Download or read book Essays on the Unintended Consequences of Banking Regulation written by John Patrick Ned and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Post crisis Commercial Banking written by Wesley Blake Marsh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation seeks to contribute to the understanding of the effect of regulation on bank behavior. Following the 2007-2009 financial crisis and the subsequent recession, bank regulators proposed a drastic overhaul of the financial system and their regulatory powers. Commercial banks, in particular, were required to hold higher levels of capital and liquidity and were subject to increased oversight of their business activities. Each chapter of this dissertation examines the effects of a particular aspect of these regulatory changes. Chapter 2 finds that U.S.-based capital and liquidity buffers may help to mitigate the effects of shocks originating abroad on U.S. loan markets. It finds that banks more closely tied to their foreign parents exhibit greater reductions in commercial loan exposures than banks with U.S.-based buffers. Chapter 3 examines the effect of regulatory guidance issued just prior to the crisis that targeted commercial real estate lending. Similar guidance has become more commonplace following the financial crisis. The results indicate that while the affected banks reduced lending in the targeted asset class, there were spillovers into other loan categories, suggesting that "macroprudential" regulations targeting specific asset buildups may have unintended consequences. Finally, Chapter 4 examines the effect of including fluctuations in the price of securities in banks' regulatory capital. This study finds that securities price volatility rises during times of interest rate and macroeconomic instability, suggesting that regulators may be prudent to require banks to hold capital against such price variations. Overall, the dissertation contributes to the understanding of the various and wide-ranging regulatory changes that regulators have implemented since the financial crisis. This is achieved by exploiting previously unused historical information, in the form of data or pre-crisis era regulatory actions, which shed light on the outcomes that we may expect from these new regulations.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Effects of Banking Regulations written by Ruogu Huang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Banking and Regulation written by Tirupam Goel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The broad goal of this dissertation is to further our understanding of the relationship between real and financial sectors of an economy, to identify inefficiencies in financial sector intermediation, and to design financial regulation policies that can address these inefficiencies. The three chapters of this dissertation contribute to specific aspects of the above goal. In the first chapter, I develop a general equilibrium macroeconomic model with a dynamic banking sector in order to characterize optimal size-dependent bank leverage regulation. Bank leverage choices are subject to the risk-return trade-off, and are inefficient due to financial frictions. I show that leverage regulation can generate welfare gains, and that optimal regulation is tighter relative to the benchmark and is bank-size dependent. In particular, optimal regulation is tighter for large banks relative to small banks, and it leads to the following welfare generating effects. First, as small banks take more leverage, they grow faster conditional on survival, leading to a selection effect. Second, small bank failures are less costly while entrants have higher relative efficiency, leading to a cleansing effect. Third, tighter regulation for large banks reduces their failure rate, which generates welfare since large banks are more efficient and costlier to replace, leading to a stabilization effect. The calibrated model rationalizes various steady state moments of the US banking industry, and points towards qualitatively similar but quantitatively tighter leverage regulation relative to the proposition in Basel III accords. In the second chapter, I study the financial contagion problem when banks in order to hedge against idiosyncratic shocks, engage in two-dimensional as opposed to one-dimensional interactions with other banks. To this end, I develop a double-edge interbank network model where banks engage in debt contract and securitization transactions with other banks. I show that the standard intuition of financial contagion does not translate from the one-dimensional case to the two-dimensional case i.e. financial contagion can either weaken or worsen depending on the network and parameter configuration. In particular, I derive parametrization for the case where financial contagion worsens. In the third chapter, we investigate whether countercyclical capital-ratio regulation (CCR) should be implemented strictly as a rule, or whether regulators should have discretion with respect to the timing and magnitude of changes in capital-ratio requirement. Using a simple model we prove the proposition that under information asymmetry, discretionary CCR leads to an increase in policy uncertainty relative to rule-based CCR. We prove a similar proposition for a general finite-horizon economy. Finally, we document that since discretionary CCR enables the regulator to respond to unexpected shocks, a benevolent regulator faces the welfare trade-off while choosing between rule-based and discretionary CCR.

Download or read book Essays in Banking Regulation written by Maryam Kazemi Manesh and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Empirical Corporate Finance written by Felipe Aldunate and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis studies how government regulation affects firms' financial and governance decisions. In the first chapter I examine how deregulation in the railroad industry affects CEO-firm matches and firms' performance. I exploit the 1980 Staggers Rail Act, which introduced competition to the highly regulated freight railroad industry. The results show that after the deregulation there was an increase in CEO turnover and in the percentage of CEOs with business education and with broader work experience. I also find that CEO turnover was less related to firm performance in the deregulated period. The next two chapters study the unintended consequences of two different types of financial regulation, which intended to protect consumers. In Chapter 2, I use the introduction of state deposit guarantee systems in the early 20th century as a quasi-natural experiment to study its effects on the banking system. I find that insured banks experienced higher growth rates than uninsured banks. However, I find no effects of deposit insurance on failure rates, or risk taking proxied by leverage and illiquid assets holdings. Finally, Chapter 3 analyzes the effects of double liability for banks' shareholders in the United States during the Great Depression. In case of a bank failure, shareholders subject to double liability could not only lose their equity, but an additional amount equal to the par value of their shares. My coauthors and I find that single-liability banks were riskier than double-liability banks in terms of their asset allocation. We also conclude that an unintended effect was the higher exit rates via merger or voluntary liquidation of double-liability banks. This is consistent with the hypothesis that in the presence of double liability, shareholders decide to liquidate their investment earlier to avoid risking their personal assets in case of failure.

Download or read book Essays on Banking Regulation Macroeconomic Dynamics and Financial Volatility written by Roy Zilberman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Banking and Financial Intermediation written by Yuteng Cheng (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 uses a mix of theory and data to study the unintended consequences of mandatory retention rules in securitization. The Dodd-Frank Act and the EU Securitization Regulation both impose a 5% mandatory retention requirement in securitization to motivate financial intermediaries to screen and monitor their borrowers more carefully. To better understand the impact of the policy, this chapter studies two related research questions. First, can mandatory retention have unintended consequences? Second, is the current level of retention optimal? To answer those questions, I propose a novel trade-off model in which retention strengthens monitoring but may also encourage banks to shift risk. I go on to provide empirical evidence supporting this unintended consequence: in the data, banks shifted toward riskier portfolios after the implementation of the retention rules embedded in Dodd-Frank. Furthermore, the model provides clear testable predictions about policy and corresponding consequences. I show in the data that stricter retention rules caused banks to monitor and shift risk simultaneously. According to the model prediction, such a simultaneous increase can only occur when the retention level is above optimal, which suggests that the current rate of 5% in the US is too high. Chapter 2Chapter 2 studies the source of fragility of OTC-natured interbank markets. Most research on the fragility of interbank markets -in the sense of multiplicity of equilibria driven by adverse selection-relies on a competitive market structure. By contrast, this chapter accounts for the OTC market nature and the market power of some players. Under adverse selection alone, markets are not fragile; that is, the equilibrium is unique. However, when adverse selection is combined with moral hazard on the borrowers' side, multiple equilibria arise again, and the bad equilibrium exhibits troubled banks gambling for resurrection. An interest rate floor eliminates the bad equilibrium. More generally, policies to reduce fragility should address moral hazard rather than adverse selection. Chapter 3Chapter 3 studies the contracting differences between corporate loans that are sold in the secondary market and that are securitized in the CLO market. With secondary loan sales and CLO markets being the two markets for corporate loan commoditization, empirical studies find that banks add additional restrictive covenants to loans sold and looser covenants to loans securitized. Why is it so? This chapter builds a theoretical model to explain such contracting differences in these two markets. The key mechanism is that the bank alleviates the borrowers' moral hazard problem via public monitoring and charges higher interest rates due to the relaxing of incentives provided. Those high interest rates facilitate loan sales because the information problem embedded in loan sales is lessened. In contrast, adverse selection is less severe in securitization since the bank retains the information-sensitive tranche.

Download or read book The Regulatory Responses to the Global Financial Crisis written by Mr.Stijn Claessens and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We identify current challenges for creating stable, yet efficient financial systems using lessons from recent and past crises. Reforms need to start from three tenets: adopting a system-wide perspective explicitly aimed at addressing market failures; understanding and incorporating into regulations agents’ incentives so as to align them better with societies’ goals; and acknowledging that risks of crises will always remain, in part due to (unknown) unknowns – be they tipping points, fault lines, or spillovers. Corresponding to these three tenets, specific areas for further reforms are identified. Policy makers need to resist, however, fine-tuning regulations: a “do not harm” approach is often preferable. And as risks will remain, crisis management needs to be made an integral part of system design, not relegated to improvisation after the fact.

Download or read book THREE ESSAYS ON FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES REACTION TO CHANGING MARKET CONDITIONS written by David Abell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation continues the tradition of identifying the effects of economic shocks to financial intermediaries. Its main contribution is to estimate the size of credit market disruptions in the form of government intervention, asset market crises, and competitive pressures, while using methods that are more novel and appropriate than those of previous work. Chapter 1 examines the effect of the elimination of U.S. banking regulations, which are intended to expand the access of financial services within states and across state-lines, on entrepreneurship activity. It finds that there was increase in small business formation following the deregulation of interstate banking, but not intrastate banking. Results indicate allowing banks to lend and take deposits across state lines increases small business formation by up to 8%. There is a delayed impact following the passage of legislation indicating credit markets require time to adjust to the new regulatory environment. Heterogeneous effects exist across firm sizes in terms of economic impact magnitude and timing. The main contribution of the chapter is that examines the impact on entrepreneurship in separate periods after the initial passing and on subsets of small businesses. Whereas Chapter 1 estimates the effect of a foreseen event, Chapter 2 focuses on the impact of unexpected housing crisis on financial intermediaries loan servicing decisions. As the housing market worsened mortgage lenders could not rely solely on foreclosure processes to reduce losses on homes in default, rather many found the need to engage in modifying loan terms to allow borrowers to continue making mortgage payments. Modifications that increased the affordability of monthly payments were effective at halving the cumulative 36-month redefault rate for mortgages between 2008 and 2011. Findings indicate the improving economy and mortgage risk characteristics are not enough to explain the reduction in redefault. Instead, results find evidence of "learning -by-doing" i.e., servicers become better at targeting borrowers for modification and providing the appropriate payment relief over time. Voluntary government modification programs serve as guidelines for servicers to design and invest in their own modification processes. The impact of this learning by doing is evident before and after controlling for macroeconomic conditions, borrower characteristics, and loan terms. Previous studies do not effectively isolate the improvement in post-modification with an econometric model using a control group similar to this one. Furthermore, other studies consider only particular servicer subsets of mortgage modifications, such as private securitized, whereas the sample here considers all servicer types and payment reducing modifications. Ultimately, the results indicate mortgage modifications were an effective non-foreclosure alternative to keep homeowners in their homes and monthly payments flowing to mortgage servicers. Chapter 3 examines the impact of changes in bank competition on bank capital in the United States. Allen et al. (2011) proposes excessive capital holdings, i.e., capital holdings above regulatory requirements, are attributable to market discipline arising from banks' asset side. Theory predicts competition incentivizes banks to hold higher levels of capital because this indicates a commitment to monitoring to encourage bank stability. I examine heterogeneous impacts of competition on capital over the business cycle and across bank size. Economic downturns usually bring significant changes to bank concentration, which can cause a different impact than during economic booms. Smaller banks can feel different competitive pressures than larger banks due to a focus on local lending activities. I have two main results. More intense competition is associated with higher bank capital ratios at all times (before, during, and after the financial crisis) for small, medium, and large banks. All banks see a larger impact during the crisis period compared to the pre- and post-crisis periods. The findings of this paper can have significant policy implications for the application of anti-trust regulation, since capital ratios are commonly used to restrain individual and systemic bank risk.

Download or read book Unintended Consequences written by Edward Conard and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Was our country’s economic success before the Crash of ‘08 built on false pretenses? Did we simply borrow and spend too much, or was something else really going on? The conventional wisdom now accuses Wall Street and the mortgage industry of using predatory tactics to seduce homeowners. Meanwhile, average Americans are blamed for increasing consumption to unsustainable levels by borrowing recklessly. And the tax policies of the Reagan and Bush administrations are blamed for encouraging reckless risk-taking. Edward Conard disagrees. In an attempt to set the record straight he presents a fascinating new case for how the economy really works, why the U.S. has outperformed other countries, what caused the financial crisis, and what improvements might better protect our economy without damaging growth.

Download or read book Essays on the Economic Consequences of Mandatory IFRS Reporting around the world written by Ulf Brüggemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ulf Brüggemann discusses and empirically investigates the economic consequences of mandatory switch to IFRS. He provides evidence that cross-border investments by individual investors increased following the introduction of IFRS.

Download or read book Coping with Financial Crises written by Hugh Rockoff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-09 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume is based on original essays first presented at the World Economic History Conference, Kyoto, Japan, in August 2015. It also includes three essays subsequently written especially for this volume. All of the essays focus on financial markets in the periods leading up to, during, and after financial crises, and all are based on new data and archival research. The essays in this volume enlarge the range of historical evidence on the causes and potential cures for financial crises. While not neglecting the United States or Britain, the usual focus of financial historians, it includes studies of financial markets in times of crisis in Japan, Sweden, France, and other countries to achieve a truly global and historical perspective. As a result of the research reported here the reader will be made aware of several neglected factors that have shaped financial crises including the most recent crisis. These factors are (1) the role played by monetary policy in causing and ameliorating crises, (2) the role played by international contagion in private financial markets in propagating financial crises, (3) the role played by variations in the institutional structures of financial markets in determining the impact of financial crises, and (4) the role played by the social background of the central bankers who must contend with financial crises in determining the final outcome.

Download or read book The fundamental principles of financial regulation written by Markus Konrad Brunnermeier and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Growth of Shadow Banking written by Matthias Thiemann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By analyzing the growth and regulation of shadow banking activities by large banks in Western Europe and the US, this book illuminates how the evolution of finance, driven by structural pressures and financial innovations, is crucially mediated through state-finance interactions on the meaning of rules and the need to comply.

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Banking Regulation and Reform written by Ismail Ertürk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Companion to Banking Regulation and Reform provides a prestigious cutting edge international reference work offering students, researchers and policy makers a comprehensive guide to the paradigm shift in banking studies since the historic financial crisis in 2007. The transformation in banking over the last two decades has not been authoritatively and critically analysed by the mainstream academic literature. This unique collection brings together a multi-disciplinary group of leading authorities in the field to analyse and investigate post-crisis regulation and reform. Representing the wide spectrum of non-mainstream economics and finance, topics range widely from financial innovation to misconduct in banking, varieties of Eurozone banking to reforming dysfunctional global banking as well as topical issues such as off-shore financial centres, Libor fixing, corporate governance and the Dodd-Frank Act. Bringing together an authoritative range of international experts and perspectives, this invaluable body of heterodox research work provides a comprehensive compendium for researchers and academics of banking and finance as well as regulators and policy makers concerned with the global impact of financial institutions.

Download or read book Regulatory Cycles Revisiting the Political Economy of Financial Crises written by Jihad Dagher and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial crises are traditionally analyzed as purely economic phenomena. The political economy of financial booms and busts remains both under-emphasized and limited to isolated episodes. This paper examines the political economy of financial policy during ten of the most infamous financial booms and busts since the 18th century, and presents consistent evidence of pro-cyclical regulatory policies by governments. Financial booms, and risk-taking during these episodes, were often amplified by political regulatory stimuli, credit subsidies, and an increasing light-touch approach to financial supervision. The regulatory backlash that ensues from financial crises can only be understood in the context of the deep political ramifications of these crises. Post-crisis regulations do not always survive the following boom. The interplay between politics and financial policy over these cycles deserves further attention. History suggests that politics can be the undoing of macro-prudential regulations.