Download or read book Essays in Education and Health Economics written by Michael Bahrs and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Education and Health Economics written by Mingjia Xie and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Education and Health Economics written by Ilka Gerhardts and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Koninklijke onderofficiers schermbond written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education and Health written by Jonathan James and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 examines peer effects in the take up of welfare within a school setting- free school meals. Data from the Pupil Level Annual School Census, which collects information on every child attending a school in the UK, is used, defining the peer group using the child's ethnicity and language. Hypotheses about the nature of the peer effect are tested. I exploit the introduction of cashless catering systems which removes stigma. Secondly, by comparing the peer effect for those who have claimed in previous years with those who have not, information is tested. Finally, I test a role model hypothesis. All three have an impact and information is most important for the most deprived. Chapter 2 examines the casual effect of education on teen births and child health. The increase in school leaving age to 15 and 16 increased the years of completed schooling; however, there was no effect of the introduction of new examinations. The compulsory schooling law change to 16 did increase the probability of holding a qualification and reduced the probability of a teen birth. Furthermore, the impact of the increase to 16 also - lead to improvements in birth outcomes, this was primarily driven by the mother having a more educated partner and a reduction in poverty. Other measures of child health are mixed and mostly did not improve. Chapter 3 (with Michele Belot, published in Journal of Health Economics (2011)) pro- vides field evidence on the effect of diet on educational outcomes, exploiting a campaign lead by celebrity chef J amie Oliver in 2004, which introduced drastic changes in the meals offered in the schools of one Borough - Greenwich - shifting from low-budget processed meals towards healthier options. We evaluate the effect of the campaign on educational outcomes using a difference in differences approach; using the neighbouring Local Edu- cation Authorities as a control group. We find evidence that educational outcomes did improve and that authorised absences - which are most likely linked to illness and health - fell by 14%.

Download or read book Essays in Education and Health Economics written by Cristina Adelaida Bellés Obrero and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three chapters that investigate students' and teachers' incentive programs, and the intergenerational infant health consequences of a labor market policy. In the first chapter, I perform a randomized control trial at a distance learning university to compare three different monetary incentive schemes varying students' performance target in the same educational environment. I show that the performance target implemented interacts with some of the characteristics of the students incentivized, such as intrinsic motivation and experience with the incentivized task. Moreover, a novel finding of this study is that incentives foster students' strategic behavior that is triggered by the way performance is measured. In the second chapter, I examine how tying teachers' pay to students' performance affects the latter's achievements. I show that a nationwide program implemented in Peru giving monetary rewards to teachers conditional on their students' performance, has a precisely estimated zero impact on students' grades. Finally, in the third chapter I investigate the effect of a child labor regulation that increased the minimum legal age to work from 14 to 16 years old, on fertility and infant health outcomes. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, I find that the reform increased educational attainment, and decreased marriage and fertility. Interestingly, I show that the reform was detrimental for the health of the offspring at the moment of delivery.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education Labor and Health written by Jessica Nicole Monnet and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Health Economics written by Mojisola O. A. Tayo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays examining topics in health economics. The first essay examines the impact of education on 10-year mortality rates of minorities in the United States. I use the states' compulsory education laws to instrument the level of education in my cohort study of the effect of education on the mortality rates of minority groups (Blacks, Asians and Hispanics) born in the early twentieth century. I find that an increase in years of education significantly decreases the mortality rates for the White and Black populations, but not for the Asian and Hispanic populations. The second essay explores the effect of education on adult self-reported health (SRH), health behaviors (smoking, seatbelt use, and exercise), and health outcomes (body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and heart attack) by race and ethnicity using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data from 2001-2011. I find racial and ethnic disparities in the education gradient on SRH that remain significant after controlling for income and other economic factors. I explore the pathway through which education influences health using three different econometric methods to estimate a causal effect. I find that education directly affects health behaviors and that health behaviors directly affect health outcomes including SRH, leading to an indirect impact of education on SRH. My third essay is written in collaboration with my adviser, Dr. Virginia Wilcox-Gok. We use the National Comorbidity Survey Baseline (NCS-1) dataset from 1990-1992 and O*NET (Occupational Information Network) to explore whether individuals diagnosed with depression before age 22 self-select as adults into occupations that accommodate their depressive disorders. Depressive disorder is a health problem that can start very early on in life, so it often limits educational attainment and adult earning. It is also a disorder that can be helped if diagnosed early. Because individuals with chronic depression may need more flexibility and less stress in the workplace to cope with their disorder, their adult occupational choice may depend on how accommodating the occupation's characteristics are to this disorder. We find that women with early-onset depressive disorder are more likely to be employed full time than men, while both men and women are likely to choose self-employment. Men with more frequent depressive episodes are less likely than women to choose occupations requiring higher levels of education, experience, and training. In contrast, women with early onset depressive disorder are more likely than men to take jobs in the service sector.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education and Health written by Joshua A. Price and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three distinct chapters. Each chapter utilizes a different type of data set and implements a different method to identify causal relationships regarding current issues in the economics of education and health. The first chapter analyzes persistence of minority and female students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) majors in college. I utilize student-course level data for all students attending public four-year universities to determine whether having an instructor of the same race or same gender affects persistence of black and female students within STEM fields. I implement an instrumental variable strategy to control for self selection into courses. Results indicate that black students who have an introductory STEM course taught by a black instructor are significantly more likely to persist in a STEM field after the first year. However, female students are less likely to persist when their introductory STEM courses are taught by female instructors. The second chapter (co-authored with Dr.John Cawley at Cornell University) is an evaluation of a program which offers financial incentives for weight loss. We analyze data from a company which provides a year-long health promotion program that offered financial rewards for weight loss. The types of incentive program varies by employer, with some offering steady payments for weight loss and others requiring participants to post a bond that is refundable based on achievement of weight loss goals. Comparing outcomes across groups, we find modest weight loss for participants after one year. The third chapter analyzes NCAA's Proposition 16 which changed the admission requirements for freshmen student-athletes at Division I colleges. Using institutional level data, I examine how requiring higher SAT scores and high school GPA for eligibility standards affects enrollment and graduation rates for Division I colleges. I implement a difference-in-differences approach using Division II schools and non-student-athletes as the comparison groups. The results indicate that after Proposition 16, Division I schools recruited fewer black freshmen student-athletes when compared with Division II schools. Additionally, I find that higher admission standards did not increase graduation rates at Division I schools.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Health and Education in Developing Countries written by Eugenie Windkouni Haoua Maîga and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Education and Health Disparities written by Min Jang (Ph. D in economics) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Development and Health Economics Social Media and Education Policy written by Qin Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays on development economics and health economics. The first chapter examines the impact of social media usage on depressive symptoms in the United States. The use of social media can potentially decrease the level of depressive symptoms by providing support or increase the level of depressive symptoms by putting social pressure on users. This chapter leverages a fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of using social media platforms on depressive symptoms. I find that using Twitter decreases the level of depressive symptoms by 27%. This result explains why social media usage in the US has grown steadily even though most studies found that more usage correlated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. There is heterogeneity with respect to age, income, education, race, previous level of depressive symptoms, and region. The average labor market benefit that comes from this effect is equivalent to 0.1% GDP in the US.In the second chapter, I examine the performances of different bias correction methods, such as matching and weighting methods, on improving the representativeness of social media data. I find that matching and weighting methods can effectively improve the representativeness of social media users in most cases examined. Matching methods with smaller number of neighbors or smaller radius produce smaller biases. Improving the representativeness of Twitter users is easier than improving the representativeness of Facebook users.The third chapter is a collaboration with Yinan Liu, in which we study the impact of the primary school starting age policy in China on both short-run and long-run outcomes. We examine the household characteristics of the right age group, early group, and late group based on the compliance. Starting school late is negatively associated with cognitive skills, test scores, highest education achieved and income. We also explore the potential explanations why a large proportion of households send children to primary school before they reach the eligible age in China.

Download or read book Three Essays in Health Economics written by Anna Choi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three essays in the field of health economics and health policy. The first essay studies the effects of legalizing medical use of marijuana on marijuana use and other risky health behaviors. I examine the restricted-use data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), which is a repeated cross sectional data set with state identifiers from 2004 to 2012. During this period, 9 states and Washington D.C. allowed patients with medical conditions to use marijuana. I estimate difference-in-differences (DID) models to examine the impacts of these policy changes on risky health behaviors. Allowing medical use of marijuana does not lead to higher marijuana use among the overall population and the youth. However, I find that medical marijuana laws (MMLs) are positively and significantly associated with marijuana use among males and heavy pain reliever users. The second essay is a joint work with John Cawley and tests a novel hypothesis: that these health disparities across education are to some extent due to differences in reporting error across education. We use data from the pooled National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Continuous for 1999-2012, which include both self-reports and objective verification for an extensive set of health behaviors and conditions, including smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. We find that better educated individuals report their health behaviors more accurately. This is true for a wide range of behaviors and conditions, even socially stigmatized ones like smoking and obesity. We show that the differential reporting error across education leads to underestimates of the true health disparities across education that average 19.3%. The third essay is a joint work with Rachel Dunifon and studies how state regulations related to the quality of child care centers-such as teachers' education and degree requirements, staff to child ratios, maximum group size, and unannounced inspection compliance requirement-are predictive of children's health, developmental and cognitive outcomes. State level policies that are related to improving the productivity of child care center teachers by having a higher staff to child ratios and advanced schooling requirement are predictive of child's weight related outcomes and cognitive outcomes.

Download or read book Three Essays on Health Economics written by Archita Banik and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Education and Health written by Jessica Lee Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) We find no evidence that cost-sharing reduces wastage on those that will not use the good: women who received free nets are not less likely to use them than those who paid subsidized positive prices. Cost-sharing does, however, considerably dampen demand. We find that uptake drops by 75 percent when the price of ITNs increases from zero to 75 cents, the price at which ITNs are currently socialmarketed. When the price is between 15 and 30 cents, we observe that pregnant women who purchase an ITN are, on average, in poorer health than those who receive a free ITN. However, in absolute terms, the number of sick women getting access to an ITN at these prices is roughly the same as under free distribution, and the number of sick women getting access to an ITN at the current cost-sharing price is at least 47 percent lower than under free distribution. We use these estimates in a cost-effectiveness analysis of ITN prices on infant mortality that incorporates both private and social returns of ITN usage. Overall, given the large positive externality associated with widespread usage of insecticide-treated nets, our results suggest that free distribution is both more effective and more cost-effective than cost-sharing.

Download or read book Empirical Essays on Education and Health Policy Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Economics of Education and Health Policy written by Bo Wang (Ph. D. in consumer sciences) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preliminary results show that NRPS significantly increased self-reported health status, and the improvement in health condition stems mostly from reducing symptoms caused by minor illness but not from reducing symptoms caused by critical diseases. This study confirms with findings of previous studies that additional pension benefit has a positive effect on health outcomes for the elderly. Moreover, it provides policy implications for the ongoing pension reform in China. The chapter three explores the role of peers from the same country of origin on post-graduation location choices. Doctoral recipients are the main source of international high-skilled labor supply in the U.S. In order to retain high-skilled workers, policy makers need a better understanding about their incentives to choose their long-term career locations after graduation. Unlike prior literature which mainly focused on the impact of demographic characteristics as well as macroeconomic conditions on doctoral students’ career location choices, this project tries to provide a different perspective, shifting the focus from socioeconomic characteristics to the role of PhD research environment. Using the Survey of Earned Doctorates from 1991 to 2018, I implement both linear-in-means model and spatial autoregressive model to answer the question of whether intent-to-stay in the U.S. decisions of peer cohorts from the same country of origin could influence a doctoral student’s own choice for the foreign-born doctoral recipient population. I find strong evidence that doctoral recipient’s own location choice is significantly affected by her peer cohorts from the same country of origin. It suggests that interaction between peers of the same country of origin in PhD programs creates an important information channel through which the post-graduation outcomes could be strongly affected. The findings also suggest that professional job market guidance is needed in order to provide a correct information channel through which PhDs can make better post-graduation decisions.