Download or read book Essays on Economic Integration and Inequality written by Mingzhi Xu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic activities worldwide are becoming increasingly integrated, in terms of freely traded consumption, globalized production as well as information sharing alike. The tightened linkages are thought to improve resource allocation, promote technology transfer and enhance living standard, while the challenge for policymakers is to ensure that these benefits are sufficiently widely shared. It highlights the importance of understanding how economic integration affects labor. My dissertation focuses on the how integration shapes the organization of production and the effects on the well-being. The first chapter focuses the impacts of integration by removing information transmission barrier on the diffusion of economic activities as well as its welfare and inequality consequence. The paper studies the aggregate and distributional impacts of high-speed railways (HSR) in an economy with internal trade and migration costs. I make two contributions to the understanding of the impacts of large transportation infrastructure projects. Firstly, taking advantage of the rapid expansion as plausible exogenous shocks that improves firm-to-firm matching efficiency across regions over time, I identify the causal relationship between HSR connection and exporting performance in case of China. We find the connection to HSR significantly promotes a region's exports. Besides the direct impact, I also find the positive spillovers of HSR, and such effect is stronger in areas closer to HSR hubs. Our second contribution is to shed light on the mechanisms at work by relating the HSR-driven regional outsourcing to the HSR-driven increases in welfare and inequality. To do so, I construct and calibrate a quantitative spatial equilibrium model with producer-supplier linkage, taking care of trade, migration, and outsourcing in a unified framework to examine the general equilibrium effects of the HSR and to perform counterfactuals. Chapter 2 studies the role of international trade for household income polarization, the phenomenon in which the size of high- and low-income groups increases but mid-income group declines. I propose a new channel that emphasizes the supply change of skills in rationalizing the phenomenon. We build a simple theory of trade featuring endogenous choices on occupation and firm productivity. In the model, individuals choose to become low-skilled, high-skilled workers, or entrepreneurs based on their innate abilities. Entrepreneurs improve the firm efficiency by investing in the managerial effort. I show that while the households with high human capital optimally respond to export opportunity by moving up the income distribution, other households with median level human capital self-select downward the income distribution, the long run consequence of which may be the polarization in labor market. An empirical test of the model reveals that Chinese regions facing more export exposure exhibit stronger pattern of labor market polarization. While my first two research focus on the welfare changes within-country in case of the largest developing country in the world, China, my third part of dissertation compares a country's living standard in an international framework. Chapter 3, a joint work with my advisor Robert Feenstra and Alexis Antoniades, compares the cost of living for cities in China and in the United States using barcode data, as a complement to the International Comparisons Program (ICP) supervised by the World Bank. We find that, in both countries, there is a greater variety of products in larger cities. But in China, unlike the United States, the prices of products tend to be lower in larger cities. We attribute the lower prices to a pro-competitive effect, whereby larger cities attract more brands and retailers which leads to lower markups and prices. Combining the effect of greater variety and lower prices, it follows that the cost-of-living for grocery-store products in China is lower in larger cities. We further compare the cost-of-living indexes for particular product categories between China and the United States. In product categories with a significant presence of U.S. brands in the Chinese market, the availability of additional Chinese brands leads to greater variety than in the United States, and therefore lower Chinese price indexes for that reason. In product categories with much less presence of U.S. brands in the Chinese market, however, the observed prices differences between the countries (usually lower prices in China) are partially or fully offset by the variety differences (less variety in China), so that the cost of living in China is not as low as the price differences suggest, especially in smaller cities.

Download or read book Essays on economic integration written by and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Development written by Paula Luciana Méndez Errico and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this dissertation is to study some of the mechanisms suggested by the economic literature as factors that could prevent individuals from attaining certain domains of well-being. This thesis is divided in three independent essays providing new evidence on three issues within the field of economic development: the effect of social networks on immigrants' labor market outcomes (first essay), the long-lasting impact of income inequality on entrepreneurial success and job creation (second essay), and the importance of multiple abilities, parental educational background and race in explaining educational gaps (third essay). I explain the goal and findings of these three essays next. The first essay "The impact of social networks on immigrants' employment prospects: the Spanish case 1997-2007" analyzes the factors that could affect immigrants' integration in the host country. Specifically, I study the extent to which social networks affect job match and wages for immigrants in Spain. By focusing on social networks impact on labor market outcomes, I contribute to the empirical literature by addressing a less explored channel through which immigrants' social and economic integration could be affected. The findings suggest that social networks are likely to help immigrants to find a job in the short-run, but may limit opportunities to fully integrate in the longer term. These results shed light on the importance of social networks preventing immigrants' integration, as well as help to orientate the design of integration policies for immigrants living in Spain. The second essay "The Long-Term Effect of Inequality on Entrepreneurship and Job Creation" studies the extent to which initial conditions understood as income inequality in 1700s and 1800s, and credit market institutions, can condition entrepreneurship and job creation to flourish over time. This essay adds to the literature on the long-lasting effects of income inequality on economic development by empirically testing the predictions of the model by Banerjee and Newman (1993). This model predicts that countries with initially low income inequality would grow over time aided by a strong entrepreneurial sector. A contrasting equilibrium could be reached if a country starts with a high ratio of poor to wealthy people. In this case development runs out of steam. The findings of this essay give empirical support to the predictions of the model, showing that historical income inequality and current credit market imperfections prevent firms to be created and surviving over time, at the time that affect job creation over time. To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first one that tests the long-term effects of inequality on occupational choice. The third essay, entitled "Schooling progression in Uruguay: why some children are left behind?" studies the impact of parental traits on children's educational attainment in Uruguay. Specifically, I analyze whether long-term parental background, crystallized by parental educational background, race, cognitive and non-cognitive abilities, and short-term family income measured by the opportunity cost of education, affect child' schooling progression, and at what stage of the educational path they take on their importance. The results show that parental educational background, cognitive and non-cognitive abilities have effects of diverse magnitude across stages of the educational path. Long-term parental background has increasing effect over the children's schooling progression in comparison to short-term parental income as it decreases its significance when students progress to higher schooling stages. Specifically, cognitive ability has increasing effects on the students' likelihood of dropping out across the educational path. Motivation and risky behavior measuring non-cognitive ability also influence children's schooling completion at early stages of education.

Download or read book Inequality and Economic Integration written by Francesco Farina and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally, globalization and increased economic integration has impacted quality of life and individual well-being. Attempts to evaluate the impact on income dispersion from this process have been extremely controversial. This key volume is the first real attempt to build up indices and a theoretical framework in order to deal with inequality of opportunity, and to enable social and political institutions to monitor increasing disparities in well-being and social exclusion. It thoroughly examines the possible relationships between the recent acceleration in economic integration and inequality among persons and countries and will enable social and political institutions to monitor increasing disparities in well-being and social exclusion. The contributions to this volume cover various subfields of economics, and examine both the negative and positive spillover effects of economic integration on individuals, social groups and nations. Since the impact of globalization on the most deprived people is multidimensional in nature, the theoretical framework is extended to a multivariate context where several individual characteristics are simultaneously considered. This original volume covers many important topics and features an impressive array of respected contributors. As such, it is sure to be an invaluable resource for postgraduates and professionals in the fields of political economy and economics.

Download or read book Essays on Inequality and Integration written by Axel Franzen and published by . This book was released on 2016-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Deprivation Inequality and Polarization written by Indraneel Dasgupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of original, state-of-the-art essays addressing various aspects of the economic analysis of inequality, deprivation, poverty measurement and social polarization, at both the theoretical and empirical level. Written by leading authorities in the fields of distributional analysis and normative economics, the respective chapters present detailed overviews of cutting-edge literature, as well as stand-alone research. Compiled as a tribute to Satya Ranjan Chakravarty’s lifetime contributions in the fields of normative economics and distributional analysis, it represents an indispensable resource for researchers, policymakers and doctoral students working on issues pertaining to income/wealth distribution, social inclusion and poverty reduction.

Download or read book Essays on Economic Integration written by Geoffrey S. Chapman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Economic Inequality written by Andrew Silva and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Integration written by Juyoung Cheong and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays on Economic Inequality written by Ingvild Almås and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Reforms Growth and Inequality in Latin America written by Gustavo Indart and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 2004. Growth, income distribution, and labour markets are issues of pivotal importance in the Latin American context. Examining unique theoretical issues and the empirical evidence, this book provides a critical analysis of the key elements of income distribution determinants, labour market functions, trade policies, and their interrelations. As the advance of globalization becomes seemingly unstoppable, this book provides an important reappraisal of the impact of this new phenomenon, and in particular, the pernicious impact it may have on income growth and distribution. The key objective of the volume is to integrate more fully the analysis of trade and labour market economists, in order to better understand the labour market and income distribution implications of globalization and international integration. Forty years after the early calls to appropriately investigate the micro foundations of macroeconomics, the separation of the two at the policy level is more damaging than ever before - particularly for developing regions; this volume therefore makes an important contribution at the theoretical and policy levels by bringing together macroeconomic and microeconomic analyses.

Download or read book Three Essays in Economic Inequality written by Jang Youn Lee and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reflections on Progress written by Kemal Dervis and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2016-08-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now, more than ever, the world needs growth-oriented and socially inclusive policymaking. Is the world giving up on the promise of ever-greater prosperity for all, on functioning democratic institutions, and on long-term peace? Is the special set of circumstances that led to the recent rapid growth in emerging markets unlikely to be present in the future? Will the second decade of the twenty first century end with “secular stagnation”? Does the rise of authoritarianism, populism, and fanatic nihilism—all experienced over the last few years—threaten to unravel what has been built painstakingly since the catastrophe of World War II? Kemal Dervis addresses these and similar questions in this thought-provoking series of essays written for Project Syndicate from 2011 to 2015. The essays are organized in three sections: global economic interdependence, inequality and the political economy of reform, and the specific challenge of Europe. The common theme is the need for growth-oriented and socially inclusive policymaking in an interdependent world. These kinds of policies offer the potential for another wave of unprecedented human progress aided by breathtaking new technologies. However, a huge and destabilizing disruption is possible if policymaking is not globally cooperative and is not focused on inclusion and greater equity. These essays synthesize the experience and analysis of a scholar and policymaker with national, regional, and international experience at the highest levels. Dervis exhibits a passion for combining strongly held values with political feasibility.

Download or read book Essays on Consequences of Economic Integration written by Pandej Chintrakarn and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic integration is a term used to describe how different aspects between economies are integrated. As economic integration increases, the barriers of trade between markets diminishes. The most integrated economy today, between independent nations, is the European Union and its euro zone. This dissertation consists of three essays which examine consequences of economic integration.

Download or read book Essays on International Economic Intergration written by Marta Noguer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Two essays on the correlation between economic growth and income inequality written by Liang Shao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Economic Integration written by Miriam Manchin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: