Download or read book Essays in the Economics of Immigration and Language in Canada written by Ibrahim Bousmah and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three essays on the economics of immigration and language in Canada. The first essay, entitled "Linguistic Distance, Languages of Work and Wages of Immigrants in Montreal", explores whether the distance between an immigrant's mother tongue and a Canadian official language (English or French), evaluated with the use of the Levenshtein distance measure, has an impact on his/her economic integration into the labour market. Using microdata from the master files of the 2001 and 2006 Canadian censuses and from the 2011 National Household Survey, I investigate the relationship between linguistic distance and the intensity of use of English and French at work in the Montreal metropolitan area. That region is characterized by the presence of sizeable French and English-speaking communities, as well as by a large number of immigrants from a wide variety of linguistic backgrounds. Those elements of linguistic diversity interact in the context of English being the international lingua franca. I find that linguistic distances between immigrants' mother tongues and English and French have an important impact on the relative intensities of use of the two Canadian official languages at work. I further investigate the role of the languages used at work on the earnings of immigrants by estimating earnings functions. I find that the use of both French and English are remunerated in the labour market, but that using English at work has a larger impact on earnings. The second essay, entitled "Labour Shortages and Immigration: The Case of the Agriculture Sector", examines the role played by immigration in filling labour shortages in rural areas. Reliable access to labour is an ongoing key concern for many employers, in particular for those in regions. As an attempt to help mitigate the effects of labour shortage on the labour market, immigration has always been deployed as a key strategy, but most immigrants are concentrated in large cities. Immigration programs that try to modify the regional distribution of immigrants by attracting and retaining immigrants to rural areas all have in common that they try to fill labour shortages in those regions. A sector that represents an interesting case in point, in the dual context of attracting and retaining immigrants in rural areas and in filling a labour shortage, is the agriculture sector. I use a novel longitudinal micro-database for the years 2001-2013 from the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamic Database (CEEDD) to identify the factors that have an impact on the recruitment and retention of Canadian and immigrant workers in this sector. In particular, in response to the efforts to explore permanent residence pathways, whether or not former temporary foreign workers (TFW) with Canadian experience are most likely to stay in the sector after entering remains a key question for policy makers that I investigate. The third essay, "Immigrant Assimilation in a Multicultural and Multilingual Context", expands on the work of the first essay by looking at languages used at home. I investigate whether linguistic distance between an immigrant's mother tongue and a Canadian official language (English or French) has an impact on his/her assimilation to the host country's official languages. Using microdata drawn from the master files of the 2001, 2006 and 2016 Canadian censuses and the 2011 National Household Survey, I investigate the relationship between linguistic distance and the intensity of use of English and French at home for immigrants in the Montreal metropolitan area. I find that linguistic distances between immigrants' mother tongues and English and French have an important impact on the relative intensities of use of the two Canadian official languages at home. I further investigate the role of spousal characteristics and other variables on the assimilation of immigrants. The results suggest that the home environment is an important factor contributing to the linguistic assimilation of immigrants. Individuals exposed to an official language at home with their spouse have significantly higher rates of assimilation.

Download or read book Canadian Immigration written by James Ted McDonald and published by McGill Queens University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social issues regarding immigration are at the forefront of the Canadian policy agenda. Given the marked decline in immigrants' labour market outcomes over the past few decades and the important changes in the policy environment, expanding the evidence base for new immigration and integration policy is crucial. This volume of essays extends and updates our understanding of economic and closely related social factors regarding immigration. Each chapter is an empirical investigation, with topics addressing labour market integration, including ethnic and gender aspects; immigrant economic returns to schooling; employment and self-employment; the skilled worker program; temporary foreign workers; housing; an international comparison of immigrant children's success in school; fertility; and health. "What makes this book special is that it focuses on research that can be used to inform policy, drawing on the latest research using Canadian data by a group of top-notch economists from Canada and around the world. The result is a great collection of papers that brings state-of-the-art empirical techniques and the latest data together to shed light on the most important policy challenges related to immigration." Krishna Pendakur, Professor of Economics, Simon Fraser University, and Co-Director, Metropolis British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Diversity "Canadian Immigration is an eye opener for US policy-makers and scholars of US immigration. Its relevance to US immigration policy debates is clear, both because of the similarity of the challenges facing Canadian and American immigration policy-makers and because of the authors' adept use of U.S.-Canadian comparisons to highlight policy effects. Moreover, it extends an analytical eye to areas of immigrant integration vital to ongoing immigration debates, yet rarely the focus of scholarly attention." Harriet O. Duleep, Professor, School of Public Policy, William and Mary College

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Immigration and Education written by Karmen Suen and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first chapter of this thesis, the 1995 TIMSS eighth-grade mathematics score is used to proxy for home country education quality for U.S. immigrants. On average, a one standard deviation increase in TIMSS magnifies the marginal returns to post-migrational education by 0.83 percentage points. This pre-migrational education quality effect remains positive and significant for individuals at the 25th percentile of the conditional wage distribution. In addition, diminishing returns to post-migrational years of schooling is observed at all wage quantiles, but evidence is mixed in regards to pre-migrational years of education. Using the 2000 Census, the second paper finds that, compared to another immigrant holding a job that requires less human-interaction, an immigrant worker who possesses knowledge in speaking a non-English language and who works in a human-interaction-intensive occupation would enjoy an average wage benefit of 4.47%. For an immigrant, other immigrants from a different home country are perceived as complements, while those from the same country of origin would be substitutes. Moreover, a one standard deviation increase in bilateral trade volume between the United States and the immigrant's country of origin is predicted to enhance the immigrant's returns to working in the Wholesale Trade industry by 3.36% on average, a pattern that is very different for immigrants whose country of origin uses English as an official language. A positive relationship between parental involvement in reading-related activities before the student began schooling and the student's 2001 PIRLS test score is found in the third chapter. On average, having a parent who played alphabet toys, played word games, and read signs and labels out loud during the student's preschool years is predicted to carry an effect size of 0.2, holding other attributes constant. However, the effect of watching reading programs on television on this test score seems negative. Under a quantile regression framework, the effect of these parental inputs continues to be observed for students belonging to the 25th quantile of the conditional score distribution. Lastly, these academic variables are predicted to not affect an immigrant student's PIRLS score, although small sample size may be an issue.

Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Immigration and Birthplace Diversity written by Johann-Daniel Harnoss and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis deals with the economic analysis of population diversity, specifically diversity in terms of people's countries of origin. We propose an index of birth-place diversity for the work force of 195 countries in the years 1990 and 2000. We show that birthplace diversity is a new dimension of population diversity that is conceptually and empirically distinct from ethno-linguistic and genetic measures of diversity and, unlike these, is positively correlated with long-run economic output. This effect is larger for skilled immigrants in richer countries and robust in a SLS setting. We also find the productive effect of diversity to be larger for immigrants who are culturally close (but not too close) to natives and those who come from richer origin countries. We also investigate the link between birthplace diversity and attitudes to immigration. Using the World Values Survey with data for 72 countries, we find that skilled natives increase their support for immigration when diversity of skilled immigrants is high. results are robust to using the European Social Survey and also persist in a SLS model. We also find evidence for negative preference effects of immigrant diversity for more ethnocentric individuals. Lastly, we analyze the link between birthplace diversity and attitudes to redistribution in Europe. Using data for 29 European countries, we find that native workers tend to lower their support for redistribution of income when immigration is high. In addition, this effect varies along the skill distribution of natives, converges towards zero for highly educated individuals and is robust to using more detailed measures of labor market skill.

Download or read book Essays on Immigration and Economic Policy written by Mesbah F. Sharaf and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Immigration and the Postwar Canadian Economy written by Alan G. Green and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph on a labour market economic analysis of trends in immigration to Canada for the period from 1946 to 1970 - comments on postwar legislation and migration policy, presents a disequilibrium econometric model to find short term and long term economic conditions stimulating migration, geographic distribution of immigrants by country of origin, population structure, the changes in migrant worker labour supply and labour demand, brain drain, etc. Bibliography pp. 279 to 285, references and statistical tables.

Download or read book An Economic Sociology of Immigrant Life in Canada written by Abdolmohammad Kazemipur and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not long ago, the integration of immigrants in host societies was perceived mostly in terms of assimilation, an overly simplistic scenario, based on which immigrants would learn the language and culture of the native population, and the rest would just follow. However, the developments of the past two decades have shown just how complex this process can be. This new book shows the diverse experiences of various groups of immigrants. This book takes a fresh look at the experiences of immigrants to Canada. The contents of the book are based on over five years of research the author has carried out in Canada and elsewhere, using a variety of data sources, from quantitative census data through specially-designed survey information, to materials derived from qualitative research. The book is structured in such a way that it can be beneficial to a wide range of readers: those interested in in-depth examination of immigration issues, those leaning more towards narrative texts, and those looking only for general research trends and theoretical and policy implications. Literature; The Calm Before the Storm: Preparing to Migrate to Canada; Haves and Have-nots: Poverty Experiences of Immigrants; The New Kid in Town: Neighbourhood Poverty and Economic Performance; What You Know, and Who You Know: Human Capital, Social Capital, and Immigrant Life; Wrap-up and Implications; References; Index.

Download or read book Essays on the Political Economy of Immigration and of Language written by Gerardo Gomez-Ruano and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Immigration written by Tuan Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Language in the Labor Market the Immigrant Experience in Canada and the United States written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by Kingston, Ont. : Institute for Economic Research, Queen ́s University. This book was released on 1990 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Language Proficiency and Returns to Female Immigrants in Canada written by Idris Ademuyiwa and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Study from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Job market economics, University of Waterloo, course: Labour Economics, language: English, abstract: The literature on returns to immigrants has paid little attention to female immigrants despite continuous increases in female labor force participation and its peculiarities. Using the 2011 National Households Survey of Canada, this paper investigates the effect of language proficiency on returns to female immigrant groups in Canada and the effect across wage distributions. Our results show that returns to female immigrant groups increase with the level of language proficiency and that language penalizes immigrants at higher quantiles of wage distribution more. Also, we find that OLS estimates are biased and inconsistent where sample selection problems exist.

Download or read book The Complementarity of Language and Other Human Capital written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by Germany : IZA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economic Impact of Immigration written by James Michael Sharpe and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Immigration Language and Ethnicity written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by American Enterprise Institute Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic and Social Impacts of Immigration written by Neil Swan and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diminishing Returns written by C.D. Howe Institute and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Together with the United States and Australia, Canada is one of the great immigrant-receiving countries. However, Canada's immigration patterns have changed dramatically since 1967. This document takes a look at the economics of Canada's recent immigration policy. It presents studies written on the issue and focusing precisely on the following points: new issues, new evidence, and new immigration; a comparison of Canadian and US immigration policy in the 20th century; family reunification multipliers; asset demand of immigrant and Canadian-born households; the impact of immigrants on Canada's treasury, circa 1990; the British Columbia experience with immigrants and welfare dependency, 1989; Canadian immigrant earnings, 1971-86; labor market outcomes and the participation of immigrant women in Canadian transfer programs; immigration and trade; business immigration to Canada; immigration and unemployment; and, intended and actual occupations of immigrants.

Download or read book Immigrants in Regional Labour Markets of Host Nations written by Ather Akbari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to present a detailed analysis of economic integration of immigrants in smaller areas of their host nations. It uses Atlantic Canada as a case in point and uses unpublished data based on several databases of Statistics Canada and Citizenship and Immigration, Canada. It identifies best policy practices that can also be used in other countries to address demographic challenges similar to those facing Canada, for example population ageing and youth out-migration from smaller regions to larger regions, through immigration. Economic integration of immigrants in Atlantic Canada is faster and better than it is nationally. An overarching result is that an analysis of regional data can lead to very different policy conclusions than the analysis of national data, which means that it can be risky to devise immigration policy based only on national data. A clear message is that economic benefits from immigration can be enhanced by facilitating a broader geographic distribution of immigrants, rather than maintaining their concentration in a few larger urban regions. A must read for immigration and population policy makers, immigrant settlement agencies and academic researchers.