Download or read book Estimating the Public Health Benefits of Proposed Air Pollution Regulations written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-11-30 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EPA estimates that thousands of premature deaths and cases of illnesses may be avoided by reducing air pollution. At the request of Congress, this report reviews the scientific basis of EPA's methods used in estimating the public health benefits from its air pollution regulations.
Download or read book Estimating the Public Health Benefits of Proposed Air Pollution Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EPA estimates that thousands of premature deaths and cases of illnesses may be avoided by reducing air pollution. At the request of Congress, this report reviews the scientific basis of EPA's methods used in estimating the public health benefits from its air pollution regulations.
Download or read book Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Benefits from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-07-21 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of recent evidence on the relationship of ozone to mortality and questions about its implications for benefit analysis, the Environmental Protection Agency asked the National Research Council to establish a committee of experts to evaluate independently the contributions of recent epidemiologic studies to understanding the size of the ozone-mortality effect in the context of benefit analysis. The committee was also asked to assess methods for estimating how much a reduction in short-term exposure to ozone would reduce premature deaths, to assess methods for estimating associated increases in life expectancy, and to assess methods for estimating the monetary value of the reduced risk of premature death and increased life expectancy in the context of health-benefits analysis. Estimating Mortality Risk Reduction and Economic Benefits from Controlling Ozone Air Pollution details the committee's findings and posits several recommendations to address these issues.
Download or read book Particulate Matter written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large body of scientific evidence links exposure to particulate matter-a widespread form of air pollution-to serious health problems, including asthma and premature death. Under the Clean Air Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) periodically reviews the appropriate air quality level at which to set national standards to protect the public against the health effects of particulate matter. EPA proposed revisions to these standards in January 2006 and issued a draft regulatory impact analysis of the revisions' expected costs and benefits. The estimated benefits of air pollution regulations have been controversial in the past. A 2002 National Academies report generally supported EPA's approach but made 34 recommendations to improve how EPA implements its approach. GAO was asked to determine whether and how EPA applied the Academies' recommendations in its estimates of the health benefits expected from the January 2006 proposed revisions to the particulate matter standards. GAO examined the draft analysis, met with EPA officials, and interviewed
Download or read book Critical Review of Estimating Benefits of Air and Water Pollution Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating the Public Health Benefits of Proposed Air Pollution Regulations written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-30 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EPA estimates that thousands of premature deaths and cases of illnesses may be avoided by reducing air pollution. At the request of Congress, this report reviews the scientific basis of EPA's methods used in estimating the public health benefits from its air pollution regulations.
Download or read book Better Air written by Jessica Lincoln-Oswalt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authorities and responsibilities of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) derive primarily from a dozen major environmental statutes. This book provides a concise summary of one of those statutes, the Clean Air Act. It provides a brief history of federal involvement in air quality regulation and of the provisions added by legislation in 1970, 1977 and 1990. It also explains major authorities contained in the Act as well as key terms and references for more detailed information on the Act and its implementation.
Download or read book Methods development for assessing air pollution control benefits written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Health and Ecological Effects and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clean Air Act written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Costs Benefits and Efficiency of Air Quality Regulation written by Joshua Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution poses serious risks to public health. Combatting it sensibly requires credible empirical estimates of the relevant costs and benefits. The intent of this thesis is to provide such estimates. Chapter 1 examines the value of reducing emissions from power plants, an important source of air pollution in several countries. Within a model of health, consumption, production, power generation, and resource extraction, I derive a 'sufficient statistics' formula for the change in social welfare due to a small reduction in emissions. The formula simplifies to a comparison of marginal benefits (in terms of reduced mortality risk, monetized using the value of a statistical life) and the marginal cost of abatement. I estimate these inputs using quasi-experimental variation induced by the Clean Air Interstate Rule, a policy that capped power plant emissions in the United States. Results indicate that further reducing those emissions would be worthwhile. Chapter 2 re-examines the effect of a county's regulatory status under the US Clean Air Act on the change in its air pollution concentration, the 'first-stage' underlying causal estimates of the benefits of reducing air pollution in several studies. Using data thought no longer to exist, I find that one of the commonly-used measurement approaches -- a regression-discontinuity estimator -- is invalid. The other commonly-used approach -- a difference-in-differences estimator -- delivers inflated estimates of the effects of regulation on air pollution. These findings suggest that the literature substantially understates the benefits of reducing air pollution. Chapter 3, joint with Robert McMillan, provides causal estimates of the effects of sustained exposure to severe air pollution on mortality risk. Our research design is based on the 'smoke control' provisions of the UK's Clean Air Act of 1956, which granted local authorities power to address emissions from the domestic chimney. We find that smoke control caused significant reductions in air pollution in areas that implemented it relative to those that did not. Our 2SLS estimates, which combine this exogenous variation in air quality improvements with local mortality data, indicate a significant reduction in probability of death. They are relevant when calculating air pollution's costs in coal-burning middle-income countries today.
Download or read book Cost benefit Analysis Can be Useful in Assessing Environmental Regulations Despite Limitations written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Policy Under Reagan s Executive Order written by Vincent Kerry Smith and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Policy Under Reagan's Executive Order: The Role of Benefit-Cost Analysis
Download or read book Estimating the Health Effects of Air Pollutants written by Bart D. Ostro and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How does one assess the health benefits of air pollution control? Does response functions applied to data on Jakarta reveal that air quality improvements will reduce illness, premature death, and learning disabilities in children. Lead and respirable particles are the most important problems.
Download or read book Economic Benefits of Air Pollution Regulation in the USA written by Trent Yang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market and non-market effects of air pollution on human health are estimated for the U.S. for the period from 1970 to 2000. The pollutants include tropospheric ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. We develop a methodology for integrating the health effects from exposure to air pollution into the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a computable general equilibrium model of the economy that has been widely used to study climate change policy. Benefits of air pollution regulations in USA rose steadily from 1975 to 2000 from $50 billion to $400 billion (from 2.1% to 7.6% of market consumption). Our estimated benefits of regulation are somewhat lower than the original estimates made by the US Environmental Protection Agency, and we trace that result to our development of a stock model of pollutant exposure that predicts that the benefits from reduced chronic air pollution exposure will only be gradually realized. We also estimate the economic burden of uncontrolled levels of air pollution over that period. The estimate of economic benefits and damages depends on the validity of the underlying epidemiological relationships and direct estimates of the consequences of health effects such as lost work and non-work time and increased medical expenses.
Download or read book Hidden Costs of Energy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-05-26 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
Download or read book Air Pollution written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pursuant to a congressional requirement, GAO reviewed the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) cost-benefit analyses of the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments and any previous amendments to the Clean Air Act, focusing on EPA: (1) methodology for conducting the cost-benefit analyses; (2) progress in completing the analyses; and (3) costs for contractors and staff used to complete these analyses. GAO found that: (1) EPA is undertaking a retrospective study to compare the economic, health, and environmental conditions that have resulted from the amendments enacted before 1990 with projections of what these conditions would have been without the amendments; (2) although the 1990 amendments specified that EPA complete the retrospective study by November 15, 1991, EPA estimates that it will not complete the study until 1994; (3) EPA will undertake a prospective study of the Clean Air Act amendments to compare the effects of air quality standards imposed by legislation enacted before 1990 with the effects of all potential post-1990 standards; (4) the completed retrospective study will cost an estimated $1.6 million and EPA will use about 12 staff-years to oversee the study; and (5) the total cost of both studies could reach $3.2 million and 24 staff-years.
