Download or read book Evaluating Seeding Rate and Cultivar Impact on Grain Yield and End use Quality and Finding Replacement Methods to Assess Spring Stands of Soft Red Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L in Ohio written by Allen W. Goodwin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differences between area of land planted to wheat and area harvested indicate that poor wheat stands are being destroyed in the spring to plant more profitable crops. Current recommendations to evaluate spring stands are stem counts at Feekes growth stage (GS) 5, a practice that is not implemented by producers due to time and labor involved. Two promising replacement measurements are the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and fractional green canopy cover (FGCC). An experiment was conducted consisting of four site-years at two on-farm locations in Pickaway and Crawford Counties during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 growing seasons. The design was a randomized complete block design with five seeding rates as the treatment. The objectives were to determine if FGCC was correlated to tiller counts, and to quantify the difference in yield prediction accuracy of tiller counts, NDVI, and FGCC (30.5 cm section of row called “1-row” and 3-row area) at Feekes GS 5 and 6, and head counts at Feekes GS 10.5. Linear regression models fit for stem counts at Feekes GS 5 and 6 vs. FGCC for 1-row at Feekes 5 and 6, respectively, were significant and were able to estimate stem density. The best estimators of yield were NDVI and 3-row FGCC measurements taken at Feekes GS 5, and can be used to estimate the proportion of yield that will result from a spring stand. Producers may adopt the stem estimation methods when making a decision about wheat stands in the spring and consider using NDVI and FGCC for yield estimation.

Download or read book Managing Risks of Soft Red Winter Wheat Production written by Douglas S. Alt and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commonly ground into flour, wheat is a staple crop in many civilizations around the world. In Ohio, soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production supports a multi-million dollar wheat industry; however, low wheat prices and high production risks are reducing the number of harvested acres in the state. Identifying tools and information to better manage the risks could improve production and increase profit. Three separate experiments in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 were conducted in Ohio to evaluate the effects of spring freeze events, Fusarium head blight (FHB), and harvest timing on soft red winter wheat production. In the first study, field-acclimated wheat plants were collected at Feekes 6, 8, and 10.5.1 growth stages from Pickaway County and Wood County field locations, and then subjected to freeze treatments ranging from 4°C to -16°C, specific to each growth stage. Treatments were applied using a freeze chamber that decreased temperature by 2°C h-1 with a 15 min treatment duration. Plant survivability, grain yield, and straw yield were reduced by 50% at -12.4, -12.1, and -12.9°C, respectively, at Feekes 6 and -6.7, -7.2, and -7.4°C, respectively, at Feekes 8. At Feekes 10.5.1, grain yield was reduced by 50% at -4.9°C. Chlorophyll fluorescence, visual ratings, and fractional green canopy cover were used to measure freeze damage. Both chlorophyll fluorescence and fractional green canopy cover accurately estimated relative seed weight, but chlorophyll fluorescence can be measured 6 days earlier than fractional green canopy cover. Visual ratings over-estimated effects of freeze damage on relative seed weight. A second study was conducted in Clark County where three wheat cultivars ranging in FHB resistance were harvested early at a high grain moisture (>19%) then 5 to 7 d later at a regular harvest moisture (near 13%) to evaluate the effect on grain test weight, yield, Fusarium damaged kernels, and deoxynivalenol (DON). In 2016/2017, test weight and yield increased by harvesting early, while in 2017/2018, DON was higher at the early harvest date. A third study was conducted in Clark County and Wood County (only in 2017/2018) where four wheat cultivars ranging in maturity were harvested early, at a high grain moisture (>19%) and 5 to 7 d later at a regular harvest moisture (near 13%) to evaluate harvest effects on grain quality, yield, and profit. Harvesting early at a high moisture increased yield in 2016/2017, but test weight was higher at the regular harvest date at all site-years. All site-years received precipitation between harvest dates, but grain moistures were still high during the precipitation, so no significant rewetting occurred. High drying costs and low-test weight discounts at the early harvest date significantly reduced gross profit. In conclusion, the updated low-temperature guidelines and the use of chlorophyll fluorescence to estimate freeze damage can more accurately predict crop value following a freeze event, leaving producers more informed to manage the crop. However, harvesting early improved grain yield and quality in some years while early harvest treatments reduced gross profit at all site-years.

Download or read book Row Spacing Seeding Rate and Planting Date Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Soft Red Winter Wheat Triticum Aestivum L written by K. D. S. Mervyn Joseph and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 2312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Row Spacing Rate and Date of Planting on Yield and Yield Components of Four Winter Wheat Cultivars Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by Benacef Nadjib and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four winter wheat cultivars, Bezostaya, Maris-Hobbit, Roussalka and Stephens, selected on the basis of the diversity of their pedigree and phenotype, were planted at Hyslop Experiment Station near Corvallis in Western Oregon to study their performance at three different row spacings (10, 16 and 24 cm), three seeding rates (100, 160, and 240 Kg/ha) and at two seeding dates (October 13 and November 12). A similar experiment was conducted at the Sherman Experiment Station, Moro in Eastern Oregon, using only two winter wheat cultivars, Stephens and Jackmar. Data were obtained on grain yield, tillers and spikes per square meter, heading and anthesis date, plant height, kernels per spike, 1000 kernel weight, test weight and harvest index. At Hyslop Experiment Station, Stephens, Bezostaya and Roussalka produced maximum grain yield at 10 cm row spacing and 160 Kg/ha seeding rate, and Maris-Hobbit at 24 cm row spacing and 160 Kg/ha seeding rate. At Sherman Experiment Station, 30 cm row spacing and 90 Kg/ha seeding rate constitutes the best combination for Stephens, and 30 cm row spacing and 120 Kg/ha seeding rate for the club wheat Jackmar. The interaction between row spacings x cultivars and seeding rates x cultivars indicated that all the cultivars produced high numbers of tillers and spikes per m2 at narrow (10 cm) row spacing and high (240 Kg/ha) seeding rate. There were no significant differences between row spacings for heading and anthesis date. Lower seeding rate resulted in later heading date. The cultivar Roussalka was the earliest and Maris-Hobbit the latest in average heading date, Plant height decreased with increased row spacing and increased with increased seeding rate. The plants of the four cultivars were shorter at the second date than at the first. More kernels per spike were produced at the second than at the first date. An increase in seeding rates was accompanied by a decrease in the number of kernels per spike. There were no significant differences between the three row spacings, the three seeding rates and the four cultivars for test weight. The different row spacings and seeding rates did not affect the TOGO kernel weight. Considering the cultivars, Stephens produced a higher 1000 kernel weight at the two seeding dates than Maris- Hobbit, Bezostaya and Roussalka.

Download or read book Nitrogen in the Environment Sources Problems and Management written by R.F. Follett and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-03 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management is the first volume to provide a holistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen from field, to ecosystem, to treatment of urban and rural drinking water supplies, while also including a historical overview, human health impacts and policy considerations. It provides a worldwide perspective on nitrogen and agriculture. Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements required in agricultural systems for the production of crops for feed, food and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Strategies and perspectives are considered to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Issues of nitrogen in crop and human nutrition, and transport and transformations along the continuum from farm field to ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed. Described are aerial transport of nitrogen from livestock and agricultural systems and the potential for deposition and impacts. The current status of nitrogen in the environment in selected terrestrial and coastal environments and crop and forest ecosystems and development of emerging technologies to minimize nitrogen impacts on the environment are addressed. The nitrogen cycle provides a framework for assessing broad scale or even global strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Growing human populations are the driving force that requires increased nitrogen inputs. These increasing inputs into the food-production system directly result in increased livestock and human-excretory nitrogen contribution into the environment. The scope of this book is diverse, covering a range of topics and issues from furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment to policy considerations at both farm and national scales.

Download or read book The effect of rate and spacing on growth and yield of soft red winter written by Syed Bahauddin Shahed and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.

Download or read book The Effect of Rate and Date of Seeding on Yield of Spring and Winter Wheat written by Arthur Herman Post and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nitrogen and Water Impacts on Hard Red Spring Wheat Triticum Aestivum Yield Quality Canopy Reflectance and Income in South Dakota written by Cheryl Reese and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimizing Nitrogen Management for Soft Red Winter Wheat Yield Grain Protein and Grain Quality Using Precision Agriculture and Remote Sensing Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to improve nitrogen (N) management for soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in North Carolina with three areas of focus: delayed harvest effects on grain quality, explaining grain protein variability caused by management practices, and developing N recommendations at growth stage (GS) 30 using aerial color infrared (CIR) photography. Delayed harvest significantly reduced grain yield and test weight in the majority of trials. Yield reductions were attributed to dry, warm environments, possibly due to shattering. Test weight reductions were attributed to the negative effects of wetting and drying cycles. Of the 20 quality parameters investigated, flour falling number, clear flour, and farinograph breakdown times were significantly reduced due to delayed harvest, while grain deoxynivalenol (DON) levels increased with a delayed harvest. Environment contributed to grain protein variability (23%), though the majority of that variability was attributed to N management (52%). It was found that as grain protein levels increased at higher N rates and with the majority of N applied at GS 30, the overall grain protein variability increased. The recommendations to reduce grain protein variability are; to reduce the range in N fertilizer rates used, to avoid over application of N beyond what is required to optimize yields, and to apply spring N at GS 25. Relationships between derived agronomic optimum N rates and three spectral bands and 39 indexes were weak, but after separating the data into two biomass classes (low 1000 kg ha-1 and high 1000 kg ha-1), the relationships of optimum N rates with a relative Red and Green bands (relative to a high N-status reference plot) had the best (quadratic) relationships (R2 = 0.80 and 0.81, respectively) for the high biomass class. These results indicate that agronomic optimum N rates at GS 30 can be estimated using aerial CIR photographs if areas of low and high biomass can be determined.

Download or read book Grain Yield and Quality Effects of a Late Spring Freeze on Soft Red Winter Wheat written by Andrew Lee Baucom and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hard Red Winter and Hard Red Spring Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Response to Fertilizer N Rates and Application Method written by Ajmal Khan and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Winter Wheat Performance as Influenced by Seeding Dates and Rates and the Impact of Seed Treatment written by Brian J. Dahlke and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Temperature and Moisture Effects on Stand Establishment of Seven Winter Wheat Cultivars and Selected Progeny Triticum Aestivum L Em Thell written by Michael Patrick Conway and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory studies were conducted under different temperature and moisture regimes to evaluate the effects of temperature and moisture on stand establishment and seedling characteristics associated with stand establishment. Percent stand and days to 25% emergence were used as indexes of stand establishment. Seedling characteristics analyzed were: shoot length, coleoptile length, seedling dry weight, and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) content. Each of these characteristics were tested with regards to predicting stand establishment over a wide range of temperature and moisture conditions. Experiments on stand establishment were also conducted under field conditions at the Sherman Experiment Station in north-central Oregon. The degree of association between stand establishment estimates obtained in the field and estimates of stand establishments obtained in the laboratory was determined. Attempts were also made to determine the mode of inheritance of coleoptile length and Adenosine Triphosphate and the association of these characteristics with stand establishment in early generations. Seven soft white winter wheat cultivars (Yamhill, Moro, Stephens, McDermid, Hyslop, Luke, and Daws) were used in the laboratory and field experiments. Parents, F1 s, and F2s from crosses among four of the cultivars (Yamhill, Moro, McDermid, and Daws) were utilized in the inheritance studies of coleoptile length and ATP. Broad sense heritability estimates for coleoptile length were computed using the parental and F2 variances. Frequency distribution of coleoptile length were tested for their fit to normality by use of the chi square test. Narrow sense heritability estimates for coleoptile length and Adenosine Triphosphate were computed using the standard unit (correlation) and regression methods. Three temperatures levels 8, 15, and 22°C) and three soil moisture levels ( -2, -4, and -6 bars) were used to study the effects of temperature and moisture on stand establishment and stand establishment characteristics of the seven cultivars in the laboratory. Different temperature and moisture levels exhibited significant effects on percent stand, days to 25% emergence, shoot length, coleoptile length, seedling dry weight, and ATP. Increasing temperature from 8 to 22°C resulted in decreases in percent stand, days to 25% emergence, and coleoptile length. Shoot length, seedling dry weight, and ATP increased as temperature was increased from 8 to 22°C. Increasing moisture stress from -2 to -6 bars had a significant negative effect on percent stand, emergence rate, and each of the seedling characteristics studied. Coleoptile length was found to be the best predictor of percent stand over the entire range of temperature and moisture combinations utilized in the laboratory. Percent stand was observed to decrease whenever coleoptile length was less than the depth of planting. Shoot length was found to be the best predictor of days to 25% emergence over the entire range of temperature and moisture levels. Semi-dwarf cultivars produced poorer stands than tall cultivars due to their coleoptile length. This difference in stand establishment capability was most pronounced under the warmest temperature (22°C) and the greatest moisture stress ( -6 bars). Estimates of minimum gene number together with data obtained from frequency distribution indicated that the inheritance of coleoptile length was controlled by one to three major genes and possibly some modifier genes. The close agreement between broad and narrow sense heritability estimates indicated that the expression of coleoptile length is controlled primarily by additive gene action. This suggests that selection for coleoptile length in early generations should give reliable estimates of coleoptile length expression in later generations. The heritability of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) was found to be subject to cytoplasmic influence. Maternal effects in the F1 generation, the occurrence of considerable inbreeding depression in the F2 generation, and relatively low narrow sense heritability estimates suggest that ATP can not be used as a selection character for seedling vigor in early generations of wheat in a conventional breeding program. Several characteristics (coleoptile length, ATP, plant height, and seed weight) were tested for their association with percent stand in the F 1 and F2 populations. None of these characteristics were significantly correlated with percent stand. Of these characteristics, coleoptile length produced the highest correlations with percent stand in the F 1 and F2 generations. The use of coleoptile length as a selection character for percent stand in early generations appears promising.