Download or read book Essays on the Transmission of Human Capital and the Impact of Technological Change written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Skill Biased Technological Change and Human Capital written by Qian Lu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation studies determinants of the U.S. labor market structure and human capital development, with a focus on technological change. A key feature of the U.S. labor market since 1980 is the substantial growth of the employment in high skill occupations and there is a substantial literature attributing this change to technological change. However, since 1999, the employment growth of high skill occupations has decelerated markedly despite continued rapid growth in technology. The first essay documents this novel trend and examines the role of technological change in explaining this phenomenon. It shows that technological advancements since the late 1990s, such as the onset of Internet, have expanded what computers can do and become substitutes for high skill occupations. This change can explain a substantial portion of the stagnancy in employment growth for high skill occupation in the 2000s. The second essay examines the role of computer adoption in explaining the differences in the change of gender wage gap between 1980 and 2000 across cities in the United States. It uses the city-level routine task intensity in 1980 to predict the subsequent increase in computer adoption and shows that cities with one percent greater increase in computer adoption experienced a 0.7 percent more decrease in the change of male-female wage ratio between 1980 and 2000. Computerization explains about 50 percent of the decline in the male-female wage gap between 1980 and 2000. The third essay studies the causal effect of maternal education on the gender gap in children's non-cognitive skills. It shows that maternal education reduces boys' disadvantage in non-cognitive behaviors relative to girls at age 7. To explain the mechanism of this effect, it provides suggestive evidence that better educated mothers spend more time going outings with boys while reading to girls at age 7, and going outings could be more closely related to non-cognitive development than reading.
Download or read book Two Essays on Human Capital and Its Relation to Changing Patterns of Employment and Technological Change written by Robert Piron and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology and Human Capital in Historical Perspective written by Jonas Ljungberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-10-29 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One theme of this volume is whether the complementarity between technology and human capital is a recent phenomenon, or whether it can be traced through history. Different approaches to human capital as well as technology are applied, and besides historical surveys are total factor productivity and patent data employed. The studies deal with the Iberian peninsula, Scandinavia, and Canada, countries displaying different patterns in the international development.
Download or read book Essays on the Impact of Information Communication Technologies on Human Capital written by Likun Mao and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Human Capital and Technology Shocks written by Neville Francis and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Converging Technology Revolution and Human Capital written by Sajitha Bashir and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asia is heavily impacted by the devastating loss of lives and human capital from the COVID-19 pandemic and the converging technology revolution sweeping the globe. The Converging Technology Revolution and Human Capital: Potential and Implications for South Asia looks at how the region could capitalize on these technologies to accelerate its development of human capital and promote adaptability and resilience to future shocks. The convergence of technological breakthroughs spanning biotechnology, nanotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science is driven by artificial intelligence, data flows, computing power, and connectivity. These breakthroughs can improve service delivery, productivity, and innovation, but they can also exacerbate inequalities and eliminate people’s agency and empowerment. This report analyzes these trends in the region, offering a comprehensive agenda to exploit the opportunities offered by converging technologies while minimizing the risks to vulnerable populations. It proposes strategies for building public sector capacity and promoting data and technology governance frameworks in a rapidly evolving technology landscape.
Download or read book Essays on Information Technology Human Capital and the Future of Work written by Sebastian Steffen (Scientist in business management) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three essays concerning the economics of information technology, human capital, and the future of work. In the first essay, 'Occupational Change: Automation and Reskilling Risks', I develop a methodology to study occupational skill demands and estimate the returns to skills, by leveraging novel data from over 200 million online job postings from 2010 until 2020. I find large heterogeneity in skill returns across industries and identify potential (re)skill investment opportunities for workers.
Download or read book Essays on the Influence of Human Capital in the Adoption of Information Technologies by Households and Its Effects on Teenagers written by Luis Felipe Hernández Cordero and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study of the influence of human capital in the, households' diffusion of Information Technologies (IT), in particular, computers and the Internet; and their potential benefits and costs among teenagers. The first part develops a theoretical model to understand the importance of human capital for the households' computer and Internet adoption. Urban and rural households select the technology choice that maximizes their utility, given their education, the basic skills needed to use a computer and the market prices. Firms compete as in a standard Cournot fashion. As an illustration of the model, data from Guatemalan households is analysed. The second part analyses the importance of education, among other factors, in the diffusion process of computers and Internet among British households using a multivariate dynamic random effects pro bit model that distinguishes households that are at risk from adopting IT technologies, from those at risk of staying as users. This part includes counterfactual simulations to highlight the importance of human capital in the IT diffusion among households. The third part studies the potential effects of computer access on English teenagers. Firstly, it is analysed if IT access at home and at school are beneficial for the academic outcomes of students, as most children tend to believe, and also if these technologies motivate them to study beyond compulsory education. Secondly, this chapter explores if IT technologies are affecting their plans, risk behaviour, and socialization. The main findings suggest that human capital has played an important role in the computer and Internet diffusion among households. Regarding the academic outcomes, small academic benefits are found from computer home access, but no effects are found from computer use at school. No evidence is found that suggests computer access motivates students to study beyond compulsory education. Finally, computers appear to have negative effects on teens' risk behaviour.
Download or read book The Impact of Technological Change and Investment in Human Capital Upon Production in the United States written by Floyd K. Harmston and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Globalization of Technology written by Proceedings of the Sixth Convocation of The Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technological revolution has reached around the world, with important consequences for business, government, and the labor market. Computer-aided design, telecommunications, and other developments are allowing small players to compete with traditional giants in manufacturing and other fields. In this volume, 16 engineering and industrial experts representing eight countries discuss the growth of technological advances and their impact on specific industries and regions of the world. From various perspectives, these distinguished commentators describe the practical aspects of technology's reach into business and trade.
Download or read book Technological Change Human Capital and Extinction written by William M. Wadman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Human Capital Accumulation and Development written by Hyunseok Kim (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I explore human capital accumulation and its implication for economic development. Chapter 1 and 2 focused on the mechanism behind the sustained economic growth of South Korea, which was a war-devastated, aid-recipient country two generations ago but now sells semiconductors and automobiles to the world. I ask how the country shifted its technology to capital-intensive production technique. These chapters consider educational policy change that led to an increase in college graduate. Chapter 3 studies the mechanism behind the divergence in employment between temporary and permanent workers in South Korea. The chapter considers the labor policy change that protects temporary employment. For each chapter, I construct a plant-level panel dataset from a series of censuses and connect it with an industry-level input-output table to consider a spillover effect. Chapter 1 studies how an increase in college graduates has affected the technology shift in South Korea. The analysis is based on the concept of complementarity in technology adoption - i.e., the idea that more adopters increase a marginal adopter's gain. I consider skilled labor as an adoption good needed for technology adoption. If complementarity exists in technology adoption, there could be multiple equilibria, possibly leading to undesirable results from coordination failure. I develop a theoretical framework which predicts that an increase in the adoption good of skilled labor could overcome coordination failure and promote a technology shift. Based on plant-level panel data from 1982-1996, I find that accumulation of more outside human capital, or more adopters, (i) benefits marginal adopting firm's profit and investment, and (ii) promotes the firm's technology shift by increasing the productivity of capital while decreasing that of unskilled workers. This paper contributes to the literature on aggregate growth theory by verifying that outside human capital accumulation and its spillover effect contribute to economic growth. Chapter 2 builds on Chapter 1, where human capital is considered an adoption good, by studying the specific role of human capital. Specifically, I explore whether research and development (R&D) is the channel through which human capital accumulation leads to a technology shift. The analysis is based on previous literature indicating that R&D generates new knowledge and the absorption of outside knowledge. The latter role of R&D, absorptive capacity, matches the concept of complementarity in chapter 1. Based on plant-level panel data, I find that (i) human capital accumulation due to the educational policy change promotes R&D in the manufacturing industries; (ii) the effect of R&D spillovers is increasing in a firm's own R&D, a finding which validates the concepts of absorptive capacity and complementarity; and (iii) more outside R&D promotes a firm's technology shift toward capital-intensity. This paper contributes to the literature on endogenous growth, which so far has focused on R&D spillover's effects on total factor productivity rather than on technology shift, by connecting absorptive capacity with complementarity in technology adoption. Chapter 3 investigates another dimension of human capital: permanent and temporary workers. The labor market in South Korea has witnessed a divergence in employment between permanent and temporary workers. The proportion of permanent workers, which had been stable between 50 and 60 percent for two decades in the 1990s and 2000s, has increased recently to above 70 percent. I point out that legislation requiring firms that hire a worker on a temporary basis for more than two years to offer them permanent status serves as a trigger for the divergence. This legislation limits the advantages (to firms) of flexibility in hiring and capacity for screening new workers. Hence, in a competitive labor market firms expect that other firms are more likely to hire permanent rather than temporary workers. If complementarity exists in permanent employment, the legislation serves as a Big Push to make the divergence happen. Based on plant-level panel data covering 2011-2019, I find that (i) flexibility and screening effect of temporary workers are overwhelmed by human capital effect, and (ii) complementarity in permanent employment holds after the temporary employment protection legislation. This paper deepens the understanding of the recent labor market phenomena in South Korea by adopting the concept of complementarity and a Big Push.
Download or read book Essays on Growth Development and Human Capital written by Juan Ignacio Vizcaino and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skills, Technologies and Development. I study how the productivity of skilled and unskilled labor varies with development. Using harmonized, occupational labor market outcomes for a broad set of countries across the development spectrum, I document that employment in high-skill occupations, or jobs that are relatively more intensive in non-routine cognitive tasks, grows with development. In addition, the income of workers in high-skill occupations falls relative to earnings in low-skill occupations as countries grow richer. To understand the forces driving these findings, I develop a stylized model of the labor market across development. In the model, labor productivity is determined endogenously as a result of the selection of heterogeneous workers into occupations and education. I use a quantitative version of the model to decompose the observed decline in relative labor income between less-developed countries and the US into a component embedded in technologies, or relative skilled labor efficiency, and a fraction due to workers’ characteristics, or relative skilled labor quality. I find that relative quality explains 25 percent of the decline in relative labor income, with the remaining fraction due to relative efficiency. In less-developed countries, the relatively few skilled workers are the most productive in performing high-skill jobs, which reduces the magnitude of skill-biased technological progress needed to rationalize the cross-country data by one half when compared to a world where labor quality is purely determined by educational attainment. Skill-Biased Structural Change. Using a broad panel of advanced economies, we document that increases in GDP per-capita are associated with a systematic shift in the composition of value added to sectors that are intensive in high-skill labor, a process we label as skillbiased structural change. It follows that further development in these economies leads to an increase in the relative demand for skilled labor. We develop a two-sector model of this process and use it to assess the contribution of skill-biased structural change to the rise of the skill premium in the US and a set of ten other advanced economies, over the period of 1977 to 2005. For the US, we find that these compositional changes in demand account for 20-27% of the overall increase of the skill premium due to technical change. Natural Disasters and Growth: The Role of Foreign Aid and Disaster Insurance. In this paper we develop a continuous time stochastic growth model that is suitable for studying the impact of natural disasters on the short run and long run growth rate of an economy. We find that the growth effects of a natural disaster depend in complicated ways on the details of expected foreign disaster aid and the existence of catastrophe insurance markets. We show that aid can have an influence on investments in prevention and mitigation activities and can delay the recovery from a natural disaster strike.
Download or read book Endogenous Human Capital and Technological Change in Closed and Open Economies written by Theo Stefan Eicher and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technological Change Education and Obsolescence of Human Capital written by Indermit Singh Gill and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Human Capital Technology Market Power and Growth written by Alberto Bucci and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
