Download or read book Spectroscopie infrarouge haute r solution en temps pour l tude de la catalyse h t rog ne written by Etienne Séguin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La spectrométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier permet maintenant d'atteindre des résolutions temporelles de l'ordre de la dizaine de nanoseconde. Nous avons utilisé cette résolution temporelle pour bâtir de nouvelles méthodes d'étude de la catalyse hétérogène. Selon les échelles de temps considérées, de la micro- à la nanoseconde, nous avons étudiés trois domaines principaux, et mis au point trois méthodes expérimentales. Le système de « saut de pression des espèces adsorbées » (2D-IR PJAS) qui permet d’étudier la diffusion de gaz dans des solides poreux a été optimisé pour atteindre la μs, et testé sur une réaction de dimérisation en phase gaz d’un acide carboxylique en estimant des constantes de vitesse de la réaction. Il a ensuite permis de valider un modèle proposé dans la littérature avec l’étude de l’adsorption de benzène sur les hydroxyles d’une zéolithe HY. Le second volet de cette étude a porté sur la conception et la réalisation d’une cellule réacteur IR/micro-ondes 5,8 GHz qui permet l’étude d’une élévation rapide de la température associée à une observation infrarouge du catalyseur sous flux de réactifs. Ce dispositif novateur a permis la détection d’espèces intermédiaires dans une réaction de réduction catalytique sélective du dioxyde d’azote par du méthane. Enfin, nous avons couplé un laser femtoseconde avec un spectromètre IRTF en step scan à 33ns pour étudier les phénomènes de surface ayant des cinétiques très rapides. Nous avons ainsi réalisé la première détection d’un intermédiaire de réaction d’une durée de vie de 2 μs en catalyse hétérogène de déNOx sur argent supporté sur alumine.
Download or read book Etude Par Spectroscopie Infrarouge de Catalyseurs Pour L hydrod soxyg nation D huiles Issues de la Biomasse de 2nde G n ration written by Elena Kondratyeva and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conversion of ligno-cellulosic biomass into liquid fuels may be achieved by treatment of bio-oils produced by pyrolysis of this biomass. Those bio-oils are upgraded by HydroDeOxygenation (HDO) in presence of conventional hydrotreating catalyst in sulfided form, where the oxygen can be removed through water and/or carbon oxides production. The question of the stability of these catalysts in the presence of phenolic compounds and water, a major product of HDO reaction, is one of the key points that will determine the viability of this process. The stability of sulfided (Co)Mo catalysts was investigated using oxygenated compounds ((ethyl)phenol, guaiacol, water) and CO adsorption followed by IR spectroscopy. On a sulfided CoMo catalyst supported on alumina, oxygenated compounds mainly interact with alumina support through dissociative mechanism leading to the formation of strongly adsorbed phenate type species, whereas they do not interact strongly with the sulfide phase. The decrease of the accessibility to CO adsorption of the sulfide sites after contact with oxygenated compounds is explained by indirect poisoning of the sulfide edge sites by phenate type species anchored on the support. The influence of water also leads to a strong and irreversible decrease in the number of unpromoted Mo sites, while the poisoning of the Co-promoted sites occurs to a lower extent and is fully reversible. Consequently, the decrease of the amount of phenate type species anchored on the alumina support by decreasing the amount or strength of the acid-base paired sites of the support is a way to limit deactivation. This could be achieved using silica as support, whereas a preparation route allowing the deposition of highly dispersed sulfide phase on silica should be developed. Consequently, the most promising route to limit phenates formation while maintaining the sulfide phase dispersion of CoMo catalyst will be the incorporation of fluorine in alumina.
Download or read book tude par spectroscopie infrarouge et spectroscopie hertzienne de la nature des interactions entre catalyseurs et esp ces chimisorb es written by Marcel Prettre and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Caract risation par spectroscopie Infra rouge Operando des esp ces absorb es et r actionnelles en catalyse d oxydation written by Fanny Colinot and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dans un contexte de protection de l’environnement sont développés de nouveaux systèmes de combustion (LTC) qui permettront de diminuer à la fois la consommation de carburant et les émissions de CO2 et de NOx. Les basses températures de fonctionnement de ce type de moteur entrainent cependant de fortes concentrations de CO et d’hydrocarbures imbrulées dans les gaz d’échappement. La conception de catalyseurs d’oxydation plus actifs à basse température est donc nécessaire pour pallier les futures normes anti-pollution EURO 6. Ces travaux de recherches portent sur la caractérisation par spectroscopie infrarouge in situ et operando de différents catalyseurs, choisis pour leurs performances accrues en catalyse d’oxydation totale. L’étude IR operando est une technique pertinente permettant d’analyser, sous un flux représentatif des échappements post-combustion, les espèces réactionnelles adsorbées sur la surface du matériau catalytique et les performances de ce dernier simultanément. Les résultats de ces analyses ont permis de mettre en évidence des différences de fonctionnement entre les matériaux imprégnées de platine et ceux imprégnés de palladium. Tous les catalyseurs imprégnés de Pd ont présentés globalement des performances supérieures à ceux imprégnés de Pt. On observe en particulier l’innocuité des catalyseurs à base de palladium vis-à-vis de l’oxydation de NO en NO2. D’autre part, une meilleure dispersion du palladium permet de conserver l’activité catalytique tout en réduisant la quantité de métal. Le catalyseur Pd/ZrPrO2 a montré les performances les plus prometteuses et a fait l’objet d’une étude détaillée (stabilité, optimisation...).
Download or read book Dictionary of Building and Civil Engineering written by Don Montague and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1996 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dual-language dictionary lists over 20,000 specialist terms in both French and English, covering architecture, building, engineering and property terms. It meets the needs of all building professionals working on projects overseas. It has been comprehensively researched and compiled to provide an invaluable reference source in an increasingly European marketplace.
Download or read book Molecular Beam Epitaxy written by John Wilfred Orton and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a history of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) as applied to the growth of semiconductor thin films (note that it does not cover the subject of metal thin films). It begins by examining the origins of MBE, first of all looking at the nature of molecular beams and considering their application to fundamental physics, to the development of nuclear magnetic resonance and to the invention of the microwave MASER. It shows how molecular beams of silane (SiH4) were used to study the nucleation of silicon films on a silicon substrate and how such studies were extended to compound semiconductors such as GaAs. From such surface studies in ultra-high vacuum the technique developed into a method of growing high quality single crystal films of a wide range of semiconductors. Comparing this with earlier evaporation methods of deposition and with other epitaxial deposition methods such as liquid phase and vapour phase epitaxy (LPE and VPE). The text describes the development of MBE machines from the early 'home-made' variety to that of commercial equipment and show how MBE was gradually refined to produce high quality films with atomic dimensions. This was much aided by the use of various in-situ surface analysis techniques, such as reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and mass spectrometry, a feature unique to MBE. It looks at various modified versions of the basic MBE process, then proceed to describe their application to the growth of so-called 'low-dimensional structures' (LDS) based on ultra-thin heterostructure films with thickness of order a few molecular monolayers. Further chapters cover the growth of a wide range of different compounds and describe their application to fundamental physics and to the fabrication of electronic and opto-electronic devices. The authors study the historical development of all these aspects and emphasise both the (often unexpected) manner of their discovery and development and the unique features which MBE brings to the growth of extremely complex structures with monolayer accuracy.
Download or read book An Introduction to Surface Analysis by XPS and AES written by John F. Watts and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a concise yet comprehensive introduction to XPS and AES techniques in surface analysis This accessible second edition of the bestselling book, An Introduction to Surface Analysis by XPS and AES, 2nd Edition explores the basic principles and applications of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) techniques. It starts with an examination of the basic concepts of electron spectroscopy and electron spectrometer design, followed by a qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the electron spectrum. Chapters examine recent innovations in instrument design and key applications in metallurgy, biomaterials, and electronics. Practical and concise, it includes compositional depth profiling; multi-technique analysis; and everything about samples—including their handling, preparation, stability, and more. Topics discussed in more depth include peak fitting, energy loss background analysis, multi-technique analysis, and multi-technique profiling. The book finishes with chapters on applications of electron spectroscopy in materials science and the comparison of XPS and AES with other analytical techniques. Extensively revised and updated with new material on NAPXPS, twin anode monochromators, gas cluster ion sources, valence band spectra, hydrogen detection, and quantification Explores key spectroscopic techniques in surface analysis Provides descriptions of latest instruments and techniques Includes a detailed glossary of key surface analysis terms Features an extensive bibliography of key references and additional reading Uses a non-theoretical style to appeal to industrial surface analysis sectors An Introduction to Surface Analysis by XPS and AES, 2nd Edition is an excellent introductory text for undergraduates, first-year postgraduates, and industrial users of XPS and AES.
Download or read book Traditional Mediterranean Architecture written by Amin Maalouf and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Narratives of fear and safety written by Kaisa Kaukiainen and published by BoD - Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this edited volume, written in English and French, tackle the intriguing problems of fear and safety by analysing their various meanings and manifestations in literature and other narrative media. The articles bring forth new, cross-cultural interpretations on fear and safety through examining what kinds of genre-specific means of world-making narratives use to express these two affectivities. The articles also show how important it is to study these themes in order to understand challenges in times of global threats, such as the climate crisis. The main themes of the book are approached from various theoretical perspectives as related to their literary and cultural representations. Recent trends in research, such as affect and risk theory, serve as the basis for the discussion. The articles in the volume also draw from disciplines such as gender studies and trauma studies to examine the threats posed by collective fears and aggression on individuals' lives and propose ways of coping with fear. These themes are addressed also in articles analysing new adaptations of old myths that retell stories of the past. Many of the articles in the volume discuss apocalyptic and dystopian narratives that currently permeate the entire cultural landscape. Dystopian narratives do not only deal with future threats, such as totalitarianism, technocracy, or environmental disasters, but also suggest alternative ways of being and new hopes in the form of political resistance.
Download or read book The Citizenship Experiment written by René Koekkoek and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the United States, France and the Dutch Republic in the revolutionary 1790s, The Citizenship Experiment explores the convergence and divergence of Atlantic citizenship ideals in light of the Haitian Revolution and the French revolutionary Terror.
Download or read book Before We Visit the Goddess written by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2017-04-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A new novel from the author of Oleander Girl, a novel in stories, built around crucial moments in the lives of 3 generations of women in an Indian/Indian-American Family"--
Download or read book Agrochimica written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic matter and soil productivity; Turnover of plant residues; Mineralization of organic compounds; Dynamics of organic forms of nitrogen; Nitrogen economy; Biodegradation of organic matter; Biochemical transformation of organic matter; Bitumens in soil organic matter; Characterization of humic acids; Carbon dating; Modern techniques and their implact on soil organic matter research; Sludge; Soil organic matter components and plant metabolism; Interaction between agrochemicals and organic matter; Peat.
Download or read book Energy Technology Perspectives 2010 written by International Energy Agency and published by Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development. This book was released on 2010 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2010 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives examines the extent to which an energy technology revolution is taking place, the key technologies that are emerging, the costs and benefits of these technologies, and policies needed to foster their use. ETP 2010 presents updated scenarios from the present to 2050 that show which new technologies will be most important in key sectors and in different regions of the world. It highlights the importance of finance to achieve change, examines the implications of the scenarios for energy security and looks at how to accelerate the deployment of low-carbon technologies in major developing countries. It presents roadmaps and transition pathways for spurring deployment of the most important clean technologies and for overcoming existing barriers. With extensive data, projections and analysis, Energy Technology Perspectives 2010 provides decision makers with the detailed information and insights needed to accelerate the switch to a more secure, low-carbon energy future.
Download or read book Phytochemicals in Nutrition and Health written by Mark S. Meskin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-03-19 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are soy isoflavones neuroprotective? Just how different is one species of Echinacea from another? Which phytochemicals will be effective as therapeutic agents in vivo? Supported by solid scientific research, Phytochemicals in Nutrition and Health helps provide answers to these and other probing questions concerning the mechanisms of action associat
Download or read book Tribal Wisdom for Business Ethics written by Grace Ann Rosile and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, leading native and non-native scholars present a fascinating view of American Indian tribal values and indigenous cultures. This 'Tribal Wisdom' offers an ethic of business practice that is relationship-based and community-oriented, fostering a harmonious web of life which includes the natural environment.
Download or read book Biowarfare in America written by Jim Keith and published by Illuminet Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The era of chemical and biological megadeath is upon us, and the potential of deadly biowarfare attacks from governments, militant independent groups, and even individuals is far greater than it has been at any time in the past. At this time, more than twenty-five countries are developing, or have stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, in many cases in sufficient quantities to wipe out the entire population of the world. So far the danger of chemical and biological aggression has been little acknowledged, and, at least in America, little prepared for by federal and local government. Most terrorist threats and attacks are not widely reported in the mainstream media. Although information about the proliferation of man-made diseases is carefully suppressed by governments and the media they will be covered in the pages of this book. Not only is America unprepared and ignorant of what is happening, but the people in government and scientific professions who do know, who should be warning the American public about the dangers of chemical and biological terrorism, are instead doing their utmost to hide this information from us; information that is vital for our survival.The information that is contained in the pages of this book will not be measured or calculated to reassure people that everything is fine, when reassurance is the exact opposite of what is needed at this time. It may even give you nightmares when you realise the real circumstance that we are in. The information in the pages that follow will be the truth about the biowarfare threat to America.
Download or read book Poetry by Women in Ireland written by Lucy Collins and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncovering the hidden history of poetry written by women in Ireland from 1870 to 1970, this anthology includes more than 180 poems by fifteen women with diverse backgrounds, experiences, and creative aims. Challenging the assumption that women wrote little poetry of note during this period, this rich and original collection reveals the range of their achievement and the lasting value of their work. Presented alongside biographical sketches of their authors, the poems span the political and the personal. From nationalist ballads to modernist lyrics, this book is an essential resource for students and scholars of Irish literature.
