Download or read book Estimated Frequency of Cold Temperatures Over the Northern Hemisphere written by Henry A. Salmela and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military equipment must be designed to operate at very cold temperatures, at extremes that have a small probability of being attained, perhaps only a few hours a month. The percentage of time during the coldest month that temperatures as cold or colder than -40, -50, -60, and -70F are estimated and mapped for the Northern Hemisphere. Maps of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 percent probable low temperatures for the coldest month, based on actual hourly temperature distributions, were available for North America, so that only Greenland and Eurasia needed mapping for completion of the Northern Hemisphere. This was accomplished by developing regression equations which related the departure of the 1,5,10 and 20 percentile lowest hourly temperatures from the monthly mean to the mean daily range of temperature; also, estimates of hourly percentile values of low temperatures were made from available six hour temperature distributions for several stations in Siberia. (Author).
Download or read book Estimated Frequency of Cold Temperatures Over the Northern Hemisphere written by Henry A. Salmela and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Military equipment must be designed to operate at very cold temperatures, at extremes that have a small probability of being attained, perhaps only a few hours a month. The percentage of time during the coldest month that temperatures as cold or colder than -40, -50, -60, and -70F are estimated and mapped for the Northern Hemisphere. Maps of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 percent probable low temperatures for the coldest month, based on actual hourly temperature distributions, were available for North America, so that only Greenland and Eurasia needed mapping for completion of the Northern Hemisphere. This was accomplished by developing regression equations which related the departure of the 1,5,10 and 20 percentile lowest hourly temperatures from the monthly mean to the mean daily range of temperature; also, estimates of hourly percentile values of low temperatures were made from available six hour temperature distributions for several stations in Siberia. (Author)
Download or read book Atlas of Probabilities of Surface Temperature Extremes written by Paul Tattelman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The method for calculating warm and cold temperature extremes, described in Part I for the Northern Hemisphere, is used in this report (Part II) for an analogous presentation in the Southern Hemisphere. A bias in the estimates of cold temperature extremes for the Southern Hemisphere is discussed and evaluated in this report, resulting in development of a new set of regression equations to depict cold temperature extremes. The resulting Southern Hemisphere maps of the 1-, 5-, and 10-percent warm temperatures, and the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-percent cold temperatures for the warmest and coldest months, respectively, are presented. Parts I and II of this report together provide a global representation of warm and cold surface temperature extremes for use in systems design and operation. (Author).
Download or read book Atlas of Probabilities of Surface Temperature Extremes Northern Hemisphere written by Paul Tattelman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlas of Probabilities of Surface Temperature Extremes written by Paul Tattelman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for calculating warm (cold) temperature extremes during the warmest (coldest) month of the year was developed. Regression analyses were performed for warm (cold) temperature versus an index calculated from a station's monthly mean temperature and mean daily range. Correlation for these regression lines ranges from 0.974 to 0.995. Warm and cold indices, calculated for approximately 2000 Northern Hemisphere stations, were plotted and analyzed. The resulting Northern Hemisphere maps of the 1-, 5-, and 10-percent warm temperatures, and the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-percent cold temperatures for the warmest (coldest) month are presented.
Download or read book Atlas of Probabilities of Surface Temperature Extremes Southern Hemisphere written by Paul Tattelman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlas of Probabilities of Surface Temperature Extremes written by Paul Tattleman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The method for calculating warm and cold temperature extremes, described in Part I for the Northern Hemisphere, is used in this report (Part II) for an analogous presentation in the Southern Hemisphere. A bias in the estimates of cold temperature extremes for the Southern Hemisphere is discussed and evaluated in this report, resulting in development of a new set of regression equations to depict cold temperature extremes. The resulting Southern Hemisphere maps of the 1-, 5-, and 10-percent warm temperatures, and the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-percent cold temperatures for the warmest and coldest months, respectively, are presented. Parts I and II of this report together provide a global representation of warm and cold surface temperature extremes for use in systems design and operation. (Author).
Download or read book Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2 000 Years written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing "proxy evidence," which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.
Download or read book Synopsis of Background Material for MIL STD 210B Climatic Extremes for Military Equipment written by Norman Sissenwine and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Design Climatology Branch of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories had the scientific responsibility for leading a DoD Task Group effort to revise MIL-STD-210A 'Climatic Extremes for Military Equipment'. This document represents the fruition of the goals of the task group. It relates the background studies supporting the values in MIL-STD-210B, so that MIL-STD-210B users need to consult only this single document for an elaboration on the MIL- STD-210B extremes. In addition, the report contains information on the origin, necessity for and the events leading to a revision of MIL-STD-210A. Discussions of the major changes in the Standard's philosophy and its contents are also provided.
Download or read book Atlas of Probabilities of Surface Temperature Extremes written by Paul Tattelman and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method for calculating warm (cold) temperature extremes during the warmest (coldest) month of the year was developed. Regression analyses were performed for warm (cold) temperature versus an index calculated from a station's monthly mean temperature and mean daily range. Correlation for these regression lines ranges from 0.974 to 0.995. Warm and cold indices, calculated for approximately 2000 Northern Hemisphere stations, were plotted and analyzed. The resulting Northern Hemisphere maps of the 1-, 5-, and 10-percent warm temperatures, and the 1-, 5-, 10-, and 20-percent cold temperatures for the warmest (coldest) month are presented.
Download or read book Air Force Surveys in Geophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Average Temperatures Contour Heights and Winds at 30 Millibars Over the Northern Hemisphere written by R. A. Ebdon and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Duration and Unusual Extremes of Cold written by Irving I. Gringorten and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Duration, in hours and days, of low temperature during which equipment must operate and long term durations of extreme cold which equipment should 'withstand' without irreversible damage, are provided in the revision of MIL-STD-210A, Climatic Extremes for Military Equipment. A low temperature of -60F was established (in guidance from the Joint Chief of Staff) at which equipment should still be operable. But still lower temperatures, persisting from one to several days, at which the equipment must be able to withstand on standby for periods of 2 to 25 years, had to be inferred by modelling, to supplement the evidence of several scant data sources in the remote frigid areas of the world. The operational 20 percent extreme cold, equalled or exceeded continuously for 12 hours in the cold heart of Siberia, is -60F. The withstanding 10 percent extreme is lower than -80F in 2 to 4 days' exposure for a planned life of 2 to 25 years. (Author).
Download or read book Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-22 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors contribute to variability in Earth's climate on a range of timescales, from seasons to decades. Natural climate variability arises from two different sources: (1) internal variability from interactions among components of the climate system, for example, between the ocean and the atmosphere, and (2) natural external forcings, such as variations in the amount of radiation from the Sun. External forcings on the climate system also arise from some human activities, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols. The climate that we experience is a combination of all of these factors. Understanding climate variability on the decadal timescale is important to decision-making. Planners and policy makers want information about decadal variability in order to make decisions in a range of sectors, including for infrastructure, water resources, agriculture, and energy. In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine variability in Earth's climate on decadal timescales, defined as 10 to 30 years. During the workshop, ocean and climate scientists reviewed the state of the science of decadal climate variability and its relationship to rates of human-caused global warming, and they explored opportunities for improvement in modeling and observations and assessing knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Decadal Climate Variability summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Environmental Research Papers written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Circulation Systems their structure and physical interpretation written by Newton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1969 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Circulation Systems: their structure and physical interpretation
