Download or read book Epithermal Beam Development at the BMRR Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utilization of an epithermal neutron beam for neutron capture therapy (NCT) is desirable because of the increased tissue penetration relative to a thermal neutron beam. Over the past few years, modifications have been and continue to be made at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (BMRR) by changing its filter components to produce an optimal epithermal beam. An optimal epithermal beam should contain a low fast neutron contamination and no thermal neutrons in the incident beam. Recently a new moderator for the epithermal beam has been installed at the epithermal port of the BMRR and has accomplished this task. This new moderator is a combination of alumina (Al2O3) bricks and aluminum (Al) plates. A 0.51 mm thick cadmium (Cd) sheet has reduced the thermal neutron intensity drastically. Furthermore, an 11.5 cm thick bismuth (Bi) plate installed at the port surface has reduced the gamma dose component to negligible levels. Foil activation techniques have been employed by using bare gold and cadmium-covered gold foil to determine thermal as well as epithermal neutron fluence. Fast neutron fluence has been determined by indium foil counting. Fast neutron and gamma dose in soft tissue, free in air, is being determined by the paired ionization chamber technique, using tissue equivalent (TE) and graphite chambers. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-700) have also been used to determine the gamma dose independently. This paper describes the methods involved in the measurements of the above mentioned parameters. Formulations have been developed and the various corrections involved have been detailed. 12 refs.
Download or read book Enhancement of the Epithermal Neutron Beam at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvements for the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (BMRR) epithermal neutron beam have been evaluated by MCNP calculations and measurements. Different dosimetric measurements have been made after one fuel element was in place of the graphite stringer in the core. Measurements show an 18% increase of beam intensity without reducing the beam quality. These results are consistent with the predictions of an MCNP calculation. Major changes to enhance the beam include rearranging the fuel elements in the core, placing aluminum pellets in the moderator tank C, redesigning the moderator assembly, replacing the outer bismuth by lead plus 0.05% atomic number density of 6Li, and modifying the irradiation port to accommodate an air indentation. The MCNP calculated values for the present and new designs were compared to demonstrate the improvements. The results show that the epithermal flux can be increased by 80% at the irradiation port. The neutron dose per epithermal neutron can be reduced by 30%. The beam directionality can be improved by 7%.
Download or read book Dose Measurements and Calculations in the Epithermal Neutron Beam at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor BMRR written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characteristics of the epithermal neutron beam at BMRR were measured, calculated, and reported. This beam has already been used for animal irradiations. We anticipate that it will be used for clinical trials. Thermal and epithermal neutron flux densities distributions, and dose rate distributions, as a function of depth were measured in a lucite dog-head phantom. Monte Carlo calculations were performed and compared with the measured values. 2 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Download or read book Neutron Beam Design Development and Performance for Neutron Capture Therapy written by Otto K. Harling and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For this Workshop, the organizers have attempted to invite experts from all known centers which are engaged in neutron beam development for neutron capture therapy. The Workshop was designed around a series of nineteen invited papers which dealt with neutron source design and development and beam characterization and performance. Emphasis was placed on epithermal beams because they offer clinical advantages and are more challenging to implement than thermal beams. Fission reactor sources were the basis for the majority of the papers; however three papers dealt with accelerator neutron sources. An additional three invited papers provided a summary of clinical results of Ncr therapy in Japan between 1968 and 1989 and overviews of clinical considerations for neutron capture therapy and of the status of tumor targeting chemical agents for Ncr. Five contributed poster papers dealing with NCT beam design and performance were also presented. A rapporteurs' paper was prepared after the Workshop to attempt to summarize the major aspects, issues, and conclusions which resulted from this Workshop. Many people contributed to both the smooth functioning of the Workshop and to the preparation of these proceedings. Special thanks are reserved for Ms. Dorothy K.
Download or read book Epithermal Beam Development at the BMRR written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development and Characterization of an Epithermal Beam for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy at the MITR II Research Reactor written by Jong-Hoi Richard Choi and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 901 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Boron Neutron Capture Therapy written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Epithermal Neutron Beam from the MURR and from an Accelerator Source Compared to the Beam at the BMRR written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ideal neutron beam for BNCT is a beam of epithermal neutrons, forward directed, and free of gamma rays and thermal and fast neutrons. Three neutron beams were evaluated, and compared: (1) the operating Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (BMRR) epithermal beam, (2) the designed Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR) epithermal beam, and (3) the accelerator-based epithermal neutron beam designed by Wu. These neutron beams were compared with respect to the neutron spectra, neutron and gamma fluxes and doses, and beam directionality. The epithermal neutron beams were inter-compared for different beam parameters in air at the irradiation point. The BMRR beam has the highest neutron plus gamma doses per epithermal neutron among these neutron beams but is satisfactory for patient trials by BNCT at the present time. The RBE dose delivered to the normal brain reaches the tolerance dose limit before the skin RBE dose reaches its limit, so the skin dose can be controlled under the limit. Generally speaking, a treatment can be completed in 54 minutes using the BMRR beam for irradiation at a full-power operation of the reactor. The MURR beam has better beam parameters, including lower neutron and gamma doses per epithermal neutron, higher in intensity, and also directed. The irradiation time could be 5 minutes to complete a treatment. The accelerator-based neutron beam which has shown promising beam parameters similar to the BMRR beam could be a choice in hospitals. However, a complete system at the required power has not yet been demonstrated.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-10 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Neutron Capture Therapy written by R.F. Barth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Binary systems for the treatment of cancer potentially are among the most attractive of the new therapeutic modalities that currently are under investigation. The basicconcept is to selectivelydestroy malignantcells whileconcomitantlysparing normal tissue. Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is the binary system that has been the subject of the Fifth International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy, which was held September13-17, 1992, in Columbus, Ohio, undertheauspicesoftheInternational Society for Neutron Capture Therapy. Its objective was to bring together researchers from throughout the world and to provide a forum at which they could present the latest advances in the development of Neutron capture therapy. Neutron capture therapy has largely, but not exclusively, focused on the use of boron-10 as the target nuclide. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear reaction that occurs when the stable isotope, boron-10, absorbs low-energy non ionizing thermal neutrons to yield alphaparticles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei. The size and energy of these high linear energy transfer (LET) particles result in their being confined largely to the cells in which the capture reaction occurs. For BNCT to be successful, a sufficient numberof I~atoms mustbe localized within neoplastic cells, and enough thermal neutrons must be delivered and absorbed by the I~ to produce a lethal 1~(n,QVLi reaction. Two major problems must be surmounted.
Download or read book Reactor Dosimetry in the 21st Century written by Jan Wagemans and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of the art in reactor dosimetry as applied to nuclear power plants and to high performance research reactors, accelerator-driven systems and spallation sources. The reader will also find the latest advances in computer code development for radiation transport and shielding. In addition, the book focuses on radiation measurement techniques.
Download or read book Frontiers In Boron based Medicinal Chemistry written by Yinghuai Zhu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-04-14 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boron has long occupied a privileged role in chemistry (as a catalyst component) and human health (as a micronutrient). In 1951, boron science took a momentous leap forward with its application in clinical cancer research. The seventy or so years since have witnessed exciting developments in the technology now known as Boron Nuclear Capture Therapy (BNCT), a binary form of radiotherapy that lethally combines two separately non-lethal constituents: a boron-based radiosensitizer and non-ionizing neutron radiation. Frontiers in Boron-based Medicinal Chemistry is a one-stop resource on the current state of BNCT and promising works in the pipeline. It begins with an introduction to general boron chemistry, with extensive discussion on important boron compounds including boranes, boronic acids, carboranes, and FDA-approved boron drugs. Chapter 2 looks at BNCT in clinical trials, while Chapter 3 describes emerging next-generation agents such as boron-based nanoparticles and dendrimers. The penultimate chapter summarizes the currently used and emerging imaging techniques in BNCT, namely, PET, CT, MRI and fluorescence microscopy. The book concludes with a technically heavy chapter on neutron sources and dosimetry. The cutting-edge information contained in this authoritative volume will be a valuable resource for all those involved in mankind's endless struggle against cancer.
Download or read book Les Bienfaits de la r volution Premier apper u de ce qu elle a co t dater du premier septembre 1789 jusqu au premier mars 1791 written by France and published by . This book was released on 1791 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cancer Neutron Capture Therapy written by Y. Mishima and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 893 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many human cancers which actively synthesize specific characteristic proteins such as melanomas, thyroid cancer and squamous cell carcinoma. Many cancer researchers have of course tried to utilize this specific activity as a key for the selective treatment of cancers. In the past for example, the molecular hybrid compound of DOPA, a substrate of melanin, and nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride, a ctyotoxic anti-tumor drug, was synthesized as Melphalan and used to treat malignant melanoma. A major problem arose though in that it was soon found to be highly suppressive toward bone marrow and quite toxic while not being remarkably effective. Thus, malignant melanoma could not be cured by it. Such failure led us to develop a novel bimodal therapeutic system which includes the use of non-toxic potentially cytocidal chemicals which selectively accumulate within the cancer cells and which are converted by a controllable modality into an actively cytocidal element in situ. We can now non-surgically cure malignant melanoma and glioblastoma with our selective cancer treatment, neutron capture therapy (NCT); as can be found in this volume. Included are 124 papers on the latest breaking developments discussed at the Sixth International Symposium on NCT for Cancer held in Kobe during the late autumn of 1994.
Download or read book Progress in Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer written by B.J. Allen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the many advances made in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, the mortality rate is still about half that of the incidence rate. However, the odds are not evenly distributed. Prognosis for some cancers is good, but for others, few patients will survive 12 months. This latter group of cancers is characterised by a proclivity to disseminate malignant cells in the host organ. The degree of surgery possible may be limited by the critical nature of the organ, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy are of palliative value only. In some cases systemic metastases occur, but in other cases, failure to achieve local control results in death. First among these cancers are the high grade brain tumours, astrocytoma 3,4 and glioblastoma multiforme. Local control of these tumours should lead to cure. Other cancers melanoma metastatic to the brain, for which a useful palliative therapy is not yet available, and pancreatic cancer for which localised control at an early stage could bring about improved prognosis. Patients with these cancers have little grounds for hope. Our primary objective is to reverse this situation with Neutron Capture Therapy (NCT). The purpose of this fourth symposium is to hasten the day whereby patients with these cancers can reasonably hope for substantial remissions. The first symposium on NCT was held in Boston in 1983, followed by Tokyo in 1985 and Bremen, Germany in 1988.
Download or read book High Grade Gliomas written by Gene H. Barnett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-21 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is truly an exciting time in the field of neuro-oncology, particularly in the area of hi- grade gliomas. The management of patients with high-grade gliomas has historically been one of the most challenging and disheartening fields in medicine, where failure is the rule and longevity is the exception. The jaded often state that despite purported advances in surgical and radiotherapeutic techniques and a myriad of clinical trials of medical therapies, the s- vival statistics for glioblastoma have not changed in the last three decades. The nihilism associated with these tumors is such that some practitioners still advise against treatment or even biopsy, recommending palliative care with the diagnosis based only on history and an MRI scan. If the current state-of-the-art in the diagnosis and management of high-grade gliomas was truly so bleak, there would be no reason to compile and publish a monograph on the subject. The fact is that we have recently entered an era where real progress is being made in our understanding and treatment of high-grade gliomas that is directly benefiting some patients. We are slowly but surely chipping away at this problem. One approach has exploited correlations between particular molecular markers and therapeutic response. The first such “breakthrough” in high-grade glioma was the observation that loss of chromosomes 1p and 19q uniformly predict chemosensitivity in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (1).
Download or read book Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy written by M. Frederick Hawthorne and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 1389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy contains current research results originally presented at the Eighth International Symposium on Neutron Capture Therapy for Cancer in La Jolla, CA. This comprehensive collection of peer-reviewed manuscripts is showcased in two volumes covering all aspects of the development of this multidisciplinary approach to cancer therapy. Volume I of this work includes clinical results and current progress in treatment planning, neutron sources and dosimetry, while Volume II presents the synthesis, pharmacology and tissue-targeting design of boron compounds, including work on preclinical dosimetry and radiobiology. Intended for researchers and clinicians involved with or interested in new modes of cancer therapy, this volume will also serve as a useful guideline for scientists, students, and practitioners in the field.
