Download or read book Estimating Area Burned by Wildfire from Landsat Data written by Nancy A. Swanberg and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book First Order Fire Effects Model written by Elizabeth D. Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) was developed to predict the direct consequences of prescribed fire and wildfire. FOFEM computes duff and woody fuel consumption, smoke production, and fire-caused tree mortality for most forest and rangeland types in the United States. The model is available as a computer program for PC or Data General computer.
Download or read book Effect of Revisit Frequency and Availability of Cloud free Observation on Landsat Global Burned Area Mapping written by Andrea Melchiorre and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire is one of the most relevant disturbances affecting terrestrial ecosystems globally, altering vegetation, soil, water, and atmospheric composition. Fire causes a non-permanent land cover change, through the removal of vegetation, the deposition of charcoal and ashes, and the exposure of soil; the temporal persistence of these changes is highly variable, ranging from a few weeks in tropical savannas to years in boreal forests. Global burned area products have been systematically generated in the past 20 years from several coarse spatial resolution (250 m - 1 km) Earth Observation (EO) systems. These products are the main input in global biomass burning atmospheric emission inventories, and in the most recent studies on the role of fire in the global carbon cycle and vegetation dynamics. Because of the non-permanent nature of burned areas, the algorithms employed for the generation of global burned area products rely on the availability of daily or near-daily observations from coarse resolution EO systems. The high revisit frequency ensures that a sufficient number of cloud-free observations are generally available globally before burned areas disappear, with few exceptions in known locations of persistent cloud cover. The systematic generation of moderate spatial resolution (10 m - 30 m) burned area products could potentially meet the needs of a variety of fire science and applications communities, and at different scales from global (e.g., pyrogenic carbon emissions estimation) to regional scale (e.g., environmental post-fire assessment and remediation decision support). Algorithms for the generation of moderate resolution burned area maps have been recently prototyped regionally and continentally, and have the potential for global implementation. However, ,moderate resolution sensors have reduced temporal resolution (e.g., 16 days for Landsat) compared to coarse resolution sensors (e.g., ~1 day for MODIS), which could potentially lead to omission errors in ecosystems where the spectral signal associated with burning events disappears quickly, and cloud cover limits the number of valid observations. My dissertation focuses on estimating the combined effect of the impermanent nature of land cover change typical of burning events and the cloud cover, which reduces the number of valid observations available to detect burns, on global burned area mapping using Landsat data. The dissertation has three objectives. The first objective (Chapter 2) is to estimate the temporal persistence time of the signal associated with burned areas, stratified by ecosystem and land cover type, making use of the global, multiyear MODIS data record. The second objective (Chapter 3) is to evaluate the suitability of the MODIS-derived cloud mask as a proxy for Landsat 7 cloud observations. Finally, the third objective (Chapter 4) is to estimate the potential omission errors in a hypothetical global Landsat burned area product, due to the combined effect of reduced revisit frequency and cloud contamination. Chapter 2 presents a global analysis of the burned area persistence time defined as the duration of the spectral separability of the burned / unburned areas mapped by the MODIS Global Burned Area Product (MCD64). The separability was computed by analyzing time series of normalized burn ratio (NBR) from nadir BRDF-adjusted MODIS reflectances (MCD43). Results showed that, globally, the median burned area persistence time was estimated as 29 days and 86.6% of the global area, as detected by MODIS, can be detected accurately only for up to 48 days. Furthermore, the results indicated that early and late fires had a shorter persistence time compared to fires burning in the central portion of the fire season. The results, therefore, indicate that the persistence time can be a limiting factor for mapping burned areas using moderate resolution satellite sensors, which have a low temporal resolution (e.g. Landsat 16 days, Sentinel 2A and 2B 10 days each, 5 days when used in combination). Chapter 3 presents a comparison of Landsat and MODIS cloud data. Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image cloud fractions over land were compared with collocated MODIS cloud fractions, generated by combining the MODIS-Terra global daily cloud mask product (MOD35) with the Landsat 7 ETM+ image footprints and acquisition calendar. The results showed high correlation between the MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ cloud fractions (R2 = 0.83), negligible bias (median difference:
Download or read book Permafrost Ecosystems written by Akira Osawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-04 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing from a decade-long collaboration between Japan and Russia, this important volume presents the first major synthesis of current knowledge on the ecophysiology of the coniferous forests growing on permafrost at high latitudes. It presents ecological data for a region long inaccessible to most scientists, and raises important questions about the global carbon balance as these systems are affected by the changing climate. Making up around 20% of the entire boreal forests of the northern hemisphere, these ‘permafrost forest ecosystems’ are subject to particular constraints in terms of temperature, nutrient availability, and root space, creating exceptional ecosystem characteristics not known elsewhere. This authoritative text explores their diversity, structure, dynamics and physiology. It provides a comparison of these forests in relation to boreal forests elsewhere, and concludes with an assessment of the potential responses of this unique biome to climate change. The book will be invaluable to advanced students and researchers interested in boreal vegetation, forest ecology, silviculture and forest soils, as well as to researchers into climate change and the global carbon balance.
Download or read book Computer Vision Pattern Recognition Image Processing and Graphics written by Renu Rameshan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-25 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th National Conference on Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, Image Processing, and Graphics, NCVPRIPG 2017, held in Mandi, India, in December 2017. The 48 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 147 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on video processing; image and signal processing; segmentation, retrieval, captioning; pattern recognition applications.
Download or read book Mapping of Forest Fire Burn Areas from Digital Landsat Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Large Wildfires written by Emilio Chuvieco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a systematic review of the different applications for remote sensing and geographical information system techniques in research and management of forest fires. The authors have been involved in this field of research for several years. The book also benefits from data generated within the Megafires project, founded under the DG-XII of the European Union. A clear integration of research and experience is provided. New data gathered from fires affecting European countries between 1991 and 1997 are included as well as satellite images and auxiliary cartographic information. Geographic Information System files have been included in the attached CD-ROM depicting land cover, elevation, Koeppen classification climates and NOAA-AVHRR data of all European Mediterranean Europe at 1 sq km resolution. All these files are in Idrisi format and can be easily accessed from any GIS program. An Idrisi viewer has also been included in the CD-ROM.
Download or read book Development of Coarse scale Spatial Data for Wildland Fire and Fuel Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to provide managers with national-level data on current conditions of vegetation and fuels developed from ecologically based methods to address these questions: How do current vegetation and fuels differ from those that existed historically? Where on the landscape do vegetation and fuels differ from historical levels? In particular, where are high fuel accumulations? When considered at a coarse scale, which areas estimated to have high fuel accumulations represent the highest priorities for treatment?
Download or read book Remote Sensing Handbook Three Volume Set written by Prasad Thenkabail and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 2304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume in the three-volume Remote Sensing Handbook series, Remote Sensing of Water Resources, Disasters, and Urban Studies documents the scientific and methodological advances that have taken place during the last 50 years. The other two volumes in the series are Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies, and Land Reso
Download or read book Regional Environmental Changes in Siberia and Their Global Consequences written by Pavel Ya. Groisman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-14 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a state-of-the-art assessment of the Earth's climate system in Siberia and relationships between climate, ecosystems and people in that region. Changes in climatic variables and land cover in Siberia are among the earliest indicators of the Earth’s response to climate warming. The volume is a compilation of results from studies on climate, land-cover and land-use changes and their interactions with biogeochemical and water cycles, atmospheric aerosol, and human and wildlife populations in Siberia. Regional changes in Siberia are predicted to affect climate and people on a global scale. NASA, the Russian Academy of Sciences, and several European institutions have supported these studies. The primary supporter of the projects that produced the results compiled in this volume is the NASA Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Program, hence most studies use remote sensing in their research. The chapters in this volume were written by an international team of scientists from the USA, Europe and Russia under the auspices of the Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI). This book will be of interest to those involved in studying recent and ongoing changes in Siberia, be they senior scientists, early career scientists or students.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Biomass written by Lola Fatoyinbo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accurate measurement of ecosystem biomass is of great importance in scientific, resource management and energy sectors. In particular, biomass is a direct measurement of carbon storage within an ecosystem and of great importance for carbon cycle science and carbon emission mitigation. Remote Sensing is the most accurate tool for global biomass measurements because of the ability to measure large areas. Current biomass estimates are derived primarily from ground-based samples, as compiled and reported in inventories and ecosystem samples. By using remote sensing technologies, we are able to scale up the sample values and supply wall to wall mapping of biomass. Three separate remote sensing technologies are available today to measure ecosystem biomass: passive optical, radar, and lidar. There are many measurement methodologies that range from the application driven to the most technologically cutting-edge. The goal of this book is to address the newest developments in biomass measurements, sensor development, field measurements and modeling. The chapters in this book are separated into five main sections.
Download or read book Global and Regional Vegetation Fire Monitoring from Space written by Frank J. Ahern and published by Kugler Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction Increasing conflagrations of forests and other lands throughout the world during the 1980s and 1990s have made fires in forest and other vegetation emerge as an important global concern. Both the number and severity of wildfires (accidental fires) and the application of fire for land-use change, seem to have increased dramatically compared to previous decades of the twentieth century. The adverse consequences of extensive wildfires cross national boundaries and have global impacts. Fire regimes are changing with climate variability and population dynamics. Satellite remote sensing technology has the potential to play an important role for monitoring fires and their consequences, as well as in operational fire management. In response to this need as well as to respond to other needs for more rapid progress in forest observation, in 1997 the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) initiated Global Observation of Forest Cover (GOFC) as an international pilot project to test the concepts of an Integrated Global Observing System. The GOFC program is currently part of the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS). GOFC was designed to bring together data providers and information users to make information products from satellite and in-situ observations of forests more readily available worldwide. Fire Monitoring and Mapping was formed as one of three basic components of GOFC. This book contains eighteen contributions authored by scientists who represent the most active international research and development institutions, aiming at coordinating and improving international efforts for user-oriented systems and products. These papers were initially presented at a GOFC Fire Workshop held at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra. The volume is a contribution of the GOFC Forest Fire Monitoring and Mapping Implementation Team to the Interagency Task Force Working Group Wildland Fire of the UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR).
Download or read book Modelling Monitoring and Management of Forest Fires II written by G. Perona and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As in the past, future forest fire scenarios are impacted by climatic trends and changes in climatic extremes, as well as by anthropic pressure. It is to be expected that future trends, especially in the Mediterranean regions, will certainly lead to an increasing impact of human pressure on the natural environment, due to increases in tourism and to the enlargement of urban residential areas invading the countryside. Forecasting the effects of both factors (climatic and anthropic) and separating their effects on forest fires frequencies may be particularly difficult, but is essential to improve our knowledge of forest fire occurrence probability and to better organize prevention and fighting activities. At the same time, estimation of the possible increase of fire risk over coming years is important, taking into account also the diverse fire prone environments present in the Mediterranean as well as many other areas (mountain slopes, coastal zones, large islands, etc). This book contains peer-reviewed papers presented at the Second International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Forest Fires held in Kos, Greece, in 2010. The papers covered important topics in the field of prevention and fighting of forest fires, including: Computational Methods and Experiments; Air Quality and Health Risk Models; Detection, Monitoring and Response Systems; Decision Support Systems; Resource Optimization; Risk Assessment and Vulnerability Assessment.
Download or read book A Blueprint for Forest Carbon Science in Canada written by Pierre Bernier and published by . This book was released on 2012-10 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Domestic and international concerns about climate change have led to questions about the contemporary and future role of Canada's forests and forest sector in affecting atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). In 2008, the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers described climate change, including adaptation and the role of forest carbon (C) in helping mitigate climate change, as one of two priorities of national importance facing the Canadian forest sector over the next decade.
Download or read book Biomass Burning and Global Change Biomass burning in South America Southeast Asia and temperate and boreal ecosystems and the oil fires of Kuwait written by Joel S. Levine and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Biomass Burning provides a convenient and current reference on such topics as the remote sensing of biomass burning from space, the geographical distribution of burning; the combustion products of burning in tropical, temperate, and boreal ecosystems; burning as a global source of atmospheric gases and particulates; the impact of biomass burning gases and particulates on global climate; and the role of biomass burning on biodiversity and past global extinctions."--Pub. desc.
Download or read book Wildland Fire Danger Estimation And Mapping The Role Of Remote Sensing Data written by Emilio Chuvieco and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-09-29 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a wide range of techniques for extracting information from satellite remote sensing images in forest fire danger assessment. It covers the main concepts involved in fire danger rating, and analyses the inputs derived from remotely sensed data for mapping fire danger at both the local and global scale. The questions addressed concern the estimation of fuel moisture content, the description of fuel structural properties, the estimation of meteorological danger indices, the analysis of human factors associated with fire ignition, and the integration of different risk factors in a geographic information system for fire danger management.
Download or read book Earth Observation of Wildland Fires in Mediterranean Ecosystems written by Emilio Chuvieco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-25 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildland fires are becoming one of the most critical environmental factors affecting a wide range of ecosystems worldwide. In Mediterranean ecosystems (including also South-Africa, California, parts of Chile and Australia), wildland fires are recurrent phenomena every summer, following the seasonal drought. As a result of changes in traditional land use practices, and the impact of recent climate warming, fires have more negative impacts in the last years, threatening lives, socio-economic and ecological values. The book describes the ecological context of fires in the Mediterranean ecosystems, and provides methods to observe fire danger conditions and fire impacts using Earth Observation and Geographic Information System technologies.
