Download or read book Estimating the Contribution of the Soil Microbial Community to the Crop Rotation Effect written by Marian Lund Bolton and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop rotation is a common cultural management strategy that has been practiced for thousands of years due to the many documented benefits including, increased yield, decreased disease pressure, and increased soil nutrient retention. While the benefits of crop rotation have been well established, the primary drivers behind these agronomic benefits remain unclear. In this dissertation, the contribution of the bulk soil microbial communities to the corn (Zea mays) - soybean (Glycine max) crop rotation effect was evaluated at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station's long-term rotation research plots in Arlington, Wisconsin. Over the 2016 growing season, the differences community structure and dynamics between bulk soil microbial communities of continuous corn, continuous soybean, annually rotated corn and soybean, and five-year rotated corn and soybean were evaluated in the spring and the fall. Spring bulk soil bacterial community structures differed based on the rotational or monoculture management strategy, however, this trend was not observed with the fall communities. Spring bulk soil bacterial communities of the five-year soy rotation were also more similar to that of a continuous soybean community as years of soybean monoculture increased. This was not true of the five-year corn rotations. There was a positive correlation between increasing dissimilarity from a continuous soybean bacterial community structure and increasing soybean yield of the previous season, however there was no correlation with fall communities and the end of the season soybean yield. Carbon-use community-level physiological profiles of bulk soil communities at midseason and harvest did not differ by rotation scheme, however the average microbial catabolic activity of the annual rotations was greater than that of the monoculture at both timepoints. Additionally, corn plants grown in continuous soybean field soil had greater root dry biomass and leaf surface area compared to those grown in continuous corn soil and this trend was also observed when corn plants were grown in soil containing only 10% of the continuous soybean field soil and 90% double-pasteurized field soil. The combination of these three community evaluation methods provide a multifaceted estimation of the contribution of bulk soil microbial communities to the corn-soybean rotation effect in south central Wisconsin.
Download or read book Techniques in Microbial Ecology written by Robert S. Burlage and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial ecology is one of the fastest growing fields of microbiology. This practical volume is the bench and field scientist's guide to well-established techniques for investigating microbial communities. Both for biologists just entering the field and for experienced researchers wishingto explore new areas, this book provides the theoretical background, detailed protocols, and tips from experts for working in this field. Chapters on bacteria with interesting metabolic traits are augmented with chapters on molecular techniques, lipid analysis, and appropriate sampling techniques.The final section includes up-to-date information on biofilm development and study, the science and practice of bioremediation, modeling of biological systems (including the most useful statistical parameters), and the study of phylogenetics.
Download or read book Phosphorus in Action written by Else K. Bünemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource which is essential for life. It is a limiting nutrient in many ecosystems but also a pollutant which can affect biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and change the ecology of water bodies. This book collects the latest information on biological processes in soil P cycling, which to date have remained much less understood than physico-chemical processes. The methods section presents spectroscopic techniques and the characterization of microbial P forms, as well as the use of tracers, molecular approaches and modeling of soil-plant systems. The section on processes deals with mycorrhizal symbioses, microbial P solubilization, soil macrofauna, phosphatase enzymes and rhizosphere processes. On the system level, P cycling is examined for grasslands, arctic and alpine soils, forest plantations, tropical forests, and dryland regions. Further, P management with respect to animal production and cropping, and the interactions between global change and P cycling, are treated.
Download or read book Soil Organic Matter in Temperate AgroecosystemsLong Term Experiments in North America written by Eldor A. Paul and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-11-26 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence - or absence - of soil organic matter (SOM) has important implications for agricultural productivity. It could also have significant implications for global climate due to its role as a source/sink of carbon. Therefore, it is important to understand the issues related to the accumulation or loss of SOM, to use what we have learned from experiments to make sound decisions about soil and crop management, and to test models and future concepts concerning SOM management. A database is included with the book, presenting tabular data for 34 sites in North America. Soil Organic Matter in Temperate Agroecosystems discusses all of these issues and more, answering such questions as:
Download or read book Soil Enzymology written by Girish Shukla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-17 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil enzymes are one of the vital key mediators involved in nutrient recycling and the decomposition of organic matter and thereby in maintaining soil quality and fertility. This Soil Biology volume covers the various facets of soil enzymes, such as their functions, biochemical and microbiological properties and the factors affecting their activities. Enzymes in the rhizosphere, in forest soils, and in volcanic ash-derived soils are described. Soil enzymes covered include phosphohydrolases, lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, phenol oxidases, fungal oxidoreductases, keratinases, pectinases, xylanases, lipases and pectinases. Several chapters treat the soil enzymatic activities in the bioremediation of soils contaminated with pesticides and pollutants such as oil, chlorinated compounds, synthetic dyes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The role of soil enzymes as bioindicators is a further important topic addressed.
Download or read book Soil Biological Fertility written by Lynette K. Abbott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-23 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is becoming more relevant to explore soil biological processes in terms of their contribution to soil fertility. This book presents a comprehensive scientific overview of the components and processes that underpin the biological characteristics of soil fertility. It highlights the enormous diversity of life in soil and the resulting effects that management of land can have on the contribution of this diverse community to soil fertility in an agricultural context.
Download or read book Environmental and Management Factor Contributions to Maize Yield written by Frederick E. Below and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-02-12 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Environmental and Management Factor Contributions to Maize Yield" that was published in Agronomy
Download or read book The Effect of Conversion from Annual Row Crops to Short rotation Woody Crops on Soil Microbial Community Structure written by Michael Joseph Kirchner and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ecophysiology of Plant Phosphorus Interactions written by Philip J. White and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-03 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. It is as phosphate that plants take up P from the soil solution. Since little phosphate is available to plants in most soils, plants have evolved a range of mechanisms to acquire and use P efficiently – including the development of symbiotic relationships that help them access sources of phosphorus beyond the plant’s own range. At the same time, in agricultural systems, applications of inorganic phosphate fertilizers aimed at overcoming phosphate limitation are unsustainable and can cause pollution. This latest volume in Springer’s Plant Ecophysiology series takes an in-depth look at these diverse plant-phosphorus interactions in natural and agricultural environments, presenting a series of critical reviews on the current status of research. In particular, the book presents a wealth of information on the genetic and phenotypic variation in natural plant ecosystems adapted to low P availability, which could be of particular relevance to developing new crop varieties with enhanced abilities to grow under P-limiting conditions. The book provides a valuable reference material for graduates and research scientists working in the field of plant-phosphorus interactions, as well as for those working in plant breeding and sustainable agricultural development.
Download or read book The Importance of Soil Organic Matter written by Alexandra Bot and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter - the product of on-site biological decomposition - affects the chemical and physical properties of the soil and its overall health. Its composition and breakdown rate affect: the soil structure and porosity; the water infiltration rate and moisture holding capacity of soils; the diversity and biological activity of soil organisms; and plant nutrient availability. This document concentrates on the organic matter dynamics of cropping soils and discusses the circumstances that deplete organic matter and their negative outcomes. It then moves on to more proactive solutions. It reviews a "basket" of practices in order to show how they can increase organic matter content and discusses the land and cropping benefits that then accrue.--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Microorganisms in Soils Roles in Genesis and Functions written by Francois Buscot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-04 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this third volume of the series Soil Biology, internationally renowned scientists shed light on the significant roles of microbes in soil. Key topics covered include: bioerosion, humification, mineralization and soil aggregation; Interactions in the mycorrhizosphere; microbes and plant nutrient cycling; Microbes in soil surface or toxic metal polluted soils; Use of marker genes and isotopes in soil microbiology, and many more.
Download or read book Crop Rotation on Organic Farms written by Charles L. Mohler and published by Natural Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service (Nraes). This book was released on 2009 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances written by Jost Wingender and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are the key components for the aggregation of microorganisms in biofilms, flocs and sludge. They are composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biological macromolecules. EPS provide a highly hydrated gel matrix in which microbial cells can establish stable synergistic consortia. Cohesion and adhesion as well as morphology, structure, biological function and other properties such as mechanical stability, diffusion, sorption and optical properties of microbial aggregates are determined by the EPS matrix. Also, the protection of biofilm organisms against biocides is attributed to the EPS. Their matrix allows phase separation in biofiltration and is also important for the degradation of particulate material which is of great importance for the self purification processes in surface waters and for waste water treatment.
Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Download or read book Soil Microorganisms Under Ecological Planting written by Ming Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-06 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Actinomycetes in Biotechnology written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The actinomycetes are a group of bacteria well known as producers of antibiotics. With the advent of molecular biology they have become important to biotechnologists in the search for new antibiotics, vitamins, enzyme inhibitors, etc. They also play an important role in the biodegradation of wastes, and their wide (natural) distribution in soil, composts, water and elsewhere in the environment makes them important to the agricultural and waste industries. This research book presents a broad view of the current interest in actinomycetes, ranging from isolation/screening of actinomycetes, discovery of new antibiotics, a substantial contribution on genetic manipulation to actinomycetes in agriculture, forestry, and the threat of actinomycetes as pollutants in the environment.The chapters, which have been written by experts, are intended to provide a balanced view of the opportunities and problems in an expanding field of interest.
Download or read book Soil Microbial Community Response to Oilseed Crops Introduced in Long Term Monoculture Wheat Rotations written by Jeremy Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction of Cruciferous oilseed crops into monoculture wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems has increased in the Inland Pacific Northwest. Canola (Brassica napus L.), and camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) are members of the Brassicaceae family. Canola plants contain glucosinolates, which upon cell rupture and during the decay of residue hydrolyze to produce isothiocyanates. The production of isothiocyanates is the mechanism responsible for the soil biofumigation effect. This effect is commonly considered positive; however, the non-selectivity of isothiocyanates has potential to impact beneficial soil organisms. In a 7-year on-farm winter canola rotation study conducted near Reardan, WA, yields of spring wheat following winter canola declined compared to yields following winter wheat. Objectives of this research were to determine the differences and similarities in the soil microbial communities associated with winter canola and winter wheat, and if those differences were correlated to spring wheat yield response. Microbial biomass and community composition were determined using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA). Microbial biomass was higher in winter canola compared to the winter wheat. Subsequent spring wheat crops had greater microbial biomass following winter wheat compared to winter canola indicating a residual effect. Similarly, the biomarker groups of fungi, mycorrhizae, gram-negative, and gram-positive bacteria were observed to be greater in the winter wheat treatment over winter canola with the same residual effect in the subsequent spring wheat. Discriminant function analysis of the phospholipid fatty acid composition differentiated communities associated with winter wheat from winter canola as well as the communities of spring wheat following winter wheat compared to winter canola. Similar patterns of reduced abundance and shifts in microbial community structure were perceived in a canola/winter wheat rhizosphere study. Camelina, in a wheat-camelina-summer fallow rotation appeared to provide a primer effect on the subsequent fallow microbial community. Microbial abundance decreased from winter wheat, to camelina, to summer fallow. Summer fallow reached significantly lower levels of microbial abundance compared to winter wheat. Given the importance of microbially-mediated soil processes, any decline in members of the community or alteration of the community as a whole could potentially impact the performance of subsequent crops.
