Download or read book Mastering Ethereum written by Andreas M. Antonopoulos and published by O'Reilly Media. This book was released on 2018-11-13 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethereum represents the gateway to a worldwide, decentralized computing paradigm. This platform enables you to run decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts that have no central points of failure or control, integrate with a payment network, and operate on an open blockchain. With this practical guide, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood provide everything you need to know about building smart contracts and DApps on Ethereum and other virtual-machine blockchains. Discover why IBM, Microsoft, NASDAQ, and hundreds of other organizations are experimenting with Ethereum. This essential guide shows you how to develop the skills necessary to be an innovator in this growing and exciting new industry. Run an Ethereum client, create and transmit basic transactions, and program smart contracts Learn the essentials of public key cryptography, hashes, and digital signatures Understand how "wallets" hold digital keys that control funds and smart contracts Interact with Ethereum clients programmatically using JavaScript libraries and Remote Procedure Call interfaces Learn security best practices, design patterns, and anti-patterns with real-world examples Create tokens that represent assets, shares, votes, or access control rights Build decentralized applications using multiple peer-to-peer (P2P) components

Download or read book Out of the Ether written by Matthew Leising and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover how $55 million in cryptocurrency vanished in one of the most bizarre thefts in history Out of the Ether: The Amazing Story of Ethereum and the $55 Million Heist that Almost Destroyed It All tells the astonishing tale of the disappearance of $55 million worth of the cryptocurrency ether in June 2016. It also chronicles the creation of the Ethereum blockchain from the mind of inventor Vitalik Buterin to the ragtag group of people he assembled around him to build the second-largest crypto universe after Bitcoin. Celebrated journalist and author Matthew Leising tells the full story of one of the most incredible chapters in cryptocurrency history. He covers the aftermath of the heist as well, explaining the extreme lengths the victims of the theft and the creators of Ethereum went to in order to try and limit the damage. The book covers: The creation of Ethereum An explanation of the nature of blockchain and cryptocurrency The activities of a colorful cast of hackers, coders, investors, and thieves Perfect for anyone with even a passing interest in the world of modern fintech or daring electronic heists, Out of the Ether is a story of genius and greed that’s so incredible you may just choose not to believe it.

Download or read book Proof of Stake written by Vitalik Buterin and published by Seven Stories Press. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new book from one of TIME's 2021 most influential people Author was in Forbes 30 Under 30 Hall of Fame "A crucial contribution to development of a new technology that will impact all of our lives.” –Laura Shin, host of the Unchained podcast and author of The Cryptopians: Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze “Vitalik Buterin is one of the most influential creators of our generation....Like most of his work, it is sure to become a must-read.”–Camila Russo, author of The Infinite Machine, founder of The Defiant The ideas behind Ethereum in the words of its founder, describing a radical vision for more than a digital currency—reinventing organizations, economics, and democracy itself in the age of the internet. When he was only nineteen years old, in late 2013, Vitalik Buterin published a visionary paper outlining the ideas behind what would become Ethereum. He proposed to take what Bitcoin did for currency—replace government and corporate power with power shared among users—and apply it to everyday apps, organizations, and society as a whole. Now, less than a decade later, Ethereum is the second-most-valuable cryptocurrency and serves as the foundation for the weird new world of NFT artworks, virtual real estate in the metaverse, and decentralized autonomous organizations. The essays in Proof of Stake have guided Ethereum’s community of radicals and builders. Here for the first time they are collected from across the internet for new readers. They reveal Buterin as a lively, creative thinker, relentlessly curious and adventuresome in exploring the consequences of his invention. His writing stands in contrast to the hype that so often accompanies crypto in the public imagination. He presents it instead as a fascinating set of social, economic, and political possibilities, opening a window into a conversation that far more of us could be having. Media scholar Nathan Schneider provides introductions and notes.

Download or read book The Cryptopians written by Laura Shin and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of the idealists, technologists, and opportunists fighting to bring cryptocurrency to the masses. In their short history, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies have gone through booms, busts, and internecine wars, recently reaching a market valuation of more than $2 trillion. The central promise of crypto endures—vast fortunes made from decentralized networks not controlled by any single entity and not yet regulated by many governments. The recent growth of crypto would have been all but impossible if not for a brilliant young man named Vitalik Buterin and his creation: Ethereum. In this book, Laura Shin takes readers inside the founding of this novel cryptocurrency network, which enabled users to launch their own new coins, thus creating a new crypto fever. She introduces readers to larger-than-life characters like Buterin, the Web3 wunderkind; his short-lived CEO, Charles Hoskinson; and Joe Lubin, a former Goldman Sachs VP who became one of crypto’s most well-known billionaires. Sparks fly as these outsized personalities fight for their piece of a seemingly limitless new business opportunity. This fascinating book shows the crypto market for what it really is: a deeply personal struggle to influence the coming revolution in money, culture, and power.

Download or read book Introducing Ethereum and Solidity written by Chris Dannen and published by Apress. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to use Solidity and the Ethereum project – second only to Bitcoin in market capitalization. Blockchain protocols are taking the world by storm, and the Ethereum project, with its Turing-complete scripting language Solidity, has rapidly become a front-runner. This book presents the blockchain phenomenon in context; then situates Ethereum in a world pioneered by Bitcoin. See why professionals and non-professionals alike are honing their skills in smart contract patterns and distributed application development. You'll review the fundamentals of programming and networking, alongside its introduction to the new discipline of crypto-economics. You'll then deploy smart contracts of your own, and learn how they can serve as a back-end for JavaScript and HTML applications on the Web. Many Solidity tutorials out there today have the same flaw: they are written for “advanced” JavaScript developers who want to transfer their skills to a blockchain environment. Introducing Ethereum and Solidity is accessible to technology professionals and enthusiasts of all levels. You’ll find exciting sample code that can move forward real world assets in both the academic and the corporate arenas. Find out now why this book is a powerful gateway for creative technologists of all types, from concept to deployment. What You’ll Learn See how Ethereum (and other cryptocurrencies) work Compare distributed apps (dapps) to web apps Write Ethereum smart contracts in Solidity Connect Ethereum smart contracts to your HTML/CSS/JavaScript web applications Deploy your own dapp, coin, and blockchain Work with basic and intermediate smart contracts Who This Book Is For Anyone who is curious about Ethereum or has some familiarity with computer science Product managers, CTOs, and experienced JavaScript programmers Experts will find the advanced sample projects in this book rewarding because of the power of Solidity

Download or read book Ethereum For Dummies written by Michael G. Solomon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dive into a secure future Professionals look to Ethereum as a blockchain-based platform to develop safe applications and conduct secure transactions. It takes a knowledgeable guiding hand to understand how Ethereum works and what it does — and Ethereum For Dummies provides that guidance. Written by one of the leading voices in the blockchain community and best selling author of Blockchain For Dummies, this book demystifies the workings of Ethereum and shows how it can enhance security, transactions, and investments. As an emerging application of blockchain technology, Ethereum attracts a wide swath of professionals ranging from financial pros who see it as a way to enhance their business, security analysts who want to conduct secure transactions, programmers who build apps that employ the Ethereum blockchain, or investors interested in cashing in on the rise of cryptocurrency. Ethereum For Dummies offers a starting point to all members of this audience as it provides easy-to-understand explanation of the tools and techniques of using Ethereum. Understand the fundamentals of Ethereum Build smart contracts Create decentralized applications Examine public and private chains If you need to get a grip on one of the biggest applications of blockchain technology, this book makes it easier.

Download or read book Learn Ethereum written by Xun (Brian) Wu and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2019-09-20 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the blockchain-based decentralized platform and understand how Ethereum works with Dapps examples Key Features Explore the Ethereum ecosystem and understand the latest research on the platform Build decentralized apps (Dapps) using smart contracts and Ethereum with the help of practical examples Learn to make your decentralized applications fast and highly secure Book DescriptionEthereum is a blockchain-based, decentralized computing platform that allows running smart contracts. This book provides a basic overview of how Ethereum works, its ecosystem, mining process, and the consensus mechanism. It also demonstrates a step-by-step approach for building decentralized applications. This book begins with the very basics of Blockchain technology. Then it dives deep into the Ethereum architecture, framework and tools in its ecosystem. It also provides you an overview of ongoing research on Ethereum, for example, Layer 1 and 2 scaling solution, Stablecoin, ICO/STO/IEO, etc. Next, it explains Solidity language in detail, and provides step-by-step instructions for designing, developing, testing, deploying, and monitoring decentralized applications. In addition, you’ll learn how to use Truffle, Remix, Infura, Metamask, and many other Ethereum technologies. It’ll also help you develop your own cryptocurrency by creating ERC20, and ERC721 smart contracts from scratch. Finally, we explain private blockchains, and you learn how to interact with smart contracts through wallets.What you will learn Understand the concepts of blockchain and cryptocurrency Master Ethereum development tools such as Truffle, Remix IDE and Infura Delve into smart contract development Develop DApps frontend using Node.js, React.js, and Web3js API Learn Etherscan and other tools to secure and monitor smart contracts Develop and debug smart contracts by working with Remix Apply Truffle suite to compile, migrate, and unit test smart contracts Explore smart contracts such as ERC20 token and decentralized digital market Who this book is forThis book is for all developers and architects who want to explore Ethereum blockchain fundamentals and get started with building real-world decentralized applications. Knowledge of an object-oriented programming language such as JavaScript will be useful but not mandatory.

Download or read book Learn Ethereum written by Xun (Brian) Wu and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2023-08-31 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the beacon chain, Ethereum's PoS consensus, and the upcoming merge of Eth1 and Eth2, along with the challenges of scaling Ethereum, and an overview of L1 and L2 scaling solutions Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Key Features Learn new development with Ethereum 2.0 and the planned merge of Eth1 and Eth2 Build, develop, and test end-to-end Ethereum dApps using Solidity, Node.js, and Web3 Setup private blockchains with Ethereum and delve into its wallets system Book DescriptionEthereum is a blockchain-based, decentralized computing platform that allows you to run smart contracts. With this book, you’ll discover the latest Ethereum tools, frameworks, wallets, and layer 2, along with setting up and running decentralized applications for the complete, end-to-end development experience. Learn Ethereum, 2nd Edition is a comprehensive overview of the Ethereum ecosystem, exploring its concepts, mechanisms, and decentralized application development process. You’ll delve into Ethereum's internals, technologies, and tools, including Ethereum 2.0 and the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), gas, and its account systems. You’ll also explore Ethereum's transition to proof of stake, L1/L2 scaling solutions, DeFi protocols, and the current marketplace. Additionally, you’ll learn about EVM-compatible blockchains, connectivity techniques, and advanced topics such as sharding, off-chain scaling, DAOs, Metaverse, and NFTs. By the end of this book, you’ll be well-equipped to write smart contracts and develop, test, and deploy DApps using various tools, wallets, and frameworks.What you will learn Understand blockchain, cryptocurrency, and architectures Explore decentralized finance protocols Grasp how EVM-compatible blockchain networks work Discover the latest developments in Ethereum Use Solidity and Web3 API fundamentals on blockchain frameworks Develop your own personalized cryptocurrency Build tailor-made smart contracts and NFT marketplace DApps Set up an Ethereum private chain Who this book is forThis book is for blockchain developers and architects looking to learn the Ethereum blockchain fundamentals and those who want to build real-world decentralized applications using Solidity. Basic knowledge of an object-oriented programming language such as JavaScript will be useful but not mandatory.

Download or read book Building Ethereum Dapps written by Roberto Infante and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary Building Ethereum Dapps introduces you to decentralized applications based on the Ethereum blockchain platform. In this book, you'll learn the principles of Dapps development by rolling up your sleeves and actually building a few! Foreword by Thomas Bertani. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology Imagine unbreakably secure applications that handle personal and business transactions without any central agency controlling the process. Decentralized applications, or Dapps, do just this, shifting power to users. The Ethereum blockchain platform provides the tools you need to build Dapps, including an innovative "smart contracts" model and Solidity, a Dapp-aware JavaScript-like programming language. About the Book Building Ethereum Dapps teaches Dapps development on the Ethereum blockchain platform. You'll begin with a mental model of how Dapps operate, and then dive into designing and implementing smart contracts in Ethereum's Solidity language. You'll explore Ethereum smart contract development tools, like Truffle and Web3, and pick up best practices for design and security. Practical exercises throughout give you valuable hands-on experience. What's inside Ethereum's key components Implementing smart contracts in Solidity Communicating with a smart contract in Web3 Developing Dapps with Truffle Best practices for design and security improvement About the Reader For developers with intermediate experience in JavaScript or an OO language. Familiarity with blockchain concepts is helpful. About the Author Roberto Infante is a software development consultant who specializes in finance. He currently works on financial risk management systems and on blockchain technology. Table of Contents PART 1 A first look at decentralized applications Understanding the blockchain The Ethereum platform Deploying your first smart contract PART 2 Programming smart contracts in Solidity Writing more complex smart contracts Generalizing functionality with abstract contracts and interfaces Managing smart contracts with Web3.js PART 3 The Ethereum ecosystem Unit testing contracts with Mocha Improving the development cycle with Truffle Putting it all together: Building a complete voting Dapp PART 4 Making a Dapp production ready Security considerations Conclusions

Download or read book Ethereum written by Gavin S. Finney and published by E.C. Publishing via PublishDrive. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn Ethereum today to start reaching your investing and money making goals! Learn how to invest in Ethereum in no time! - Do you want to invest in cryptocurrencies but all the information available on the Internet seems to be overwhelming? - Do you want to invest in the cryptocurrency Ethereum, but don't know where to start? - Do you want to know more about buying and investing in this futuristic currency? Well, if your answer is yes to all the questions, then look no further! This is the perfect book for you! The success of Bitcoins encouraged Vitalik Buterin to create Ethereum. The value of this digitized currency has increased exponentially in the recent times and it will keep increasing. Therefore, it is essential that you are thoroughly informed about Ethereum before you decide to make any investments! In this book, you will learn about: ● What is Ethereum ● Ethereum Mining ● Ethereum Wallets ● The Ethereum Exchange ● Investing in Ethereum ● Up to date Ethereum news and information ... and much, much more!

Download or read book ETHEREUM written by NARAYAN CHANGDER and published by CHANGDER OUTLINE. This book was released on 2024-03-09 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE ETHEREUM MCQ (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS) SERVES AS A VALUABLE RESOURCE FOR INDIVIDUALS AIMING TO DEEPEN THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF VARIOUS COMPETITIVE EXAMS, CLASS TESTS, QUIZ COMPETITIONS, AND SIMILAR ASSESSMENTS. WITH ITS EXTENSIVE COLLECTION OF MCQS, THIS BOOK EMPOWERS YOU TO ASSESS YOUR GRASP OF THE SUBJECT MATTER AND YOUR PROFICIENCY LEVEL. BY ENGAGING WITH THESE MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS, YOU CAN IMPROVE YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT, IDENTIFY AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT, AND LAY A SOLID FOUNDATION. DIVE INTO THE ETHEREUM MCQ TO EXPAND YOUR ETHEREUM KNOWLEDGE AND EXCEL IN QUIZ COMPETITIONS, ACADEMIC STUDIES, OR PROFESSIONAL ENDEAVORS. THE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS ARE PROVIDED AT THE END OF EACH PAGE, MAKING IT EASY FOR PARTICIPANTS TO VERIFY THEIR ANSWERS AND PREPARE EFFECTIVELY.

Download or read book Ethereum written by Tim Mathis and published by Level Up Lifestyle Limited. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever heard of bitcoin? Well, Ethereum is going to be similar to bitcoin and it is going to be a platform where you can mine coins known as ether. Ethereum is a new platform that is going to continue to develop and all of the users of Ethereum are going to be a part of history as it continues to grow. Ethereum will allow you to mine much like bitcoin, however, the sad thing is that it is still a digital currency that is not accepted everywhere. Although, when it is accepted, you are going to have the digital currency built up and will not have to worry about jumping on the bandwagon because you were already on it!

Download or read book The Infinite Machine written by Camila Russo and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with the verve of such works as The Big Short, The History of the Future, and The Spider Network, here is the fascinating, true story of the rise of Ethereum, the second-biggest digital asset in the world, the growth of cryptocurrency, and the future of the internet as we know it. Everyone has heard of Bitcoin, but few know about the second largest cryptocurrency, Ethereum, which has been heralded as the "next internet." The story of Ethereum begins with Vitalik Buterin, a supremely gifted nineteen-year-old autodidact who saw the promise of blockchain when the technology was in its earliest stages. He convinced a crack group of coders to join him in his quest to make a super-charged, global computer. The Infinite Machine introduces Vitalik’s ingenious idea and unfolds Ethereum’s chaotic beginnings. It then explores the brilliant innovation and reckless greed the platform—an infinitely adaptable foundation for experimentation and new applications—has unleashed and the consequences that resulted as the frenzy surrounding it grew: increased regulatory scrutiny, incipient Wall Street interest, and the founding team’s effort to get the Ethereum platform to scale so it can eventually be accessible to the masses. Financial journalist and cryptocurrency expert Camila Russo details the wild and often hapless adventures of a team of hippy-anarchists, reluctantly led by an ambivalent visionary, and lays out how this new foundation for the internet will spur both transformation and fraud—turning some into millionaires and others into felons—and revolutionize our ideas about money.

Download or read book Hands On Smart Contract Development with Solidity and Ethereum written by Kevin Solorio and published by O'Reilly Media. This book was released on 2019-11-25 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ready to dive into smart contract development for the blockchain? With this practical guide, experienced engineers and beginners alike will quickly learn the entire process for building smart contracts for Ethereum--the open source blockchain-based distributed computing platform. You'llget up to speed with the fundamentals and quickly move into builder mode. Kevin Solorio, Randall Kanna, and Dave Hoover show you how to create and test your own smart contract, create a frontend for users to interact with, and more. It's the perfect resource for people who want to break into the smart contract field but don't know where to start. In four parts, this book helps you: Explore smart contract fundamentals, including the Ethereum protocol, Solidity programming language, and the Ethereum Virtual Machine Dive into smart contract development using Solidity and gain experience with Truffle framework tools for deploying and testing your contracts Use Web3 to connect your smart contracts to an applicationso users can easily interact with the blockchain Examine smart contract security along with free online resources for smart contract security auditing

Download or read book Ethereum Projects for Beginners written by Kenny Vaneetvelde and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the Ethereum platform to build distributed applications that are secured and decentralized using blockchain technology Key Features Build your own decentralized applications using real-world blockchain examples Implement Ethereum for building smart contracts and cryptocurrency applications with easy-to-follow projects Enhance your application security with blockchain Book Description Ethereum enables the development of efficient, smart contracts that contain code. These smart contracts can interact with other smart contracts to make decisions, store data, and send Ether to others.Ethereum Projects for Beginners provides you with a clear introduction to creating cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, and decentralized applications. As you make your way through the book, you’ll get to grips with detailed step-by-step processes to build advanced Ethereum projects. Each project will teach you enough about Ethereum to be productive right away. You will learn how tokenization works, think in a decentralized way, and build blockchain-based distributed computing systems. Towards the end of the book, you will develop interesting Ethereum projects such as creating wallets and secure data sharing.By the end of this book, you will be able to tackle blockchain challenges by implementing end-to-end projects using the full power of the Ethereum blockchain. What you will learn Develop your ideas fast and efficiently using the Ethereum blockchain Make writing and deploying smart contracts easy and manageable Work with private data in blockchain applications Handle large files in blockchain applications Ensure your decentralized applications are safe Explore how Ethereum development frameworks work Create your own cryptocurrency or token on the Ethereum blockchain Make sure your cryptocurrency is ERC20-compliant to launch an ICO Who this book is for This book is for individuals who want to build decentralized applications using blockchain technology and the power of Ethereum from scratch. Some prior knowledge of JavaScript is required, since most examples use a web frontend.

Download or read book Beginning Ethereum Smart Contracts Programming written by Wei-Meng Lee and published by Apress. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use this book to write an Ethereum Blockchain Smart Contract, test it, deploy it, and create a web application to interact with your smart contract. Beginning Ethereum Smart Contracts Programming is your fastest and most efficient means of getting started if you are unsure where to begin and how to connect to the Ethereum Blockchain. The book begins with a foundational discussion of blockchain and the motivation behind it. From there, you will get up close and personal with the Ethereum Blockchain, learning how to use an Ethereum client (geth) to connect to the Ethereum Blockchain to perform transactions such as sending Ethers to another account. You will learn about smart contracts without having to wade through tons of documentation. Author Lee’s “learn-by-doing” approach will allow you to be productive and feel confident in your ability in no time. The last part of this book covers tokens, a topic that has taken the cryptocurrency market by storm. Sample code in Python, Solidity, and JavaScript is provided in the book and online. What You'll LearnUnderstand the basic premise of blockchain and “record keeping” in a peer-to-peer network Experience blockchain in action by creating your own blockchain using Python Know the foundation of smart contracts programming and how to deploy and test smart contracts Work on a case study to illustrate the use of blockchain Be familiar with tokens, and how to create and launch your own ICO digital token Write smart contracts that transact using tokens Who This Book Is For Those who want to get started quickly with Ethereum Smart Contracts programming. Basic programming knowledge and an understanding of Python or JavaScript is recommended.

Download or read book Mastering Ethereum written by Andreas M. Antonopoulos and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2018-11-13 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethereum represents the gateway to a worldwide, decentralized computing paradigm. This platform enables you to run decentralized applications (DApps) and smart contracts that have no central points of failure or control, integrate with a payment network, and operate on an open blockchain. With this practical guide, Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood provide everything you need to know about building smart contracts and DApps on Ethereum and other virtual-machine blockchains. Discover why IBM, Microsoft, NASDAQ, and hundreds of other organizations are experimenting with Ethereum. This essential guide shows you how to develop the skills necessary to be an innovator in this growing and exciting new industry. Run an Ethereum client, create and transmit basic transactions, and program smart contracts Learn the essentials of public key cryptography, hashes, and digital signatures Understand how "wallets" hold digital keys that control funds and smart contracts Interact with Ethereum clients programmatically using JavaScript libraries and Remote Procedure Call interfaces Learn security best practices, design patterns, and anti-patterns with real-world examples Create tokens that represent assets, shares, votes, or access control rights Build decentralized applications using multiple peer-to-peer (P2P) components