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Book Enhancing Aerobic Biological Degradation of Trichloroethylene and Metal Lubricants

Download or read book Enhancing Aerobic Biological Degradation of Trichloroethylene and Metal Lubricants written by Sachiyo Iwashita and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Aerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene

Download or read book Aerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene written by M. J. K. Nelson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Samples, suspected of having a capability to biologically transform trichloroethylene (TCE), were provided by Tyndall Air Force Base for verification and characterization of activity. Biological transformation of TCE was not observed in these samples. Other soil and water samples, obtained from the Pensacola area, were therefore screened for TCE degradation activity. One sample was found to be responsible for the metabolic activity was isolated. The isolated organism degrades TCE (up to 3.4 micro mole) to less than 0.02 micro mole within 24 hours. TCE degradation occurred only when water from the original site of isolation and 02 were in the medium. The isolate converted TCE into CO2 and unidentified nonvolatile products. Phenol, toluene ortho- and meta-cresol were found to replace the site water requirement for TCE metabolism.

Book Experiments in Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene

Download or read book Experiments in Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene written by Qiong Liao and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) from industrial waste has been intensively studied in recent years, Biodegradation has been determined to be an effective treatment for TCE in the environment. Many researchers have studied the biodegradation of TOE and obtained successful results based on the use of specific isolated bacteria. At the NJIT Biotechnology Laboratory, a new method is being developed in which immobilized activated sludge is used to degrade several toxic chemicals in various reactor configurations. The objective of this research is to determine if these methods can be extended to treat TCE. Activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant was acclimated with TCE and then used in aerobic experi ments. Some commonly and effectively used methods from our laboratory, such as membrane, shaker flask, and microassav reactors were studied with activated sludge. In the membrane reactor experiment, microorganisms from activated sludge were immobilized on microporous plastic sheet (MPS) by attachment. TCE solution was pumped through the reactor containing microorganisms attached on MPS sheet and TCE variation was analyzed with GC. Experiments were conducted in batch recirculation flow mode, A series of shaker flask experiments were constructed to check the result of preinduction for activated sludge with some inducers. The activity of activated sludge was studied by examining the oxygen uptake in a microassay reactor. This reactor has been a valuable tool in the enzyme kinetic studies due to its reproducibility and accuracy of the data acquired. Anaerobic sludge was also used in this study, and taken from a secondary treatment plant. It was digested in an anaerobic digester with a specific nutrient medium and then incubated in an incubator at 37°C for anaerobic treatment. In shaker flask experiments, TCE was degraded by NJIT activated and preinduced sludge with inducers. Biodegradation rates were found to be 0.36, 0.49, 0.44, 0.32 nmol/min per mg of dry biomass with sodium acetate, phenol, toluene, and sodium benzoate, respectively. They are greater than the rates for bacterial strains 46-1, G4, and Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 reported in the literature. However, the results of the membrane reactor, the microassay reactor, and the anaerobic experiments indicate that TCE biodegradation rates are far lower than typical biodegradation rate, which is 2.4 nmol/min per mg of dry biomass, for phenol, chlorophenol, and other substrates in NJIT Biodegradation System.

Book Sequential Anaerobic Aerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene and 1 4 Dioxane

Download or read book Sequential Anaerobic Aerobic Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene and 1 4 Dioxane written by Alexandra LaPat Polasko and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated ethenes, such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and their stabilizers, such as 1,4- dioxane, are widespread groundwater contaminants. Bioremediation can be an effective approach, but opposing redox conditions favored by chlorinated ethane-and 1,4-dioxane- degrading bacteria pose a challenge for their concurrent bioremediation. We engineered a microbial community composed of the anaerobic chlorinated ethene-degrading consortium (KB-1i ) and aerobic (Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 (CB1190)) bacterial strain, which uses 1,4-dioxane. After anaerobic incubation and TCE reduction, CB1190 + KB-1i coculture was viable and rapidly biodegraded 1,4-dioxane in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic biodegradation of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE) by CB1190 was also described. As a plume disperses downgradient, the redox conditions change from anaerobic (source zone) to aerobic (leading edge). The results from this study demonstrate that the engineered microbial community can survive redox changes and biodegrade chlorinated ethenes and 1,4-dioxane. This approach could reduce the cost, energy, and substrates required for in-situ bioremediation of contaminant mixtures.

Book Laboratory Evaluation of Natural and Enhanced Biodegradation of Trichloroethene and Dichloromethane Under Anaerobic Conditions

Download or read book Laboratory Evaluation of Natural and Enhanced Biodegradation of Trichloroethene and Dichloromethane Under Anaerobic Conditions written by Rebecca M. Cline and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Cometabolic Degradation of Trichloroethylene Under Aerobic Conditions

Download or read book The Cometabolic Degradation of Trichloroethylene Under Aerobic Conditions written by Richard H. Oliver and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation

Download or read book Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​This volume provides a review of the past 10 to 15 years of intensive research, development and demonstrations that have been on the forefront of developing bioaugmentation into a viable remedial technology. This volume provides both a primer on the basic microbial processes involved in bioaugmentation, as well as a thorough summary of the methodology for implementing the technology. This reference volume will serve as a valuable resource for environmental remediation professionals who seek to understand, evaluate, and implement bioaugmentation.

Book Final Project Report   Coupled Biogeochemical Process Evaluation for Conceptualizing Trichloriethylene Co Metabolism

Download or read book Final Project Report Coupled Biogeochemical Process Evaluation for Conceptualizing Trichloriethylene Co Metabolism written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trichloroethene (TCE) (also known as trichloroethylene) is a common contaminant in groundwater. TCE is regulated in drinking water at a concentration of 5 æg/L, and a small mass of TCE has the potential to contaminant large volumes of water. The physical and chemical characteristics of TCE allow it to migrate quickly in most subsurface environments, and thus large plumes of contaminated groundwater can form from a single release. The migration and persistence of TCE in groundwater can be limited by biodegradation. TCE can be biodegraded via different processes under either anaerobic or aerobic conditions. Anaerobic biodegradation is widely recognized, but aerobic degradation is less well recognized. Under aerobic conditions, TCE can be oxidized to non hazardous conditions via cometabolic pathways. This study applied enzyme activity probes to demonstrate that cometabolic degradation of TCE occurs in aerobic groundwater at several locations, used laboratory microcosm studies to determine aerobic degradation rates, and extrapolated lab-measured rates to in situ rates based on concentrations of microorganisms with active enzymes involved in cometabolic TCE degradation. Microcosms were constructed using basalt chips that were inoculated with microorganisms to groundwater at the Idaho National Laboratory Test Area North TCE plume by filling a set of Flow-Through In Situ Reactors (FTISRs) with chips and placing the FTISRs into the open interval of a well for several months. A parametric study was performed to evaluate predicted degradation rates and concentration trends using a competitive inhibition kinetic model, which accounts for competition for enzyme active sites by both a growth substrate and a cometabolic substrate. The competitive inhibition kinetic expression was programmed for use in the RT3D reactive transport package. Simulations of TCE plume evolution using both competitive inhibition kinetics and first order decay were performed.

Book Handbook on Biodegradation and Biological Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds

Download or read book Handbook on Biodegradation and Biological Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds written by M.H. van Agteren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-05-31 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of synthetic organic chemicals into the environment during the last few decades has given rise to major concern about the ecotoxicological effects and ultimate fate of these compounds. The pollutants that are considered to be most hazardous because of their intrinsic toxicity, high exposure level, or recalcitrant behavior in the environment have been placed on blacklists and other policy priority lists. The fate of synthetic compounds that enter the environment is mainly determined by their rate of biodegradation, which therefore also has a major effect on the degree of bioaccumulation and the risk of ecotoxicological effects. The degree and rate of biodegradation is also of critical importance for the feasibility of biological techniques to clean up contaminated sites and waste streams. The biodegradation of xenobiotics has thus been the subject of numerous studies, which resulted in thousands of publications in scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings. These studies led to a deeper understanding of the diversity of biodegradation processes. As a result, it has become possible to enhance the rate of degradation of recalcitrant pollutants during biological treatment and to design completely new treatment processes. At present, much work is being done to expand the range of pollutants to which biodegradation can be applied, and to make treatment techniques less expensive and better applicable for waste streams which are difficult to handle.

Book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes

Download or read book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.

Book Biochemistry of microbial degradation

Download or read book Biochemistry of microbial degradation written by Colin Ratledge and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life on the planet depends on microbial activity. The recycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen, phosphate and all the other elements that constitute living matter are continuously in flux: microorganisms participate in key steps in these processes and without them life would cease within a few short years. The comparatively recent advent of man-made chemicals has now challenged the environment: where degradation does not occur, accumulation must perforce take place. Surprisingly though, even the most recalcitrant of molecules are gradually broken down and very few materials are truly impervious to microbial attack. Microorganisms, by their rapid growth rates, have the most rapid turn-over of their DNA of all living cells. Consequently they can evolve altered genes and therefore produce novel enzymes for handling "foreign" compounds - the xenobiotics - in a manner not seen with such effect in other organisms. Evolution, with the production of micro-organisms able to degrade molecules hitherto intractable to breakdown, is therefore a continuing event. Now, through the agency of genetic manipulation, it is possible to accelerate this process of natural evolution in a very directed manner. The time-scale before a new microorganism emerges that can utilize a recalcitrant molecule has now been considerably shortened by the application of well-understood genetic principles into microbiology. However, before these principles can be successfully used, it is essential that we understand the mechanism by which molecules are degraded, otherwise we shall not know where best to direct these efforts.

Book Plant Genome

    Book Details:
  • Author : B. R. Chaudhary
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2011
  • ISBN : 9788184871135
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Plant Genome written by B. R. Chaudhary and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the wide-ranging, multi-disciplinary book "PLANT GENOME: Diversity, Conservation and Manipulation" is to provide in depth knowledge and an attempt to highlight the current manipulations taking place in plant genome research. The book incorporates topics on plant genome, its diversity, conservation and manipulation, distributed in fifteen original articles written by eminent scholars. The authors have tried to amalgamate up-to-date information, is pertinent for researchers and students alike. The chapter include Molecular mechanisms of DNA damage and repair, Comet assay to assess DNA damage and genotoxic stress in plants, Molecular evaluation of plant genomic biodiversity, Biotechnological exploitations of cyanobacteria, Metabolic engineering: a multifarious promising tool of post-genomic era, Molecular map based breeding and gene mapping for valuable pharmaceutical alkaloid yields, a prospect strategy to unfold molecular mechanism of retinoblastoma (RB) gene pathway in human, Amaranthus: genomic diversity, evolution and its importance, Ploidy: a prime facilitator of speciation and evolution in plants, Biodegradation of sodium dodecyl sulphate, Microcystins, a novel class of toxins from cyanobacteria, and Banana genomics. The original articles include Wide hybridization in crop plants, Altered adaptive response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Production of wheat haploids by chromosome elimination technique.

Book Occupational Neurology

Download or read book Occupational Neurology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Occupational Neurology a volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series, provides a comprehensive overview of the science, clinical diagnosis, and treatment for neurotoxin related neurological and psychiatric disorders. This timely collection provides not only a complete scientific reference on the chemical origin of this class of neurological and psychiatric disorders, but also a practical guide to diagnosis and treatment challenges and best practices. Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series The first volume of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology under the editorship of George Bruyn and Pierre Vinken was published in 1968. In 1982, the series was brought to an interim conclusion with the publication of the cumulative index volume (Volume 44). By that stage, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. It enjoys a high reputation in specialist media circles throughout the world. After the series was concluded in 1982, it was realized that an update of the material was imperative. Accordingly, a revised series was planned and published over the following years, concluding with the publication of another cumulative index to both series (Volume 76-78) in 2002. Since then, George Bruyn has passed away and Pierre Vinken has retired, but the need for a further new series, incorporating advances in the field, again become necessary. Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller and Dick F. Swaab have with enthusiasm taken on the responsibility of supervising the preparation of a third series, the first volumes of which were published in 2003. Now, more than 130 volumes after the first published, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series continues to have an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest foundational research, diagnosis, and treatment protocols essential for both basic neuroscience research and clinical neurology. - Provides comprehensive coverage of neurotoxins, especially in the workplace - Details the latest science as the foundation for neurotoxicity diagnosis and treatment - Presents coverage of the diagnosis and treatment essential for clinical neurologists and occupational medicine specialists

Book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: