Download or read book Essays on Forced Migration and Labour Market Participation in Developing Countries written by Katrin Marchand and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Migration and Labour Markets in Developing Countries written by Jason Gagnon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work consists of three essays. The first studies Chinese migration to urban areas to determine whether migrants are discriminated against in terms of wages and job type in the urban labor market. A Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with respect to wages shows that rural migrants are discriminated on salary, but all migrants (rural and urban) are victims of employment discrimination with formal contracts. Essay 3 studies the effect of migration on the labor market in Honduras. Using the the skill cell model devised by Borjas (2003) it finds that the sudden and intense emigration from Honduras following Hurricane Mitch resulted in a wage increase of around 20% for each emigration of 10% of the population between 2001 and 2007, an elasticity that is much higher than previous studies on the subject. In addition, emigration from Honduras increased hours worked and under-employment, while reducing the self-employment. Essay 4 examines the effects of emigration on the behaviour of labour within households in Honduras and found that there was little difference in how households changed their behaviour immediately after the hurricane. By contrast, after 31 months the municipalities that were most exposed were also more likely to receive remittances and reduce child labour. After 47 months, they were also more likely to have an self-employed adult working in the household.
Download or read book Moving for Prosperity written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration presents a stark policy dilemma. Research repeatedly confirms that migrants, their families back home, and the countries that welcome them experience large economic and social gains. Easing immigration restrictions is one of the most effective tools for ending poverty and sharing prosperity across the globe. Yet, we see widespread opposition in destination countries, where migrants are depicted as the primary cause of many of their economic problems, from high unemployment to declining social services. Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets addresses this dilemma. In addition to providing comprehensive data and empirical analysis of migration patterns and their impact, the report argues for a series of policies that work with, rather than against, labor market forces. Policy makers should aim to ease short-run dislocations and adjustment costs so that the substantial long-term benefits are shared more evenly. Only then can we avoid draconian migration restrictions that will hurt everybody. Moving for Prosperity aims to inform and stimulate policy debate, facilitate further research, and identify prominent knowledge gaps. It demonstrates why existing income gaps, demographic differences, and rapidly declining transportation costs mean that global mobility will continue to be a key feature of our lives for generations to come. Its audience includes anyone interested in one of the most controversial policy debates of our time.
Download or read book The Unsettled Relationship written by Demetrios G. Papademetriou and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1991-03-30 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than twenty million migrant workers send $40 billion to their countries of origin each year, making labor second only to oil as the most important commodity traded internationally. The essays contained here deal with this unsettled sociopolitical issue--international labor migration and its relationship to economic development--seeking to determine the effects of recruitment, remittances, and return migration on labor-exporting countries. Many analysts, sending-country governments, employers, and migrant workers feel that countries with unemployed workers should, if possible, export them to countries with labor shortages. Remittances from migrants and returning workers who were trained abroad should stimulate economic growth enough to reduce unemployment and pressures to emigrate. It was projected that within a decade or less, labor-importing countries would emerge from the labor-shortage phase of their development. However, migrant workers have become a structural feature of the economies in Western Europe, the Middle East, South Africa, and the United States: emigration does not promote development in the sending countries. This collection of twelve chapters by experts in the field examines the conceptual and theoretical issues in international labor migration and looks at the relationship between migration and development in Africa, between Mediterranean countries and Europe, between Asian labor exporters and Middle Eastern importers, and the effects of emigration on Latin America and the Caribbean. In addition to comprehensive introductory and concluding sections, Conceptual and Theoretical Issues in International Labor Migration and The Unsettled Relationship between Migration and Development, the volume is divided into four additional sections that scrutinize labor migration and development in Africa, Greece, and Turkey, Asian countries, and Latin America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. The book's recurring theme states that there is no iron law of migration-induced development: recruitment, remittances, and returns do not automatically generate stay-at-home development. This first thorough and comparative treatment, with its focus on the population, social policy, labor market, language, and foreign policy implications of recent and present policies, will be invaluable for courses on refugees and migrants in sociology and comparative public policy. Research libraries and international assistance organizations will find it an indispensable resource.
Download or read book Migration And The Labor Market In Developing Countries written by R. H. Sabot and published by Westview Press. This book was released on 1982-02-21 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference papers on economic research methodology regarding the determinants and functions of migration in labour markets of developing countries - includes internal migration, rural migration, sectoral labour mobility and return migration; discusses cost benefit analysis, economic modelling, hypothesis testing, etc.; indicates a need for microeconomics applied research in wage determination processes and their association with labour market segmentation and unemployment. Bibliographys and graphs. Conference held in Washington 1976 Feb.
Download or read book Labor and Migration written by Mahreen Khan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating suitable employment opportunities while ensuring safe working conditions is one of the most significant challenges facing labor markets of emerging economies in the Global South. Workers in these countries are amongst the most vulnerable and at-risk populations, whether they choose to remain and work in their countries of origin or migrate to other destinations. My dissertation focuses on studying labor markets characteristics in the context of two contemporary phenomena confronting populous, low-income countries, namely, large scale labor migration and employment relations in global supply chains. In the first chapter, I estimate the local labor market and socio-economic spillover effects of large-scale migration from Bangladesh on non-migrant households living in migrant-prone regions. My results show a significant, positive but relatively small impact on hours worked and household income with limited effects on other socio-economic outcomes. In the next chapter, I address the health and economic risk exposure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for low and middle-income countries as a result of their exposure to migration. We find that exposure to migration is a strong predictor for spatial variation of the effects of COVID-19. Finally, in my third essay, I study the effectiveness of worker-management committees to meaningfully engage worker voice that can help to address non-compliance with health, safety, and labor issues in factories that engage in low-wage, manufacturing factory work. I find that worker-management committees with union representation and fair electoral processes have a positive, significant effect on addressing such compliance issues. However, the effectiveness of these structures are limited by the broader institutional context of the states in which they operate. My research deepens our understanding of the challenge s facing labor markets in developing countries with important implications for future policy measures in these contexts.
Download or read book Labor Markets Migration and Mobility written by William Cochrane and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-03-04 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to three key themes central to studies in regional science: the sub-national labor market, migration, and mobility, and their analysis. The book brings together essays that cover a wide range of topics including the development of uncertainty in national and subnational population projections; the impacts of widening and deepening human capital; the relationship between migration, neighborhood change, and area-based urban policy; the facilitating role played by outmigration and remittances in economic transition; and the contrasting importance of quality of life and quality of business for domestic and international migrants. All of the contributions here are by leading figures in their fields and employ state-of-the art methodologies. Given the variety of topics and themes covered this book, it will appeal to a broad range of readers interested in both regional science and related disciplines such as demography, population economics, and public policy.
Download or read book How Immigrants Contribute to Developing Countries Economies written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Immigrants Contribute to Developing Countries' Economies is the result of a project carried out by the OECD Development Centre and the International Labour Organization, with support from the European Union. The report covers the ten project partner countries.
Download or read book Unfair Advantage written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Jobs and Effects of Migrant Workers in Italy written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essays on Land Expropriation and Migration in East and Southeast Asia written by Hannah L. Randolph and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization and migration are widespread phenomena in developing countries. While urbanization creates gains for many, the process of urban expansion also adversely affects rural or peri-urban households that lose land or are displaced by land expropriation. Similarly, the absence of migrants creates deficits in left-behind children that are offset by remittances, but the process of decision-making about the use of remittances is not well-understood. This dissertation estimates the welfare effects of land expropriation on rural Chinese households, explores Chinese household responses to expropriation, and examines the dynamics of household decision-making over the use of remittances in Indonesia. The first essay addresses the welfare effects of land expropriation in China and household responses to being expropriated. Over the past twenty years, the Chinese government has pushed to expand cities and develop peri-urban areas. As part of this effort, the government has expropriated an average of 1,600 km2 annually. The impact of this urban development strategy on the welfare of expropriated households is not well-established. I estimate the causal relationship between expropriation and livelihood choice, earned income, and other welfare outcomes, relying on panel data to observe how outcomes change in response to an expropriation event. Controlling for baseline outcomes, I find that expropriation reduces agricultural activities but does not increase other employment or income generation, thus threatening household food security. In certain cases, government compensation offsets these effects. I also find suggestive evidence that temporarily sending a migrant worker may be an effective response to expropriation, while relocation is generally not. These findings suggest concrete policies the government can undertake to lessen the negative welfare impacts of urban development on expropriated households: higher compensation, development of non-agricultural labor markets, food assistance, and loans for temporary migration. The second essay explores the process of household decision-making about remittances in the context of Indonesian sending households. The new economics of labor migration literature emphasizes strategic motives for remitting money, but little is known about how migrants influence household decision-making, or how that influence affects younger household members. Migrants may use this influence to induce greater inputs into child quality through bargaining, or affect younger members' behavior through role model or psychological health effects; this influence is expected to affect school enrollment, performance, and labor force participation of younger household members. This paper estimates the extent to which communication between migrants and households affects the probability that household members 10-22 are in the labor force. Using instrumental variable analysis of cross-sectional household survey data from Indonesia, I find evidence that greater communication between migrants and households reduces the probability that members 10-22 work by 33-35 percentage points. I also find evidence to suggest that characteristics of the household member that makes decisions about remittances play an important role. My findings are inconsistent with a bargaining framework, but may be explained by role model or psychological health effects. These results support the idea that migrant exert influence over the use of remittances, and suggest some important avenues for further research into the dynamics of sending household decision-making.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
Download or read book Migration and Poverty written by Edmundo Murrugarra and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-11-24 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume uses recent research from the World Bank to document and analyze the bidirectional relationship between poverty and migration in developing countries. The case studies chapters compiled in this book (from Tanzania, Nepal, Albania and Nicaragua), as well as the last, policy-oriented chapter illustrate the diversity of migration experience and tackle the complicated nexus between migration and poverty reduction. Two main messages emerge: Although evidence indicates that migration reduces poverty, it also shows that migration opportunities of the poor differ from that of the rest. In general, the evidence suggests that the poor either migrate less or migrate to low return destinations. As a consequence, many developing countries are not maximizing the poverty-reducing potential of migration. The main reason behind this outcome is difficulties in access to remunerative migration opportunities and the high costs associated with migrating. It is shown, for example, that reducing migration costs makes migration more pro-poor. The volume shows that developing countries governments are not without means to improve this situation. Several of the country examples offer a few policy recommendations towards this end.
Download or read book South south Migration and Remittances written by Dilip Ratha and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "South-South Migration and Remittances" reports on preliminary results from an ongoing effort to improve data on bilateral migration stocks. It sets out some working hypotheses on the determinants and socioeconomic implications of South-South migration. Contrary to popular perception that migration is mostly a South-North phenomenon, South-South migration is large. Available data from national censuses suggest that nearly half of the migrants from developing countries reside in other developing countries. Almost 80 percent of South-South migration takes place between countries with contiguous borders. Estimates of South-South remittances range from 9 to 30 percent of developing countries' remittance receipts in 2005. Although the impact of South-South migration on the income of migrants and natives is smaller than for South-North migration, small increases in income can have substantial welfare implications for the poor. The costs of South-South remittances are even higher than those of North-South remittances. These findings suggest that policymakers should pay attention to the complex challenges that developing countries face not only as countries of origin, but also as countries of destination.
Download or read book ISSUES RELATED TO WOMEN ESSAYS IN ECONOMETRICS AND STATISTICS written by Ebru Çağlayan Akay - Merve Ertok Onurlu and published by HOLISTENCE PUBLICATIONS. This book was released on 2023-03-21 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the world, many women are at risk of being exposed to economic, physical, sexual, psychological, and emotional violence, or even intentional homicide. They might also be exposed to discrimination based on their socio-demographic characteristics, such as their ethnic background, religion, and educational level. The purpose of this book is to bring together academics and researchers working in the fields of applied econometrics and applied statistics as they pertain to women’s issues. The twelve-chapter book includes insights on present econometric and statistical methodologies on women’s issues, as well as a better understanding and evaluation of contemporary policy implications, initiatives, and procedures pertaining to women.
Download or read book Sociological Abstracts written by Leo P. Chall and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The World in Motion written by Lauren B. Engle and published by International Organization for Migration (IOM). This book was released on 2004 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at migration through the experience of women. It maps out a set of preliminary but common understandings on issues of importance to migrant women, and illustrates the experience of women across several key themes: labour migration, migrant remittances, trafficking, immigration and identification - all of which are key areas of migration studies. It also covers issues such as rape and female circumcision, key issues of importance to the integration of both forced migrants and of women who migrate into new cultural norms.
