicles using compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and combinations of the two in bi-fuel or flex-fuel configurations. Evidence shows that environmental and energy advantages can be gained by replacing two-fuel CNG/gasoline vehicles with two-fuel or flex-fuel systems to be economically competitive, it is necessary to develop a universal CNG/LPG pressure-regulator-injector and engine control module to switch from one tank to the other. For flex-fuel CNG/LPG designs, appropriate composition sensors, refueling pumps, fuel tanks, and vaporizers are necessary.
Download or read book A Comparative Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas LNG and Compressed Natural Gas CNG Used by Transit Agencies in Texas written by Naomi W. Ledé and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is a detailed comparative analysis of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG). The study provides data on two alternative fuels used by transit agencies in Texas. First, the state-of-the-art in alternative fuels is examined to establish a framework for the study. Efforts were made to examine selected characteristics of two types of NG demonstrations in terms of the following properties: energy source characteristics, vehicle performance and emissions, operations, maintenance, reliability, safety costs, and fuel availability. Where feasible, two alternative fuels were compared with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. Environmental considerations relative to fuel distribution and use are analyzed, with a focus on examining flammability and other safety-related issues. The objectives of the study included assessing the state-of-the-art and document-relevant findings pertaining to alternative fuels, analyzing and synthesizing existing databases on two NG alternatives (LNG and CNG), comparing two alternative fuels used by transit agencies in Texas, and addressing selected aspects of alternative fuels such as energy source characteristics, vehicle performance and emissions, safety, costs, maintenance and operations, and environmental issues. A profile of two alternative fuels used by Texas transit agencies is presented. The comparisons made about properties of LNG and CNG provide a context within which an assessment of other alternative fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and electric vehicles can be made. The findings of the study will contribute to existing evidence on alternative fuels. Data included in the study will be useful to transportation industry officials in the public and private sector. Comparative data on alternative fuels will contribute to a greater understanding of their use and enhance policy decisions about alternative fuels.
Download or read book 21st Century Complete Guide to Natural Gas Vehicles Covering Alternative Fuel Vehicles AFV Compressed Natural Gas CNG Liquefied Natural Gas LNG Technology Safety and Refueling Issues written by Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-29 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and up-to-date book provides a unique guide to natural gas vehicles, compiling ten official documents with details of every aspect of the issue: CNG and LNG designs, success stories, references, information on safety and refueling issues, and much more. Contents include: Part 1: UPS CNG Truck Fleet Final Results, Alternative Fuel Truck Evaluation Project * Part 2: Clean Cities 2010 Vehicle Buyer's Guide - Natural Gas, Propane, Hybrid Electric, Ethanol, Biodiesel * Part 3: Natural Gas Vehicles: Status, Barriers, and Opportunities * Part 4: White Paper on Natural Gas Vehicles: Status, Barriers, and Opportunities * Part 5: Natural Gas Passenger Vehicles: Availability, Cost, and Performance * Part 6: Clean Alternative Fuels: Compressed Natural Gas * Part 7: Clean Alternative Fuels: Liquefied Natural Gas * Part 8: EPA Case Study: Tests Demonstrate Safety of Natural-Gas Vehicles for King County Police * Part 9: Resource Guide for Heavy-Duty LNG Vehicles, Infrastructure, and Support Operations * Part 10: Senate Hearing - Usage of Natural Gas - To Assess the Opportunities For, Current Level of Investment In, and Barriers to the Expanded Usage of Natural Gas as a Fuel for Transportation (2012) While natural gas is often used as the energy source for residential, commercial, and industrial processes, engines designed to run on gasoline or diesel can also be modified to operate on natural gas - a clean burning fuel. Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) can be dedicated to natural gas as a fuel source, or they can be bi-fuel, running on either natural gas or gasoline, or natural gas or diesel, although most natural gas engines are spark ignited. Natural gas engine technologies can differ in the following ways: the method used to ignite the fuel in the cylinders, the air-fuel ratio, the compression ratio, and the resulting performance and emissions capabilities. Natural gas has a high octane rating, which in spark ignition engines (usual for CNG) allows an increase in power. However, natural gas occupies a larger volume in the cylinder than liquid fuels, reducing the number of oxygen molecules (share of air in the cylinder), which reduces power. The net effect on natural gas power vs. gasoline is relatively neutral. However, since it is a gaseous fuel at atmospheric pressure and occupies a considerably larger storage volume per unit of energy than refined petroleum liquids, it is stored on-board the vehicle in either a compressed gaseous or liquefied state. The storage requirements are still much greater than for refined petroleum products. This increases vehicle weight, which tends to reduce fuel economy. To become compressed natural gas (CNG), it is pressurized in a tank at up to 3,600 pounds per square inch. Typically, in sedans, the tank is mounted in the trunk or replaces the existing fuel tank; on trucks, the tank is mounted on the frame; and on buses, it is mounted on top of the roof. Although tanks can be made completely from metal, they are typically composed of metal liners reinforced by a wrap of composite fiber material with pressure-relief devices designed to withstand impact. Tanks do increase the vehicle weight, and with the lower energy density of natural gas, vehicle ranges are generally reduced. To become liquefied natural gas (LNG), natural gas is cooled to -260 °F and filtered to remove impurities. LNG is stored in double-wall, vacuum-insulated pressure tanks and is primarily used on heavy-duty trucks, providing increased range over CNG. NGVs and their respective fueling systems must meet stringent industry and government standards for compression, storage, and fueling. They are designed to perform safely during both normal operations and crash situations. Nozzles and vehicle receptacles are designed to keep fuel from escaping.
Download or read book Technical Evaluation and Assessment of CNG LPG Bi fuel and Flex fuel Vehicle Viability written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report compares vehicles using compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and combinations of the two in bi-fuel or flex-fuel configurations. Evidence shows that environmental and energy advantages can be gained by replacing two-fuel CNG/gasoline vehicles with two-fuel or flex-fuel CNG/LPG vehicles. For two-fuel systems to be economically competitive, it is necessary todevelop a universal CNG/LPG pressure-regulator-injector and engine control module to switch from one tank to the other. For flex-fuel CNG/LPG designs, appropriate composition sensors, refueling pumps, fuel tanks, and vaporizers are necessary.
Download or read book Feasibility Study written by Mark A. Epp and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Facts about CNG LPG Conversion written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Technical and Economic Parameters of Natural Gas Delivery Using Compressed Natural Gas CNG Technologies Phase 2 written by Mark A. Epp and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase 2 of the "Evaluation of Technical and Economic Parameters of Natural Gas Delivery Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Technologies" study considers the supply of natural gas to an off-grid community of multiple industrial/commercial consumers. For the purpose of the study, average total annual consumption by the community is given as 350,000 GJ. The travel distance is increased to a 150 km round trip. The study represents a scaled up model in relation to Phase 1 in that gas continues to be delivered by road transport from a single source to a single off-loading location; however, the addition of a local community distribution system delivers the fuel to a number of users with smaller loads.
Download or read book Emissions and Performance Evaluation of a Dedicated Compressed Natural Gas Saturn written by J. W. Hodgson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book City of Monterey Park CNG Fueling System written by Amy Ho and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology and Market Assessment of Gas fueled Vehicles in New York State Technology and economic assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clean Air Program written by David M. Friedman and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of technical and economic parameters of natural gas delivery using compressed natural gas CNG technologies phase 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase 2 of the "Evaluation of Technical and Economic Parameters of Natural Gas Delivery Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Technologies" study considers the supply of natural gas to an off-grid community of multiple industrial/commercial consumers. For the purpose of the study, average total annual consumption by the community is given as 350,000 GJ. The travel distance is increased to a 150 km round trip. The study represents a scaled up model in relation to Phase 1 in that gas continues to be delivered by road transport from a single source to a single off-loading location; however, the addition of a local community distribution system delivers the fuel to a number of users with smaller loads.
Download or read book NFPA 52 written by National Fire Protection Association. Technical Committee on Compressed Natural Gas Vehicular Fuel Systems and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Road Vehicles Compressed Natural Gas CNG Fuel System Components Rigid Fuel Line in Stainless Steel written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 1912-05-31 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road vehicles, Gas-powered devices, Natural gas, Compressed gases, Road vehicle components, Filling devices, Flow nozzles, Pipe connections, Pipe couplings, Safety devices, Caps (closures), Engine fuel systems, Vehicle fuel tanks, Test methods
