Download or read book Estimating Aggregation Errors in Transportation Problems written by Nancy K. Keith and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Errors and Truths from Transportation Data Aggregation written by Hyeonsup Lim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data aggregation, which is a process to combine information by defined groups for statistical analysis, summary, data size reduction, or other purposes, has fundamental challenges, such as loss of the original information. Improper data aggregation, such as sampling bias or incorrect calculation of average, may cause misreading of information. In first chapter, it is revealed that the harmonic mean, which is used to calculate space mean speed for fixed segment, has a sampling bias, i.e., overestimation with small samples. The several impact analyses show that the sampling bias is affected by sampling rate, time interval, segment length, and distribution type. If the data aggregation is properly used, it can help us improve analytical efficiency, encounter some of critical problems, or reveal its casualties and other relevant information. Second and third chapters utilize the aggregation of multi-source data to estimate error distributions of data sources and improve accuracy of their measurements. This is a leaping point of evaluating data sources as the proposed model does not require ground truth data. Second chapter focuses more on the methodology, i.e., a modified Approximate Bayesian Computation, incorporated to construct the error distribution with numerous simulations. In the simulated experiment, the proposed model outperformed the alternative approach, which is a conventional way of evaluating data source that is gathering error information by comparing with ground data source. Several sensitivity analyses explore that how the model performance is affected by sample size, number of data sources, and distribution types. The proposed model in chapter II is limited to one dimensional variable, and then the application is expanded to improving the position and distance measurement of connected vehicle environment. The proposed model can be used to further improve the accuracy of vehicle positioning with other existing methods, such as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The estimation process can be conducted in real-time operation, and the learning process will try to keep improving the accuracy of estimation. The results show that the proposed model noticeably improves the accuracy of position and distance measurements.
Download or read book Aggregation in Large Scale Optimization written by I. Litvinchev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When analyzing systems with a large number of parameters, the dimen sion of the original system may present insurmountable difficulties for the analysis. It may then be convenient to reformulate the original system in terms of substantially fewer aggregated variables, or macrovariables. In other words, an original system with an n-dimensional vector of states is reformulated as a system with a vector of dimension much less than n. The aggregated variables are either readily defined and processed, or the aggregated system may be considered as an approximate model for the orig inal system. In the latter case, the operation of the original system can be exhaustively analyzed within the framework of the aggregated model, and one faces the problems of defining the rules for introducing macrovariables, specifying loss of information and accuracy, recovering original variables from aggregates, etc. We consider also in detail the so-called iterative aggregation approach. It constructs an iterative process, at· every step of which a macroproblem is solved that is simpler than the original problem because of its lower dimension. Aggregation weights are then updated, and the procedure passes to the next step. Macrovariables are commonly used in coordinating problems of hierarchical optimization.
Download or read book Proceedings written by American Institute for Decision Sciences. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aggregation in Network Models for Transportation Planning written by Daniel Cullen and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transport decisions in an age of uncertainty written by E.J. Visser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Transport Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, April 1977
Download or read book Analytic Procedures for Urban Transportation Energy Conservation Analytic procedures for estimating changes in travel demand and fuel consumption written by Cambridge Systematics and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmentally Significant Behaviour in the Czech Republic Energy Food and Transportation written by Milan Ščasný and published by Karolinum Press. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book strives to present the results of research into the consumption of goods and services in Czech households. The first two chapters focus on the effect of consumption on the environment and theoretical approaches towards consumption and behaviour analysis. The remaining five chapters look into consumer behaviour and its significant effect on the environment, such as a demand for energy and transport, energy-saving measures in households, car ownership and organic food consumption. This book aims to point out the environmental effects related to these types of behaviour and provide new information on the frequency of these types of consumer behaviour in various segments of the Czech society. This publication also accentuates the policies and other intervention tools that may be used to influence consumer behaviour.
Download or read book Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inverse Problems in Atmospheric Constituent Transport written by I. G. Enting and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-06-20 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes mathematical techniques for interpreting measurements of greenhouse gases in order to learn about their sources and sinks. It is aimed at researchers and graduate students embarking upon studies in this area. Established researchers will also find its extensive referencing invaluable.
Download or read book Improving Transportation Data for Mobile Source Emission Estimates written by Arun Chatterjee and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1997 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Use and the Carbon Cycle written by Daniel G. Brown and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-28 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As governments and institutions work to ameliorate the effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on global climate, there is an increasing need to understand how land-use and land-cover change is coupled to the carbon cycle, and how land management can be used to mitigate their effects. This book brings an interdisciplinary team of fifty-eight international researchers to share their novel approaches, concepts, theories and knowledge on land use and the carbon cycle. It discusses contemporary theories and approaches combined with state-of-the-art technologies. The central theme is that land use and land management are tightly integrated with the carbon cycle and it is necessary to study these processes as a single natural-human system to improve carbon accounting and mitigate climate change. The book is an invaluable resource for advanced students, researchers, land-use planners and policy makers in natural resources, geography, forestry, agricultural science, ecology, atmospheric science and environmental economics.
Download or read book Balancing Greenhouse Gas Budgets written by Benjamin Poulter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Balancing Greenhouse Gas Budgets: Accounting for Natural and Anthropogenic Flows of CO2 and other Trace Gases provides a synthesis of greenhouse gas budgeting activities across the world. Organized in four sections, including background, methods, case studies and opportunities, it is an interdisciplinary book covering both science and policy. All environments are covered, from terrestrial to ocean, along with atmospheric processes using models, inventories and observations to give a complete overview of greenhouse gas accounting. Perspectives presented give readers the tools necessary to understand budget activities, think critically, and use the framework to carry out initiatives. Written by a combination of experts across career stages, presenting an integrated perspective for graduate students and professionals alike Includes sections authored by those involved in both early and later IPCC assessments Provides an interdisciplinary resource that spans many topics and methodologies in oceanic, land and atmospheric processes
Download or read book Analytical procedures for estimating changes in travel demand and fuel consumption written by Cambridge Systematics and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transport Models in Urban Planning Practices written by Marco te Brömmelstroet and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how transportation models can play a role in a changing transport planning and policy making context. Most models are rooted in decades of development work and are geared to offer value-free, academic and explicit knowledge to transport planning experts. However, planning practice has changed dramatically over the years, resulting in a less technical rational view on the use of such knowledge – especially so in early, strategy making phases. More and more complex policy goals, integration of a wide area of other policy domains, a wider, ever-changing and much more mixed group of planning participants and much more focus on ‘wicked problems’. The book maps how this influences the effectiveness of transport modelling exercises and explores several state-of-the-art implementations. This book was published as a special issue of Transport Reviews.
Download or read book Environmental External Costs of Transport written by Peter Bickel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport is very important for the economy and our welfare. However, transport also causes a lot of problems, including air pollution. Such problems should be taken into account, when making decisions. A prerequisite for doing so is, that the impacts are known, quantitatively measured and allocated to the different activities in transport. Furthermore, they should be transformed into monetary units to be used as a basis for cost-benefit analyses or as an aid for setting taxes and charges, that reflect the external costs. This book describes a methodology for calculating impacts of transport activities and external costs caused by air pollution and presents numerous applications of this methodology for different transport technologies, locations and policy case studies. The approach has been developed and results have been calculated within the research project 'ExternE Core/Transport', financed to a large extent by the European Commission, Directorate General Research. We would like to thank especially Pierre Vallette and Pekka Jarviletho from the EC for their advice and support. A considerable number of experts with expertise in the different disciplines of this highly interdisciplinary work contributed to this book. The editors would like to thank the authors (see list on p. XV) for their contributions; it is especially remarkable, that the authors helped to make this book an integrated whole instead of a number of independent contributions.
Download or read book Industrial Conflict in Britain written by S.W. Creigh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-08-09 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1977. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
