Download or read book Social and Economic Factors in Decision Making under Uncertainty written by Kinga Posadzy and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of human behavior that goes beyond monetary rewards. In particular, it investigates social influences in individual’s decision making in situations that involve coordination, competition, and deciding for others. Further, it compares how monetary and social outcomes are perceived. The common theme of all studies is uncertainty. The first four essays study individual decisions that have uncertain consequences, be it due to the actions of others or chance. The last essay, in turn, uses the advances in research on decision making under uncertainty to predict behavior in riskless choices. The first essay, Fairness Versus Efficiency: How Procedural Fairness Concerns Affect Coordination, investigates whether preferences for fair rules undermine the efficiency of coordination mechanisms that put some individuals at a disadvantage. The results from a laboratory experiment show that the existence of coordination mechanisms, such as action recommendations, increases efficiency, even if one party is strongly disadvantaged by the mechanism. Further, it is demonstrated that while individuals’ behavior does not depend on the fairness of the coordination mechanism, their beliefs about people’s behavior do. The second essay, Dishonesty and Competition. Evidence from a stiff competition environment, explores whether and how the possibility to behave dishonestly affects the willingness to compete and who the winner is in a competition between similarly skilled individuals. We do not find differences in competition entry between competitions in which dishonesty is possible and in which it is not. However, we find that due to the heterogeneity in propensity to behave dishonestly, around 20% of winners are not the best-performing individuals. This implies that the efficient allocation of resources cannot be ensured in a stiff competition in which behavior is unmonitored. The third essay, Tracing Risky Decision Making for Oneself and Others: The Role of Intuition and Deliberation, explores how individuals make choices under risk for themselves and on behalf of other people. The findings demonstrate that while there are no differences in preferences for taking risks when deciding for oneself and for others, individuals have greater decision error when choosing for other individuals. The differences in the decision error can be partly attributed to the differences in information processing; individuals employ more deliberative cognitive processing when deciding for themselves than when deciding for others. Conducting more information processing when deciding for others is related to the reduction in decision error. The fourth essay, The Effect of Decision Fatigue on Surgeons’ Clinical Decision Making, investigates how mental depletion, caused by a long session of decision making, affects surgeon’s decision to operate. Exploiting a natural experiment, we find that surgeons are less likely to schedule an operation for patients who have appointment late during the work shift than for patients who have appointment at the beginning of the work shift. Understanding how the quality of medical decisions depends on when the patient is seen is important for achieving both efficiency and fairness in health care, where long shifts are popular. The fifth essay, Preferences for Outcome Editing in Monetary and Social Contexts, compares whether individuals use the same rules for mental representation of monetary outcomes (e.g., purchases, expenses) as for social outcomes (e.g., having nice time with friends). Outcome editing is an operation in mental accounting that determines whether individuals prefer to first combine multiple outcomes before their evaluation (integration) or evaluate each outcome separately (segregation). I find that the majority of individuals express different preferences for outcome editing in the monetary context than in the social context. Further, while the results on the editing of monetary outcomes are consistent with theoretical predictions, no existing model can explain the editing of social outcomes.
Download or read book Kahnemann and Tversky and the making of behavioral economics written by Floris Heukelom and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Socio Economics written by Amitai Etzioni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays deal with various aspects of a new, rising field, socio economics. The field is seeking to combine the variables studied by neoclassical economists with those typically studied by other social sciences. The combination is expected to provide a better understanding of economic behavior and the economy as well as society; make more reliable predictions; and be more in line with normative values we seek to uphold. The new field, though, may be less elegant mathematically and possibly less parsimonious than neoclassical economics. Some of my ideas on this subject are included in a previously published book, The Moral Dimension: TowardA New Economics (New York: The Free Press, 1988). They also led to a formation of an international society of several thousand scholars who are interested in the field, the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics. The essays at hand are in effect grouped. The first two, previously published respectively in the Journal of Economic Psychology and Business Ethics Quarterly, reflect my most recent thinking. They both have a utopian streak that may stand out especially in these days when unfeathered capitalism is the rage. The first points to people, who far from making consuming ever more their life's project, seek a less affiuent way oflife. It examines the psychological foundations and the social consequences of such an approach.
Download or read book Understanding Socioeconomic Differences in Health An Economic Approach written by and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Econometric studies to the economic and social factors of crime written by Sunčica Nikola Vujić and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Concept of Equilibrium in Different Economic Traditions written by Bert Tieben and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic dances for two and three written by Andrey Andreyevich Dubovik and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book What Determines Social Behavior Investigating the Role of Emotions Self Centered Motives and Social Norms written by Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-28 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human behavior and decision making is subject to social and motivational influences such as emotions, norms and self/other regarding preferences. The identification of the neural and psychological mechanisms underlying these factors is a central issue in psychology, behavioral economics and social neuroscience, with important clinical, social, and even political implications. However, despite a continuously growing interest from the scientific community, the processes underlying these factors, as well as their ontogenetic and phylogenetic development, have so far remained elusive. In this Research Topic we collect articles that provide challenging insights and stimulate a fruitful controversy on the question of “what determines social behavior”. Indeed, over the last decades, research has shown that introducing a social context to otherwise abstract tasks has diverse effects on social behavior. On the one hand, it may induce individuals to act irrationally, for instance to refuse money, but on the other hand it improves individuals’ reasoning, in that formerly difficult abstract problems can be easily solved. These lines of research led to distinct (although not necessarily mutually exclusive) models for socially-driven behavioral changes. For instance, a popular theoretical framework interprets human behavior as a result of a conflict between cognition and emotion, with the cognitive system promoting self-interested choices, and the emotional system (triggered by the social context) operating against them. Other theories favor social norms and deontic heuristics in biasing human reasoning and encouraging choices that are sometimes in conflict with one’s interest. Few studies attempted to disentangle between these (as well as other) models. As a consequence, although insightful results arise from specific domains/tasks, a comprehensive theoretical framework is still missing. Furthermore, studies employing neuroimaging techniques have begun to shed some light on the neural substrates involved in social behavior, implicating consistently (although not exclusively) portions of the limbic system, the insular and the prefrontal cortex. In this context, a challenge for present research lies not only in further mapping the brain structures implicated in social behavior, or in describing in detail the functional interaction between these structures, but in showing how the implicated networks relate to different theoretical models. This is Research Topic hosted by members of the Swiss National Center of Competence in Research “Affective Sciences – Emotions in Individual Behaviour and Social Processes”. We collected contributions from the international community which extended the current knowledge about the psychological and neural structures underlying social behavior and decision making. In particular, we encouraged submissions from investigators arising from different domains (psychology, behavioral economics, affective sciences, etc.) implementing different techniques (behavior, electrophysiology, neuroimaging, brain stimulations) on different populations (neurotypical adults, children, brain damaged or psychiatric patients, etc.). Animal studies are also included, as the data reported are of high comparative value. Finally, we also welcomed submissions of meta-analytical articles, mini-reviews and perspective papers which offer provocative and insightful interpretations of the recent literature in the field.
Download or read book The influence of sellers and the intermediary on buyers trust in C2C electronic marketplaces written by Selmar Meents and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic development and growth in transition countries written by Desislava Todorova Rusinova and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Breaking the Ice between government and busisness written by and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Preference and Influence written by Oliver Beige and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays in Social Value Theory A Neoinstitutionalist Contribution written by Marc R. Tool and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of Marc Tool's essays on instituitional econonics, written over the 1980s.
Download or read book Rationalised panics The consequences of strategic uncertainty during financial crisis written by Tijmen Roderik Danie͏̈ls and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic Delay Management at Railways Semi Markovian Decision Approach written by Assil Al- Ibrahim and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stochastic dominance in portfolio analysis and asset pricing written by Andrey M. Lizyayev and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Efficient simulation algorithms for optimization of discrete event systems based on measure valued differentation written by Taoying Farenhorst-Yuan and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
