Download or read book Equality of Treatment and Trade Discrimination in International Law written by Khurshid Hyder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctor Hyder's meticulous and comprehensive study throws much needed light on the often invoked but little understood concept of "discrimination" in international law. It is also of great practical value to those who are concerned with the law of international trade. "Discrimination" is a word with bad connotations. It suggests un fairness, prejudice and favouritism. It seems to point to adeparture from the ideal of equal opportunities, equal rewards and even-handed legal protection of all human beings without regard to differences of race, religion, ethnic origin or sex. Similarly, in public international law "discrimination" suggests violation of the principle of equality of states. Yet there are vast areas of international relations in whieh states are regarded as being legally free, except as specially provided in treaties, to make distinctions between other states or their nationals. The principle of equality of states merely means that the many rules constituting what is often called "general (or universal) international law" apply equally to all independent states. Hence, by definition, such states have equal rights and duties under general international law. But the latter leaves vast areas of transnational activity to be regulated by states at their discretion either unilaterally or by special agreement with other states. No state has, in fact, exactly the same totality of rights and duties as other states, since no two states are parties to exactly the same treaties. By treaty, astate often grants to another state a right which it may withhold from third states.
Download or read book Equality of Treatment and Trade Discrimination in International Law written by Khurshid Hyder and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equality of treatment and trade discrimination in international law written by Khurshid H. Hasan and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equality of Treatment and Trade Discrimination in International Law written by Khurshid Hasan and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Interpretation of International Investment Law written by Todd Weiler and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Interpretation of International Investment Law: Equality, Discrimination and Minimum Standards of Treatment in Historical Context, author Todd Weiler demonstrates how historical analysis should be adopted in the interpretation of international investment law obligations. Weiler subjects some of the most commonly held beliefs about the nature and development of international investment law to a critical re-appraisal, based upon meticulously assembled historical record. In the process, the book provides readers with a fresh perspective on some of the oldest obligations in international law.
Download or read book Equality and Non Discrimination under International Law written by Stephanie Farrior and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 1003 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principles of equality and non-discrimination lie at the heart of international human rights law. They are the only human rights explicitly included in the UN Charter and they appear at the beginning of virtually every major human rights instrument. This volume contains selected works by leading authors on the subject of equality and non-discrimination under international law. The selections are grouped into four sections. The first presents essays that explore theoretical concepts of equality and non-discrimination. The next addresses the development of international legal standards on the subject. The third presents articles analyzing how those standards have been interpreted and applied by UN and regional human rights bodies, and the last contains works on what measures besides legal action States are to take to in order to achieve equality and non-discrimination.
Download or read book Equality of treatement and trade discrimination in international law written by Ḫūršid Haidar Hasan and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Principle of National Treatment in International Economic Law written by Anselm Kamperman Sanders and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principle of national treatment, or the non-discrimination clause, is a principle that applies across many fields of international economic law. This book offers a unique horizontal examination of the principle as it applies within international tr
Download or read book Non Discrimination and the Role of Regulatory Purpose in International Trade and Investment Law written by Andrew D. Mitchell and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12-30 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central to this book is an analysis of the obligation upon states to ensure non-discrimination in the form of adherence to the principles of national treatment and most-favoured nation treatment. These are critical principles for both international trade law and international investment law, yet the case-law in both fields reveals significant inconsistencies regarding key elements of non-discrimination. Tribunals have invoked ‘regulatory purpose’ to assist in identifying relevant discrimination, but have done so without offering a definition of regulatory purpose and in significantly differing ways. This book explains these inconsistencies and offers a new definition of regulatory purpose.
Download or read book Class Act written by Anne-Marie Mooney Cotter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even today, class discrimination remains an important global legal issue. This book allows readers a better understanding of the issue of class discrimination and inequality, including the role of education in bridging the class systems. The study seeks to increase the likelihood of achieving equality at both the national and international levels for those suffering class discrimination as the international population becomes increasingly educated, looking at the primary role of legislation, which has an impact on the court process. It also discusses the two most important trade agreements of our day - namely the North American Free Trade Agreement and the European Union Treaty - in a historical and compelling analysis of discrimination. By providing a detailed examination of the relationship between class and education as they relate to the law, the book will be an important read for those concerned with equality.
Download or read book Non Discrimination in International Law and Sovereign Equality of States written by Michail Risvas and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interpretation of non-discrimination clauses lies at the epicenter of the practice of international courts and tribunals. In today's world, an important part of the jurisprudence interpreting non-discriminatory standards, such as the national treatment standard and the most-favorable nation treatment, is in fact “economic.” The reason lies with the ever-expanding fields of international investment law and international trade law, that have brought about the creation of a large body of investor-state arbitration awards, WTO Panel Reports and WTO Appellate Body Reports, all interpreting and applying economic non-discriminatory standards. At the same time, the principle of Sovereign Equality of States, the cardinal organizational and constitutional principle of international relations is constantly the focus of legal and political debates in the international scene. Despite the prominence and prevalence of both concepts, little attention or no attention has been paid to the history of their interrelationship. The present article offers a detailed historical analysis of the relationship between the principles of non-discrimination and Sovereign Equality of States, which is instrumental in the better understanding of both concepts.
Download or read book Comparative Perspectives on the Enforcement and Effectiveness of Antidiscrimination Law written by Marie Mercat-Bruns and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-30 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on anti-discrimination law in order to identify commonalities and best practices across nations. Almost every nation in the world embraces the principle of equality and non-discrimination, in theory if not in practice. As the authors' expert contributions establish, the sources of the principle vary considerably, from international treaties to religious law, traditions and more. There are many approaches to methods of enforcement and other variables, but the principle is nearly universal. What does a comparison of the laws and approaches across different lands reveal? Readers may explore the enforcement and effectiveness of anti-discrimination law from 25 nations, across six continents. Esteemed authors examine national, regional and international systems looking for common and best practices, identifying innovative approaches to long-standing problems. The many ways that anti-discrimination law is enforced are brought to light, from criminal or civil prosecution through to community resolution processes, amongst others. Through comparing the approaches of different lands, the authors consider which methods of enforcement are effective. These enriching national and international perspectives highlight the need for more creative, concrete and coordinated means of enforcement to ensure the effectiveness of anti-discrimination law, regardless of the legal tradition concerned, but in light of these traditions. Readers will find each nation remarkable, and learn something new and interesting from each report.
Download or read book Fair and Equitable Treatment written by Patrick Dumberry and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the interaction between the concept of the ‘minimum standard of treatment’ under custom and the fair and equitable treatment (FET) standard found in the vast majority of BITs. It also analyses whether the FET standard should be considered as a rule of customary international law.
Download or read book America s Trade Equality Policy written by Hugh O. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1942 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The principle of equality or non discrimination in international law written by Anne F. Bayefsky and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The treatment and taxation of foreign investment under international law written by Fiona Beveridge and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-20 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now available as an ebook for the first time, this 2000 title in the Melland Schill Studies in International Law series is an examination of key issues concerning the treatment of foreign investment and the taxation of investors. It looks at some of the challenges which globalization has thrown up for the international community from a legal perspective and sets developments alongside more traditional approaches. Particular attention is paid to the needs and aspirations of developing countries and the implications for them of free trade orthodoxy. After outlining the established framework of laws concerning investment protection and taxation, the author looks at experiences in the European Union and the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement and at a range of disputes and legal developments to assess whether international legal regimes are responding adequately to meet the needs of states and investors alike. OECD initiatives on taxation and the aborted Multilateral Agreement on Investment negotiations are examined in conjunction with the relevant provisions of the World Trade Organization Agreements.
Download or read book Gender Justice Equality in Employment with Regards to Laws and the Courts Including the North American Free Trade Agreement and the European Economic Community Treaty written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
