Download or read book Epigenetics and Complex Traits written by Anna K. Naumova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide an overview of basic epigenetic phenomena; interaction between epigenetic and genetic factors; and the influence of epigenetic factors on inheritance. Epigenetic states may contribute to the penetrance of genetic polymorphisms or mutations and thereby modify inheritance patterns. This may result in non‐Mendelian inheritance of genetic traits such as observed in common human disease. The relationship between epigenetics and genetics, however, has not been comprehensively summarized yet. The topic is being more and more appreciated lately due to considerable advances in genomic and epigenomic approaches to study the origins of human disease. The editors will focus not only on describing epigenetic characteristics, mechanisms and results, but also on how considerations of epigenetics can alter interpretation and analysis of risks for complex traits. This book will be a resource for those who have been working in human genetics or analysis of human genetic data and are studying the impact of epigenetics on inheritance. An overview will be given of the impacts of inter‐individual variation in epigenetic states from major changes (errors in genomic imprinting) that cause congenital developmental defects to subtle changes and their impact on complex traits. The editors will discuss the relationship between epigenetic changes and genetic changes in human disease. Several chapters will also focus on statistical analysis of epigenetics effects, either in human disease genetic studies, or in population genetics. ​

Download or read book Epigenetics written by Benedikt Hallgrimsson Ph.D. and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illuminating the processes and patterns that link genotype to phenotype, epigenetics seeks to explain features, characters, and developmental mechanisms that can only be understood in terms of interactions that arise above the level of the gene. With chapters written by leading authorities, this volume offers a broad integrative survey of epigenetics. Approaching this complex subject from a variety of perspectives, it presents a broad, historically grounded view that demonstrates the utility of this approach for understanding complex biological systems in development, disease, and evolution. Chapters cover such topics as morphogenesis and organ formation, conceptual foundations, and cell differentiation, and together demonstrate that the integration of epigenetics into mainstream developmental biology is essential for answering fundamental questions about how phenotypic traits are produced.

Download or read book Epigenetics of Complex Traits and Diseases written by Charles E. Breeze and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation written by Vincenzo E. A. Russo and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many inheritable changes in gene function are not explained by changes in the DNA sequence. Such epigenetic mechanisms are known to influence gene function in most complex organisms and include effects such as transposon function, chromosome imprinting, yeast mating type switching and telomeric silencing. In recent years, epigenetic effects have become a major focus of research activity. This monograph, edited by three well-known biologists from different specialties, is the first to review and synthesize what is known about these effects across all species, particularly from a molecular perspective, and will be of interest to everyone in the fields of molecular biology and genetics.

Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease

Download or read book Human Epigenetics How Science Works written by Carsten Carlberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The view “It’s all in our genes and we cannot change it” developed in the past 150 years since Gregor Mendel’s experiments with flowering pea plants. However, there is a special form of genetics, referred to as epigenetics, which does not involve any change of our genes but regulates how and when they are used. In the cell nucleus our genes are packed into chromatin, which is a complex of histone proteins and genomic DNA, representing the molecular basis of epigenetics. Our environment and lifestyle decisions influence the epigenetics of our cells and organs, i.e. epigenetics changes dynamically throughout our whole life. Thus, we have the chance to change our epigenetics in a positive as well as negative way and present the onset of diseases, such a type 2 diabetes or cancer. This textbook provides a molecular explanation how our genome is connected with environmental signals. It outlines that epigenetic programming is a learning process that results in epigenetic memory in each of the cells of our body. The central importance of epigenetics during embryogenesis and cellular differentiation as well as in the process of aging and the risk for the development of cancer are discussed. Moreover, the role of the epigenome as a molecular storage of cellular events not only in the brain but also in metabolic organs and in the immune system is described. The book represents an updated but simplified version of our textbook “Human Epigenomics” (ISBN 978-981-10-7614-8). The first five chapters explain the molecular basis of epigenetics, while the following seven chapters provide examples for the impact of epigenetics in human health and disease.

Download or read book Environmental Epigenetics written by L. Joseph Su and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.

Download or read book Genetics and Epigenetics of Early Life Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The PhD thesis Genetics and epigenetics of early life development by Veronika Odintsova (VU, Amsterdam) concerns traits and exposures associated with early life development. It contains a series of studies that have as a background the role of nature and nurture in human development. In these studies, the author used contemporary genetic epidemiological methods and the latest molecular biology advances, and applied these to early life traits in two large cohorts in the Netherlands and UK—the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The NTR samples comprises twins, which is a valuable resource in research on early life development and biomarkers, because the twin design allows one evaluate genetic and environmental influences on the phenotypes of interest. Studying early life outcomes and traits, such as a newborn state at birth assessed with Apgar scores (i.e., scores based on newborn appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration) or handedness, the author found a very small contribution of genetic influences to those traits, and hypothesized that epigenetic modifications could play a role. Most epigenetic programming is thought to take place within the first 1000 days of life. Epigenetic mechanisms are mechanisms that influence gene expression throughout the lifespan. Some epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, which are attributable to early life factors and exposures, can persist throughout childhood and into adulthood. This thesis focused on DNA methylation, as a source of variation, in addition to the genetic and environmental sources. It focused, inter alia, on epigenetic differences related to early life exposures – prenatal maternal smoking and breastfeeding – and complex traits – birth weight, BMI, left-handedness, and aggression.

Download or read book Above the Gene Beyond Biology written by Jan Baedke and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2018-05-23 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is currently one of the fastest-growing fields in the sciences. Epigenetic information not only controls DNA expression but links genetic factors with the environmental experiences that influence the traits and characteristics of an individual. What we eat, where we work, and how we live affects not only the activity of our genes but that of our offspring as well. This discovery has imposed a revolutionary theoretical shift on modern biology, especially on evolutionary theory. It has helped to uncover the developmental processes leading to cancer, obesity, schizophrenia, alcoholism, and aging, and to facilitate associated medial applications such as stem cell therapy and cloning. Above the Gene, Beyond Biology explores how biologists in this booming field investigate and explain living systems. Jan Baedke offers the first comprehensive philosophical discussion of epigenetic concepts, explanations, and methodologies so that we can better understand this “epigenetic turn” in the life sciences from a philosophical perspective.

Download or read book Characterizing Rare Genetic and Epigenetic Variation in Complex Phenotypes written by Enrique Ivan Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common genetic variability has failed to explain a large fraction of the heritability of complex disease. In contrast, rare genomic variation plays an important role in novel Mendelian phenotypes and complex traits, and is the most common type of genetic variation in populations (Tennessen et al, 2012). International large sequencing initiatives have demonstrated that individual genetic variability exceeds prior estimates (Fu et al, 2013), and complex traits are mediated through additive genetic variation (Hill WG, 2008). Identification of these rare variant profiles is relevant to pinpoint potential disease-related mechanisms in complex disease; however, due to the substantial number of possible targets in the genome and the variability between individuals, this task was not easily attainable until the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the subsequent ability to target any portion of the genome. These analyses require processing extensive amounts of NGS data using robust and accurate bioinformatics. To improve the ability to quantitatively characterize rare variability in complex phenotypes, I have participated in the development of bioinformatic pipelines that enable detection of rare substitutions, insertions and deletions from a few target genes in anonymous pools of DNA (Vallania, Ramos et al, 2010; Vallania, Ramos et al, 2012) and extended the capability of these pipelines to allow highly sensitive, specific and efficient quantification of rare variation from targeted capture of hundreds of candidate genes up to entire exomes in individually indexed ("bar-coded") NGS data (Ramos et al, 2012). I have demonstrated the utility of these algorithms through the identification of disease-causing genes in complex phenotypes such as fatal extreme microcephaly (Ramos et al, 2014) and congenital anomalies of the kidney or lower urinary tract (Chatterjee, Ramos et al, 2012). Additional types of rare epigenetic variation, such as DNA methylation, may further influence complex phenotypes and biological processes (Hernandez et al, 2012; Leung et al, 2012; Bell et al, 2011). However, outside of costly whole genome bisulfite sequencing, methods for large scale, targeted DNA methylation analysis (e.g. methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP), reduced representation bisulfate sequencing (RRBS), methylation sensitive restriction enzyme (MSRE) digestion) have demonstrated conflicting results. To develop more robust bioinformatics for the quantification of rare epigenomic variation in complex traits, I have developed a novel genome-wide murine methylome hybridization capture array and adapted my previously established pipeline to enable highly sensitive methylation analysis. Using this array and bioinformatic pipeline, I have identified a discreet number of age and tissue-specific methylation changes in the mouse genome (manuscript in preparation), as well as, identification of novel tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns of genes involved in neurodevelopment (Hing, Ramos; et al.). Taken together, the goal of this study is to facilitate the quantification of different forms of rare variation, which will lead to novel insights in complex phenotypes and diseases.

Download or read book Computational Epigenetics and Diseases written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Epigenetics and Diseases, written by leading scientists in this evolving field, provides a comprehensive and cutting-edge knowledge of computational epigenetics in human diseases. In particular, the major computational tools, databases, and strategies for computational epigenetics analysis, for example, DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNA, noncoding RNA, and ceRNA, are summarized, in the context of human diseases. This book discusses bioinformatics methods for epigenetic analysis specifically applied to human conditions such as aging, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, liver and autoimmune disorders, and reproductive and respiratory diseases. Additionally, different organ cancers, such as breast, lung, and colon, are discussed. This book is a valuable source for graduate students and researchers in genetics and bioinformatics, and several biomedical field members interested in applying computational epigenetics in their research. Provides a comprehensive and cutting-edge knowledge of computational epigenetics in human diseases Summarizes the major computational tools, databases, and strategies for computational epigenetics analysis, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNA, noncoding RNA, and ceRNA Covers the major milestones and future directions of computational epigenetics in various kinds of human diseases such as aging, atherosclerosis, diabetes, heart disease, neurological disorders, cancers, blood disorders, liver diseases, reproductive diseases, respiratory diseases, autoimmune diseases, human imprinting disorders, and infectious diseases

Download or read book Vogel and Motulsky s Human Genetics written by Michael Speicher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-26 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of this classical reference book can once again be relied upon to present a cohesive and up-to-date exposition of all aspects of human and medical genetics. Human genetics has become one of the main basic sciences in medicine, and molecular genetics is increasingly becoming a major part of this field. This new edition integrates a wealth of new information - mainly describing the influence of the "molecular revolution" - including the principles of epigenetic processes which together create the phenotype of a human being. Other revisions are an improved layout, sub-division into a larger number of chapters, as well as two-colour print throughout for ease of reference, and many of the figures are now in full colour. For graduates and those already working in medical genetics.

Download or read book The Epigenetics Revolution written by Nessa Carey and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics can potentially revolutionize our understanding of the structure and behavior of biological life on Earth. It explains why mapping an organism's genetic code is not enough to determine how it develops or acts and shows how nurture combines with nature to engineer biological diversity. Surveying the twenty-year history of the field while also highlighting its latest findings and innovations, this volume provides a readily understandable introduction to the foundations of epigenetics. Nessa Carey, a leading epigenetics researcher, connects the field's arguments to such diverse phenomena as how ants and queen bees control their colonies; why tortoiseshell cats are always female; why some plants need cold weather before they can flower; and how our bodies age and develop disease. Reaching beyond biology, epigenetics now informs work on drug addiction, the long-term effects of famine, and the physical and psychological consequences of childhood trauma. Carey concludes with a discussion of the future directions for this research and its ability to improve human health and well-being.

Download or read book Epigenetics in Human Disease written by Trygve Tollefsbol and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is one of the fastest growing fields of sciences, illuminating studies of human diseases by looking beyond genetic make-up and acknowledging that outside factors play a role in gene expression. The goal of this volume is to highlight those diseases or conditions for which we have advanced knowledge of epigenetic factors such as cancer, autoimmune disorders and aging as well as those that are yielding exciting breakthroughs in epigenetics such as diabetes, neurobiological disorders and cardiovascular disease. Where applicable, attempts are made to not only detail the role of epigenetics in the etiology, progression, diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases, but also novel epigenetic approaches to the treatment of these diseases. Chapters are also presented on human imprinting disorders, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases and gynecological and reproductive diseases. Since epigenetics plays a major role in the aging process, advances in the epigenetics of aging are highly relevant to many age-related human diseases. Therefore, this volume closes with chapters on aging epigenetics and breakthroughs that have been made to delay the aging process through epigenetic approaches. With its translational focus, this book will serve as valuable reference for both basic scientists and clinicians alike. Comprehensive coverage of fundamental and emergent science and clinical usage Side-by-side coverage of the basis of epigenetic diseases and their treatments Evaluation of recent epigenetic clinical breakthroughs

Download or read book The Applications of New Multi Locus GWAS Methodologies in the Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits written by Yuan-Ming Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are widely used in the genetic dissection of complex traits. Most existing methods are based on single-marker association in genome-wide scans with population structure and polygenic background controls. To control the false positive rate, the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests is frequently adopted. This stringent correction results in the exclusion of important loci, especially for GWAS in crop genetics. To address this issue, multi-locus GWAS methodologies have been recommended, i.e., FASTmrEMMA, ISIS EM-BLASSO, mrMLM, FASTmrMLM, pLARmEB, pKWmEB and FarmCPU. In this Research Topic, our purpose is to clarify some important issues in the application of multi-locus GWAS methods. Here we discuss the following subjects: First, we discuss the advantages of new multi-locus GWAS methods over the widely-used single-locus GWAS methods in the genetic dissection of complex traits, metabolites and gene expression levels. Secondly, large experiment error in the field measurement of phenotypic values for complex traits in crop genetics results in relatively large P-values in GWAS, indicating the existence of small number of significantly associated SNPs. To solve this issue, a less stringent P-value critical value is often adopted, i.e., 0.001, 0.0001 and 1/m (m is the number of markers). Although lowering the stringency with which an association is made could identify more hits, confidence in these hits would significantly drop. In this Research Topic we propose a new threshold of significant QTN (LOD=3.0 or P-value=2.0e-4) in multi-locus GWAS to balance high power and low false positive rate. Thirdly, heritability missing in GWAS is a common phenomenon, and a series of scientists have explained the reasons why the heritability is missing. In this Research Topic, we also add one additional reason and propose the joint use of several GWAS methodologies to capture more QTNs. Thus, overall estimated heritability would be increased. Finally, we discuss how to select and use these multi-locus GWAS methods.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology Vol 1 written by Philip David Zelazo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 1049 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive survey of what is now known about psychological development, from birth to biological maturity, and it highlights how cultural, social, cognitive, neural, and molecular processes work together to yield human behavior and changes in human behavior.

Download or read book Biosocial Surveys written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-01-06 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosocial Surveys analyzes the latest research on the increasing number of multipurpose household surveys that collect biological data along with the more familiar interviewerâ€"respondent information. This book serves as a follow-up to the 2003 volume, Cells and Surveys: Should Biological Measures Be Included in Social Science Research? and asks these questions: What have the social sciences, especially demography, learned from those efforts and the greater interdisciplinary communication that has resulted from them? Which biological or genetic information has proven most useful to researchers? How can better models be developed to help integrate biological and social science information in ways that can broaden scientific understanding? This volume contains a collection of 17 papers by distinguished experts in demography, biology, economics, epidemiology, and survey methodology. It is an invaluable sourcebook for social and behavioral science researchers who are working with biosocial data.