Download or read book Estimating the Safety Effects of Work Zone Characteristics and Countermeasures written by Gerald L. Ullman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety Assessment Tool for Construction Zone Work Phasing Plans written by Henry Brown and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is the compilation of national safety research that provides quantitative methods for analyzing highway safety. The HSM presents crash modification functions related to freeway work zone characteristics such as work zone duration and length. These crash modification functions were based on freeway work zones with high traffic volumes in California. When the HSM-referenced model was calibrated for Missouri, the value was 3.78, which is not ideal since it is significantly larger than 1. Therefore, new models were developed in this study using Missouri data to capture geographical, driver behavior, and other factors in the Midwest. Also, new models for expressway and rural two-lane work zones that barely were studied in the literature were developed. A large sample of 20,837 freeway, 8,993 expressway, and 64,476 rural two-lane work zones in Missouri was analyzed to derive 15 work zone crash prediction models. The most appropriate samples of 1,546 freeway, 1,189 expressway, and 6,095 rural two-lane work zones longer than 0.1 mile and with a duration of greater than 10 days were used to make eight, four, and three models, respectively. A challenging question for practitioners is always how to use crash prediction models to make the best estimation of work zone crash count. To solve this problem, a user-friendly software tool was developed in a spreadsheet format to predict work zone crashes based on work zone characteristics. This software selects the best model, estimates the work zone crashes by severity, and converts them to monetary values using standard crash estimates. This study also included a survey of departments of transportation (DOTs), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) representatives, and contractors to assess the current state of the practice regarding work zone safety. The survey results indicate that many agencies look at work zone safety informally using engineering judgment. Respondents indicated that they would like a tool that could help them to balance work zone safety across projects by looking at crashes and user costs.
Download or read book Varied Applications of Work Zone Safety Analysis Through the Investigation of Crash Data Design and Field Studies written by Erica Lee Swansen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work zone crashes and fatalities have been decreasing since 1994. Yet, according to Fatality Analysis Reporting System, 667 people were killed in highway work zone crashes in 2009. As the United States' infrastructure ages and new roads and highways are constructed less frequently, the need for repairs and alterations to the nation's roadways is continually increasing. This growth ensures that work zones will be a vital piece of design focus in the near future. In order to continue the decreasing trend in work zone crashes, and reduce the still significant number of work zone fatalities, work zones need to continually be examined to identify opportunities for improved safety. This research explored the relationship between work zone related crashes and work zone design and setup. More specifically, existing literature and current standards, compiled with crash report form data in the UMass Safety Data Warehouse and field observations in Massachusetts were integrated to determine the causes and remedies for work zone related crashes. The research examined three critical areas: 1) causation of work zone related crashes in contrast to non-work zone related crashes along with variations of citations as a result of work zone crashes; 2) variations of the work zone definition and the impact on work zone involvement; and 3) analysis of conflict and event studies for small scale work zones to develop a methodology using surrogate measures to identify potential countermeasures leading to improved work zone safety. The results are expected to advance the current state of knowledge with regards to work zone design and setup, resulting in recommended actions for improved work zone analysis and design strategies.
Download or read book Integrated Work Zone Safety Management System and Analysis Tools written by Jian John Lu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safety by Design written by Daniel C. Murray and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the U.S. population and economy continue to grow, more pressure is being placed on the nation's road and bridge infrastructure today than at any point in history. This growth has left the nation's system of roads and bridges in a perpetual state of repair. As all motorists are aware, road maintenance and construction work projects often cause significant traffic congestion, as well as contribute to an increasing number of accidents and fatalities. Work zone-related crashes that involve large trucks are often more serious and more likely to result in fatalities. In order to mitigate the consequences of large truck crashes in work zones, research is needed to understand the causes of truck accidents in work zones and from those findings, develop appropriate countermeasures to reduce the frequency and severity of large truck work zone crashes. The American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) initiated this research to investigate the factors that contribute to truck-involved work zone accidents. The research first looked at characteristics of large truck-involved work zone crashes and found that differences exist in the time of day and day of week of occurrence, as well as the number of vehicles typically involved and the type of crash (rear-end, sideswipe, etc.) for large truck work zone crashes versus all work zone crashes. Additionally, the research identified several work zone geometric and traffic control device considerations which may improve large truck safety in work zones, including lane and shoulder widths, and signage. The research also determined that a number of knowledge gaps still exist as related to the underlying causes or contributory factors related to large truck crashes in work zones, such as exposure, driver behavior, and work zone design. Finally, the research proposes a number of potential countermeasures to improve large truck safety in work zones.
Download or read book Optimizing Work Zone Practices for Highway Construction Projects written by Tarek M. Elghamrawy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies indicate that work zones suffer from an increasing trend of deaths and injuries in and around the highway construction areas with an average of 745 fatalities and 40,700 severe injuries per year. To control and minimize work zone fatalities and injuries, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and many state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) are seeking to improve the design practices of work zones to reduce work zone crashes. To support this vital and pressing highway safety goal, this research study focuses on analyzing and optimizing existing work zone practices and exploring the effectiveness and efficiency of innovative temporary rumble strips that can be used to minimize crashes in and around highway construction and maintenance projects. The research objectives of this study are to: (1) provide enhanced understanding of the impact of work zone parameters and innovative temporary traffic control devices on the safety of highway construction zones; (2) analyze work zone crashes and current practices to identify potential layout parameters that impact work zone crash occurrence; (3) investigate and quantify the impact of work zone layout parameters on the risk and cost of crash occurrence; (4) optimize work zone setup parameters to minimize total work zone costs including agency, user delay, and expected crash costs; (5) conduct field experiments to analyze the efficiency and constructability of various arrangements of temporary rumble strips prior to and at the edge of work zones; and (6) study and enhance the effectiveness of temporary rumble strips in alerting inattentive drivers prior to and at the edge of work zones. In order to achieve these objectives, the study is conducted in seven major tasks that focus on: (1) conducting a comprehensive literature review; (2) collecting and fusing all available data and reports on work zone crashes in Illinois; (3) analyzing work zone crashes and identifying the probable causes and contributing factors; (4) identifying the impact of layout parameters on risk of crash occurrence; (5) developing an optimization model to minimize total work zone costs including agency cost, user delay cost, and expected work zone crash cost; (6) performing field experiments on temporary rumble strips and evaluate the efficiency of utilization on site; and (7) evaluating the effectiveness of temporary rumble strips prior and at the edge of work zones. The main research developments of this study are expected to have significant impacts on (1) identifying potential work zone parameters and contributing causes that impact work zone crash occurrence; (2) estimating the probability of work zones to encounter severe crashes; (3) quantifying the impact of work zone parameters on the risk levels of crash occurrence; (4) estimating the monetary value of work zone crashes based on work zone layout parameters; (5) searching for and identifying optimal work zone setup solutions that specify segment length, operating speed, TTC policy, and concrete barrier at different operation staring times; (6) developing new efficient prototypes of temporary rumble strips to be utilized prior to and at the edge of work zones; and (7) developing practical guidelines for effective design arrangements of temporary rumble strips. These new developments hold a strong promise to: (a) improve work zone safety for both the travelling public and construction workers; (b) improve current work zone layouts, strategies, and standards; (c) provide a baseline for controlling the risk of crash occurrence due to highway work zones; (d) assist construction planners in identifying optimal work zone setups for highway construction; (e) direct the development of practical recommendations for efficient and effective design arrangements of temporary rumble strips; and (f) reduce work zone crashes in the work area through the implementation of practical temporary rumble strips arrangements.
Download or read book Speed Management written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-13 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the ...
Download or read book Implementation Guide for Monitoring Work Zone Safety and Mobility Impacts written by Gerald L. Ullman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This implementation guide describes the conceptual framework, data requirements, and computational procedures for determining the safety and mobility impacts of work zones in Texas. Researchers designed the framework and procedures to assist district-level personnel who have responsibility for work zone safety and mobility impact reviews of significant projects as required by Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) policy. In this guide, researchers describe the types of impact monitoring and analysis that can occur as part of ongoing project activities and those that can be performed during post-project reviews. Analysis procedures are presented to assist in determining which projects should be targeted for regular reviews of crash data during the project, as well as the increase in crash frequency that is indicative of unusual safety concerns that should be investigated further through field observations. Researchers also present analysis procedures to guide district personnel in determining the queue lengths, individual vehicle delays, and total vehicle-hours of delay that are created during temporary lane closures in a project.
Download or read book Engineering Standards for Forensic Application written by Richard W. McLay and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering Standards for Forensic Application presents the technologies and law precedents for the application of engineering standards to forensic opinions, discussing Fundamentals, Disciplines, Engineering Standards, The Basics and the Future of Forensics. The book explores the engineering standard and how it is used by experts to give opinions that are introduced into evidence, and how they are assumed to be the best evidence known on the topic at hand. Final sections include coverage of NFL Brain Injuries and the Flint Water Crisis. Examples of the use of engineering standards are shown and discussed throughout the work. Addresses a wide variety of forensic engineering areas, including relevant law Provides a new approach of study that includes the work of both engineers and litigators Contains contributions from over 40 experts, offering the reader examples of general forensic methods that are based on reliable engineering practice
Download or read book Guide for the Planning Design and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2004 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Implementation Guide for Monitoring Work Zone Safety and Mobility Impacts written by Gerald L. Ullman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This implementation guide describes the conceptual framework, data requirements, and computational procedures for determining the safety and mobility impacts of work zones in Texas. Researchers designed the framework and procedures to assist district-level personnel who have responsibility for work zone safety and mobility impact reviews of significant projects as required by Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) policy. In this guide, researchers describe the types of impact monitoring and analysis that can occur as part of ongoing project activities and those that can be performed during post-project reviews. Analysis procedures are presented to assist in determining which projects should be targeted for regular reviews of crash data during the project, as well as the increase in crash frequency that is indicative of unusual safety concerns that should be investigated further through field observations. Researchers also present analysis procedures to guide district personnel in determining the queue lengths, individual vehicle delays, and total vehicle-hours of delay that are created during temporary lane closures in a project.
Download or read book Roadside Design Guide written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Examining the Effects of Site selection Criteria for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Traffic Safety Improvement Countermeasures written by Pei-Fen Kuo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The before-after study is still the most popular method used by traffic engineers and transportation safety analysts for evaluating the effects of an intervention. However, this kind of study may be plagued by important methodological limitations, which could significantly alter the study outcome. They include the regression-to-the-mean (RTM) and site-selection effects. So far, most of the research on these biases has focused on the RTM. Hence, the primary objective of this study consists of presenting a method that can reduce the site-selection bias when an entry criterion is used in before-after studies for continuous (e.g. speed, reaction times, etc.) and count data (e.g. number of crashes, number of fatalities, etc.). The proposed method documented in this research provides a way to adjust the Naive estimator by using the sample data and without relying on the data collected from the control group, since finding enough appropriate sites for the control group is much harder in traffic-safety analyses. In this study, the proposed method, a.k.a. Adjusted method, was compared to commonly used methods in before-after studies. The study results showed that among all methods evaluated, the Naive is the most significantly affected by the selection bias. Using the CG, the ANCOVA, or the EB method based on a control group (EBCG) method can eliminate the site-selection bias, as long as the characteristics of the control group are exactly the same as those for the treatment group. However, control group data that have same characteristics based on a truncated distribution or sample may not be available in practice. Moreover, site-selection bias generated by using a dissimilar control group might be even higher than with using the Naive method. The Adjusted method can partially eliminate site-selection bias even when biased estimators of the mean, variance, and correlation coefficient of a truncated normal distribution are used or are not known with certainty. In addition, three actual datasets were used to evaluate the accuracy of the Adjusted method for estimating site-selection biases for various types of data that have different mean and sample-size values.
Download or read book Smart Solutions in Today s Transport written by Jerzy Mikulski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Transport Systems Telematics, TST 2017, held in Katowice-Ustrón, Poland, in April 2017. The 40 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 128 submissions. They present and organize the knowledge from within the field of intelligent transportation systems, the specific solutions applied in it and their influence on improving efficiency of transport systems.
Download or read book Calibration of Highway Safety Manual Work Zone Crash Modification Factors written by Carlos Sun and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Highway Safety Manual is the national safety manual that provides quantitative methods for analyzing highway safety. The HSM presents crash modification factors related to work zone characteristics such as work zone duration and length. These crash modification factors were based on high-impact work zones in California. Therefore there was a need to use work zone and safety data from the Midwest to calibrate these crash modification factors for use in the Midwest. Almost 11,000 Missouri freeway work zones were analyzed to derive a representative and stratified sample of 162 work zones. The 162 work zones was more than four times the number of work zones used in the HSM. This dataset was used for modeling and testing crash modification factors applicable to the Midwest. The dataset contained work zones ranging from 0.76 mile to 9.24 miles and with durations from 16 days to 590 days. A combined fatal/injury/non-injury model produced a R2 fit of 0.9079 and a prediction slope of 0.963. The resulting crash modification factors of 1.01 for duration and 0.58 for length were smaller than the values in the HSM. Two practical application examples illustrate the use of the crash modification factors for comparing alternate work zone setups.
Download or read book NHI Catalog written by National Highway Institute (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Traffic Monitoring Guide written by United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Highway Information Management and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
