Download or read book Evaluation de l exposition professionnelle aux cytotoxiques en milieu hospitalier par l utilisation de dosages urinaires et surfaciques de cytotoxiques written by Sandra Pires and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contexte : Au vu de l'utilisation de plus en plus répandue des cytotoxiques et des effets possiblement graves notamment cancérogènes, mutagènes et reprotoxiques identifiés dans la littérature, le service de Médecine du Travail du Personnel Hospitalier du Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille a souhaité évaluer l'exposition professionnelle de ses agents. Méthode : L'évaluation de l'exposition a été réalisée, au sein de l'Unité de Reconstitution Centralisée des Cytotoxiques, et de 4 services de soins, administrant des cytotoxiques, par des prélèvements urinaires et surfaciques, permettant l'identification de 10 molécules cytotoxiques d'intérêt (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, gemcitabine, ganciclovir, cytarabine, 5-fluorouracile, méthotrexate, dacarbazine, doxorubicine, irinotécan). L'activité a été analysée par auto-questionnaires, et études de postes afin d'observer les méthodes de travail, d'identifier les risques de contamination, de constater le port des équipements de protection. L'indice de contact cytotoxique a été calculé dans chacun des services étudiés. Résultats : Trente-huit sujets volontaires ont été inclus de novembre 2013 à novembre 2014. Trente et un pourcent (n=411) des prélèvements surfaciques étaient supérieurs ou égals à la limite de détection (LDD) pour au moins une molécule, et avec des surfaces inattendues, témoignant d'une contamination manuportée, et de la rémanence de certaines molécules malgré le nettoyage. Les niveaux maxima d'exposition mesurés par molécule se répartissaient entre des traces (pour la doxorubicine), et 2746,1 ng/100cm2 (pour le cyclophosphamide). En dépit d'une contamination significative des surfaces, et d'une insuffisance de port d'équipements de protection individuelle dans la plupart des seivices, il n'y avait pas de contamination individuelle interne puisque les dosages urinaires étagés étaient tous inférieurs à la LDD. L'analyse des pratiques a identifié la catégorie de personnel regroupant les agents de pharmacie, les aides-soignants, et les agents de services hospitaliers comme les moins formés et informés des risques liés à ces produits, et de la conduite à tenir en cas d'exposition, et en cas d'incident. Conclusion : Ce projet a permis d'apporter des éléments pour sensibiliser le personnel exposé lors du rendu des résultats collectifs et individuels, et il contribue au développement d'outils utiles à l'évaluation des risques professionnels applicables en pratique courante en milieu de soins.
Download or read book Some Antiviral and Antineoplastic Drugs and Other Pharmaceutical Agents written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2000 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by the use of four antiretroviral agents four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors used in the treatment of cancer and an additional three pharmaceutical agents (hydroxyures phenolphthalein and vitamin K substances). The volume marks the first IARC evaluation of nucleoside analogs that act as antiviral agents. The evaluation responds in part to recent findings that zidovudine (AZT) an effective antiretroviral agent now being given to pregnant HIV-infected women to prevent maternal-to-fetal transmission of the virus is a transplacental carcinogen in mice. The opening monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity to humans of the antiretroviral nucleoside analogs zidovudine (AZT) zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI) and the antiherpesvirus drug aciclovir. Of these aciclovir and didanosine could not be classified on the basis of available data. For zidovudine transplacental administration to mice resulted in an increased incidence and multiplicity of lung and liver tumours and in an increased incidence of female reproductive tract tumours in one study but not in another involving treatment at a lower dose. Despite observation of toxic effects in some studies of humans human carcinogenicity data were judged to provide inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Zidovudine was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Similar weaknesses in human carcinogenicity data for zalcitabine which consistently induces thymic lymphomas in mice resulted in its classification as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph evaluates four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors: etoposide teniposide mitoxantrone and amsacrine. Of these etoposide - one of the most widely used and effective cytotoxic drugs in combination therapy - was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin was judged to be carcinogenic to humans. Teniposide was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and mitoxantrone and amsacrine were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Of the three pharmaceutical agents evaluated in the final monograph hydroxyurea which is widely used in cancer treatment and increasingly in combination with didanosine in HIV infection could not be classified. Phenolphthalein a widely used laxative now being withdrawn from the market in many countries because of toxicological concerns was classified as possibly carcinogenic. Vitamin K substances could not be classified on the basis of available evidence.
Download or read book Cancer Pharmacology written by Ashkan Emadi, MD, PhD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer Pharmacology: An Illustrated Manual of Anticancer Drugs provides a one-stop guide to the essential basic and clinical science of all the effective, life-prolonging drug therapies in oncology. From traditional cytotoxic agents to targeted genomic, epigenomic, hormonal, and immunotherapeutic agents, this book covers the staggering advances in cancer pharmacology that are propelling new standards of care for common and uncommon malignancies. Beautifully illustrated throughout, each chapter contains visually engaging figures detailing the tumor microenvironment, chemical structures of agents, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenomic, and molecular properties of the various agents, and their mechanisms of action. As the first illustrated book of its kind, this highly visual text uses a uniform approach to each cancer drug class and agent presented in the book, and covers alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antimitotics, epigenetic modulators, hormonal agents, targeted therapies, monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapeutic agents, and much more. Flow diagrams, clinical tables, and bulleted text further explain important information pertaining to each cancer drug class including their indications, mechanisms of action, potential adverse reactions, dosing and dose adjustments, and safety monitoring. Organized in an easyto- digest format and replete with detailed images, clinical pearls, and end of chapter Q&As, this evidence-based reference presents all major classes, agents, targets, and approaches to cancer pharmacotherapy. Whether you are a trainee, a clinical scientist, or a clinician in practice, the book is an ideal reference. It presents challenging information in an instructional way, illustrates key concepts for ease of retention, and poses tough questions so readers can problem solve potential scenarios and test their pharmacologic acumen. Written by leading experts in oncopharmacology, this first-of-its kind manual is a “must have” for anyone involved in the basic, translational, or clinical aspects of oncology and hematology including clinicians, pharmacists, nurses, and trainees. KEY FEATURES: Includes visual depictions of chemical structures, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenomics associated with each class of agents Describes how chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormonal therapy work and why they are expected to work adjuvantly, neoadjuvantly, and in combination with other modalities Over 100 highly stylized images and numerous comprehensive tables Covers challenges related to drug development, drug approval, and regulatory issues in relation to anticancer treatments All chapters conclude with clinical pearls and detailed clinical Q&As with descriptive rationales Purchase includes access to the ebook for use on most mobile devices or computers
Download or read book Usp39 Nf34 written by United States Pharmacopeial Convention and published by . This book was released on 2015-11-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NIOSH Alert written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Secondary Metabolites Recent Developments and Technological Challenges written by Bhim Pratap Singh and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on microbes plays an essential role in the improvement of biotechnological and biomedical areas. It has turned into a subject of expanding significance as new organisms and their related biomolecules are being characterized for several applications in health and agriculture. Microbial biomolecules confer the ability of microbes to cope with a range of adverse conditions. However, these biomolecules have several advantages over the plant origin, which makes them a suitable target in drug discovery and development. The reasons could be that microbial sources can be genetically engineered to enhance the production of desired natural production by large-scale fermentation. The interaction between microbes and their biotic and abiotic environment is fundamental to numerous processes taking place in the biosphere. The natural environments and hosts of these microorganisms are extremely diverse being reflected by the fact that microbes are widespread and occur in nearly every biological community on Earth. This metabolic versatility makes microbes interesting objects for a range of economically important biotechnological applications. Most of the biotechniques are established but inefficient genetic engineering strategies are still a bottleneck for selected microbe producing industrial scale biomolecules. Therefore, untapped microbial biodiversity and related metablomics, give a noteworthy wellspring of biologicals for the advancement of meds, immunizations, enhanced plants and for other natural applications. The present eBook volume contains articles on microbial secondary metabolites, microbial biosynthetic potential including biosynthetic gene expression, and metagenomics obtained from microorganism isolated unique from habitats like marine sources, endophytes, thermal springs, deserts, etc.
Download or read book The Camptothecins written by Joachim G. Liehr and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of camptothecin and its derivatives on topoiomerase I in studies on nude mice points to anticancer potential that has not yet been fully realized and developed. The 1996 Academy conference research on the camptothecins launched major advances in understanding camptothecin's mechanism of action; the development of new derivatives; and to a second generation of camptothecin-based chemotherapies. These proceedings papers unfold this potential in four areas: mechanisms of action for the natural compound and current derivatives; chemical possibilities of modifying camptothecin; novel derivatives; and novel routes of administration that enhance camptothecin's lactone ring stability, which appears vitally important for maintaining anticancer activity in humans. The science of camptothecin-base anticancer is balanced by clinical and pharmacology topics including drug resistance, new analogs and potential therapies for premature asthma and for bone marrow.
