Download or read book Evaluation of Bacteroidales 16S RRNA Genetic Markers as a Microbial Source Tracking Tool in a Canadian Agricultural Watershed written by Christina M. Ridley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Waterborne pathogen presence caused by fecal pollution is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In developed countries, this problem can result in waterborne outbreaks. Research suggests that there is a need for better fecal indicators because current methods (total coliforms and E. coli) are insufficient. This study investigated Bacteroidales 16S rRNA markers as a microbial source tracking tool in an agricultural watershed. Correlations between pathogens and markers were also investigated. Water quality monitoring was conducted following assay validation of ruminant-, bovine-, human-specific, and universal Bacteroidales markers. Results revealed a positive relationship between E. coli and the universal marker. Ruminant- and bovine-specific marker detection was associated with increased runoff due to precipitation; however, the human associated marker was not detected. Furthermore, no correlations between Campylobacter, Salmonella, or E. coli O157:H7 could be made. Consequently, these techniques have potential to become a powerful tool; however, further research is needed
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Jorge W. Santo Domingo and published by Emerging Issues in Food Safety. This book was released on 2007 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a state-of-the-art review of the current technology and applications being utilized to identify sources of fecal contamination in waterways. - Serves as a useful reference for researchers in the food industry, especially scientists investigating etiological agents responsible for food contamination. - Provides background information on MST methods and the assumptions and limitations associated with their use. - Covers a broad range of topics related to MST, including environmental monitoring, public health and national security, population biology, and microbial ecology. - Offers valuable insights into future research directions and technology developments.
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Michèle Gourmelon and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Animal Husbandry in China written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Sava River written by Radmila Milačič and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview of environmental aspects of the Sava River, which is the greatest tributary to the Danube River and the major drainage river system of South Eastern Europe. Hydroelectric power plants, river traffic, intensive agricultural activities, heavy industry and floods have considerable influence on the environment and biota in the basin. Summarizing the results that were gathered in the course of EU, bilateral and national projects, the book highlights the most important stressors and helps readers to better understand the impact of anthropogenic activities on the function of river basins. Topics include: transboundary water cooperation between the riparian countries; climate change projection, including its impact on flood hazards; evaluation of anthropogenic pollution sources; pollution of sediments, metal bioavailability and ecotoxicological and microbiological characterization of the river. The biological part also addresses quality aspects related to wildlife in river aquatic ecosystems (algae, macrophytes, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and fish) and riparian ecosystems (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). The general state of biodiversity and pressures caused by invasive aquatic species are also discussed.
Download or read book Applied and Environmental Microbiology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Connections Between Ecology and Infectious Disease written by Christon J. Hurst and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes current advances in our understanding of how infectious disease represents an ecological interaction between a pathogenic microorganism and the host species in which that microbe causes illness. The contributing authors explain that pathogenic microorganisms often also have broader ecological connections, which can include a natural environmental presence; possible transmission by vehicles such as air, water, and food; and interactions with other host species, including vectors for which the microbe either may or may not be pathogenic. This field of science has been dubbed disease ecology, and the chapters that examine it have been grouped into three sections. The first section introduces both the role of biological community interactions and the impact of biodiversity on infectious disease. In turn, the second section considers those diseases directly affecting humans, with a focus on waterborne and foodborne illnesses, while also examining the critical aspect of microbial biofilms. Lastly, the third section presents the ecology of infectious diseases from the perspective of their impact on mammalian livestock and wildlife as well as on humans. Given its breadth of coverage, the volume offers a valuable resource for microbial ecologists and biomedical scientists alike.
Download or read book Waterborne Zoonoses written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals (both wild and domestic) to humans. A significant number of emerging and re-emerging waterborne zoonotic pathogens have been recognised over recent decades, such as SARS, E. coli, campylobacter and cryptosporidium. This publication assesses current knowledge about waterborne zoonoses and identifies strategies and research needs for anticipating and controlling future emerging water-related diseases, in order to better protect the health of both humans and animals. It is based on the discussions of a workshop held in the United States in September 2003, which included 29 experts from 14 countries and diverse disciplines including microbiology, water epidemiology, medicine, sanitary engineering, food safety and regulatory policy.
Download or read book Wellhead Protection written by Tom Belk and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994-12 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides information that will help protect a community's ground water resources. Covers: ground water fundamentals, ground water contamination, the 5-step process for wellhead protection, 4 case studies, and resources for additional information. Appendices: regional distribution of ground water in the U.S., methods for delineating wellhead protection areas for fractured rock aquifers, and for confined aquifers. 75 charts, tables and drawings.
Download or read book Infectious Diseases of the Horse written by JH van der Kolk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clinician and a pathologist have collaborated to produce this thorough and balanced account of infectious diseases affecting horses. The book evaluates the latest diagnostic aids, including rapid developments in molecular biology, while emphasising that they are no substitute for clinical observation and skills.The majority of equine infectious d
Download or read book Waterborne Pathogens written by Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterborne Pathogens: Detection and Treatment delivers the tools and techniques on how to identify these contaminates and apply the most effective technology for their removal and treatment. Written for researchers and practicing professionals, the book starts with a brief, but readable, review of ubiquitous waterborne pathogens (primarily viruses, bacterial and parasitic protozoa). This coverage is followed by an in-depth discussion of the latest detection and treatment technologies, ranging from Biosensors, to Nanoconjugates, Membrane Based Technologies and Nanotechnology Treatment. Engineers and scientist will find this to be a valuable reference on cutting-edge techniques for suppling safe drinking water across the globe. - Explains the latest research on detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies - Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches - Covers cutting-edge research, including Membrane Based Technologies, Nanotechnology Treatment Technologies and Bioremediation Treatment Technologies - Provides background information regarding contamination sources
Download or read book Guidelines for Canadian Recreational Water Quality written by Federal-Provincial Working Group on Recreational Water Quality (Canada) and published by Health and Welfare Canada. This book was released on 1983 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indentifies, for recreational water use, risks from exposure to fecal streptococci and other micro-organisms. Deals also with pH, nuisance organisms, temperature, aesthetics, and turbidity. Includes a section on sampling and enumeration of indicators of recreational water quality.
Download or read book Handbook of Applied Multivariate Statistics and Mathematical Modeling written by Howard E.A. Tinsley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2000-05-22 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multivariate statistics and mathematical models provide flexible and powerful tools essential in most disciplines. Nevertheless, many practicing researchers lack an adequate knowledge of these techniques, or did once know the techniques, but have not been able to keep abreast of new developments. The Handbook of Applied Multivariate Statistics and Mathematical Modeling explains the appropriate uses of multivariate procedures and mathematical modeling techniques, and prescribe practices that enable applied researchers to use these procedures effectively without needing to concern themselves with the mathematical basis. The Handbook emphasizes using models and statistics as tools. The objective of the book is to inform readers about which tool to use to accomplish which task. Each chapter begins with a discussion of what kinds of questions a particular technique can and cannot answer. As multivariate statistics and modeling techniques are useful across disciplines, these examples include issues of concern in biological and social sciences as well as the humanities.
Download or read book Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment written by Charles N. Haas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection risk cause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberate infections caused by terrorism • Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at every step of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release of a pathogen to the actual human infection • Provides techniques on how to gather information, on how each microorganism moves through the environment, how to determine their survival rates on various media, and how people are exposed to the microorganism • Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure the impact of interventions and identify the best policies and practices to protect public health and safety • Includes new information on genetic methods • Techniques use to develop risk models for drinking water, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in the indoor environment
Download or read book Periphyton written by Yonghong Wu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Periphyton: Functions and Application in Environmental Remediation presents a systematic overview of a wide variety of periphyton functions and applications in environmental remediation, providing readers with an understanding of the biological/ecological features of periphyton, the methodology of their study, and their application in environmental conservation. With increases in environmental stress, anthropogenic impacts, and the global decline in biodiversity, there is a pressing need for methods to assess and improve environmental quality that are rapid, reliable, and cost-effective. Periphyton is an important component of benthic communities and plays a crucial role in the functioning of microbial food webs. Because of a number of advantages, such as a short lifecycle, relative immobility, more rapid responses to environmental stress and anthropogenic impact than any metazoa, ease of sampling, availability of taxonomic/molecular identification, and standardized methodologies for temporal/spatial comparisons, there has, in recent decades, been an increased interest in periphyton as a tool in biological conservation in aquatic ecosystems. - Presents case studies that help readers implement similar ecological designs - Focuses on the function of periphyton in remediating destructed ecosystems - Provides readers with an understanding of periphyton in practice, especially the value of periphyton in enhancing environmental and ecosystem qualities - Discusses the role of periphyton in purifying water and its effect on abiotic elements
Download or read book National Beach Guidance and Required Performance Criteria for Grants written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Animal Waste Water Quality and Human Health written by A. Dufour and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-10-14 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Domestic animals contaminate recreational waters and drinking-water sources with excreta and pathogens; but this threat to public health is inadequately understood and is insufficiently addressed in regulations. More than 85% of the world’s faecal wastes is from domestic animals such as poultry, cattle, sheep and pigs. These animals harbor zoonotic pathogens that are transported in the environment by water, especially runoff. However little information exists on health effects associated with exposure to this potential hazard to human health; and water standards focused on control of human fecal contamination do reflect the contribution of non-human fecal contamination to risk. Does compliance with current monitoring practices using microbial indicators provide protection against animal and bird sources of fecal contamination? Prepared with contributions from a group of international experts, Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health considers microbial contamination from domestic animal and bird sources and explores the health hazards associated with this microbial contamination and approaches to protecting public health. Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health will be of interest to regulators with responsibility for recreational waters, drinking water quality and water reuse; policymakers working in water quality, public health and agriculture; decision makers responsible for livestock management; and scientists and practitioners concerned with many affected subjects. Topics covered include: Credible waterborne zoonotic pathogens are discussed and ranked according to their potential hazard level. Each pathogen is described with regard to their sources, reservoirs, and infectivity. Faecal production rates of various domestic animals are discussed, alongside pathogen transmission in animal populations, pathogen prevalence in animals and “supershedders”. Transport of fecal indicator organisms and their episodic occurrence in catchments. Interventions for improving food safety and reducing production losses. The impact of interventions, e.g. enhanced attenuation and storage to prevent spills; benchmarking against best management practices to reduce diffuse source contamination. Models to inform design of farm-scale best management practices and the effectiveness of best management practices for attenuating pathogen transport within catchments. The complex nature of human exposure to zoonotic waterborne pathogens; including the relationships among livestock waste contamination, water impairment, zoonotic pathogens, and human infection and illness. Human exposure interventions include case studies that discuss eradicating disease in discharging populations, adding filtration to minimal treated water to reduce Cryptosporidium occurrence and UV disinfection of beach waters to reduce beach postings. Indicators, sanitary surveys and source attribution techniques; risk assessment of exposure to zoonotic pathogens, including an interactive risk comparison approach. A review of epidemiological studies that address the relationship between swimmer illness and exposure to waters contaminated by nonhuman fecal wastes. Economic evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with animal waste management and human health.
