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Book Studies on Cercospora Zeae maydis

Download or read book Studies on Cercospora Zeae maydis written by Patricia May Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Coexistence of Sibling Species of Cercospora Causing Gray Leaf Spot on Maize in Southern New York State

Download or read book Coexistence of Sibling Species of Cercospora Causing Gray Leaf Spot on Maize in Southern New York State written by Lin-Si Hsieh and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two Cercospora sibling species, C. zeae-maydis (Czm) and C. zeina (Cz), are recognized as the causal agents of gray leaf spot (GLS) of maize (Zea mays). A report from 1998 indicated the presence of the two species in South New York State. An intensive survey was conducted in central and southern New York State in the maize growing season in 2006. A total of 689 Cercospora isolates were obtained from 108 leaf lesions associated with GLS from 25 fields at 54 sampling sites across seven watersheds. Of the Cercospora isolates, 648 (94%) were recovered from 81 lesions collected from the Chemung, Tioga, and Owego-Wappasening watersheds. The isolates could be differentiated to two groups based on morphological traits. Two species-specific histone H3 primers were used to characterize 112 isolates representative of the two groups, confirming 32 and 77 isolates to be Czm and Cz, respectively. Among the 25 fields in which GLS pathogens were detected, only one species was detected in 16 fields, while both species were found in nine of the fields. Both Czm and Cz were isolated from three of the 81 lesions for which multiple isolates were analyzed. After adjusting for the detection probabilities, the occurrence of Czm and Cz were modeled by logistic regression based on the presence / absence binary data corresponding to various geographic variables. The results revealed that latitude was the most significant (P=0.0262) predictive variable for Czm occurrence, with a statistically significant positive coefficient of 0.91 and an odds ratio of 6.2 for latitude zone in a range from 42°00"N to 42°15"N. This indicated that Czm was more likely to be detected in southern than central part of New York State. Logistic regression model fitted to the observed data of Cz occurrence revealed that watershed was the only significant predictor of the probability of Cz occurrence. Based on the parameter estimates ([beta]) and odds ratio (OR) for Chemung ([beta]=2.52, OR=16.5) and Seneca ([beta]= -2.59, OR=0.1) watersheds in final logistic regression model, it was suggested that Cz was more likely to be detected in Chemung, while it was less likely to be detected in Seneca. These results might be explained by the differences in climatic conditions and weather trends observed between Chemung and Aurora. Additionally, there was a positive and moderate interspecific association between Czm and Cz occurrence across the 54 sampling sites. These results suggested that the Cz population, considered a new-comer, has acclimated to the new environment and responded similarly to Czm to host and environmental variations. However, the higher frequency of Cz detection in the Southern Tier of New York State, especially in Chemung watershed, implied that, in addition to temperature and latitude factors, there is a specific environmental or geographical condition around this region more favorable for the colonization of Cz than Czm.

Book Population Genetics of the Maize Foliar Pathogen Cercospora Zeina Crous U Braun in Five Countries of Sub Saharan Africa

Download or read book Population Genetics of the Maize Foliar Pathogen Cercospora Zeina Crous U Braun in Five Countries of Sub Saharan Africa written by David Livingstone Nsibo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cercospora zeina, a causal pathogen of gray leaf spot (GLS) of maize, is responsible for up to 1 % of global yield losses. Previous small-scale population genetics studies have revealed that C. zeina is a highly diverse pathogen. Using microsatellite markers, we set out to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of 835 C. zeina isolates from five countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, and to establish their evolutionary potential. Our findings revealed that populations from different farming systems exhibited partial, but significant population differentiation. Also, smallholder populations had a higher genetic diversity, number of private alleles and lower clonality than commercial populations. Country-level populations were highly diverse and structured, with migration occurring among populations. Interestingly, Zambia came out as a distinct population, with a lower genetic diversity, higher clonality and private alleles, indicative of a more recently introduced population. Our findings rejected the existing hypothesis of Durban harbor being the entry point of C. zeina into Africa, thus suggesting that the pathogen has other point(s) of entry. Additionally, signatures of cryptic sexual recombination were observed even though an attempt to induce the sexual stage in laboratory conditions was unsuccessful. We found no evidence for C. zeae-maydis, C. zeinaaÌ22́Ơ4́Øs sibling species in more than 1000 isolates collected from around Africa, thus confirming that C. zeina is the predominant species in Africa. Overall, this pathogen is a genetically well-established pathogen in Africa with its population structure being influenced by sexual recombination, migration and human activities. This study, therefore, provides a basis for effective monitoring of C. zeinaaÌ22́Ơ4́Øs dispersal and is a tool for designing more effective regional-specific management strategies to reduce the acquisition and movement of highly virulent strains that overcome host resistance or fungicide control.

Book Epidemiology and Histopathology of Gray Leaf Spot of Corn Caused by Cercospora Zea maydis

Download or read book Epidemiology and Histopathology of Gray Leaf Spot of Corn Caused by Cercospora Zea maydis written by Peter McDonald Beckman and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Epidemiology and Management of Grey Leaf Spot

Download or read book Epidemiology and Management of Grey Leaf Spot written by John Michael Julian Ward and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Maize Research

    Maize Research

    Book Details:
  • Author : Jiban Shrestha
  • Publisher : Nipa
  • Release : 2023-07-08
  • ISBN : 9788119215621
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Maize Research written by Jiban Shrestha and published by Nipa. This book was released on 2023-07-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uates its readers about the methods and management of livestock during disasters. The book has covered all mad made and natural disasters and their effect on livestock and how they can be managed better for longer survival and help to the humans. Topics on how animals can sense a disaster in advance and what are the common indications given by them and how humans can benefit from it. Book elucidates the management of feeding, feed resources, production and health so as to make the livestock production economical. It is hoped that the compilation will prove useful for the researchers, planners and policy makers to understand the causes for the loss of productivity and health of livestock in drier regions and help in devising management plans towards sustenance and improvement of production.

Book Disease Resistance in Crop Plants

Download or read book Disease Resistance in Crop Plants written by Shabir Hussain Wani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human population is escalating at an enormous pace and is estimated to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. As a result, there will be an increase in demand for agricultural production by 60–110% between the years 2005 and 2050 at the global level; the number will be even more drastic in the developing world. Pathogens, animals, and weeds are altogether responsible for between 20 to 40 % of global agricultural productivity decrease. As such, managing disease development in plants continues to be a major strategy to ensure adequate food supply for the world. Accordingly, both the public and private sectors are moving to harness the tools and paradigms that promise resistance against pests and diseases. While the next generation of disease resistance research is progressing, maximum disease resistance traits are expected to be polygenic in nature and controlled by selective genes positioned at putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs). It has also been realized that sources of resistance are generally found in wild relatives or cultivars of lesser agronomic significance. However, introgression of disease resistance traits into commercial crop varieties typically involves many generations of backcrossing to transmit a promising genotype. Molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAB) has been found to facilitate the pre-selection of traits even prior to their expression. To date, researchers have utilized disease resistance genes (R-genes) in different crops including cereals, pulses, and oilseeds and other economically important plants, to improve productivity. Interestingly, comparison of different R genes that empower plants to resist an array of pathogens has led to the realization that the proteins encoded by these genes have numerous features in common. The above observation therefore suggests that plants may have co-evolved signal transduction pathways to adopt resistance against a wide range of divergent pathogens. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms necessary for pathogen identification and a thorough dissection of the cellular responses to biotic stresses will certainly open new vistas for sustainable crop disease management. This book summarizes the recent advances in molecular and genetic techniques that have been successfully applied to impart disease resistance for plants and crops. It integrates the contributions from plant scientists targeting disease resistance mechanisms using molecular, genetic, and genomic approaches. This collection therefore serves as a reference source for scientists, academicians and post graduate students interested in or are actively engaged in dissecting disease resistance in plants using advanced genetic tools.

Book Genetic and Molecular Basis of Plant Pathogenesis

Download or read book Genetic and Molecular Basis of Plant Pathogenesis written by J.E. Vanderplank and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As befits a volume in the Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, this book was written with problems of practical agriculture in mind. One of the ways of controlling plant disease is by using resistant cultivars; and from the wide literature of genetics and biochemistry in plant pathology I have emphasized what seems to bear most closely on breeding for disease resistance. This has a double advantage, for it happens all to the good that this emphasis is also an emphasis on primary causes of disease, as distinct from subsequent processes of symptom expression and other secondary effects. The chapters are entirely modern in outlook. The great revolution in biology this century had its high moments in the elucidation of the DNA double helix in 1953 and the deciphering of the genetic code in 1961. This book, so far as I know, is the first in plant pathology to be conceived within the framework of this new biology. Half the book could not have been written 20 years ago, even if there had then been available all the literature that has since accumulated on the genetics and chemistry of plant disease. The new biology is the cement this book uses to bind the literature together. Another feature of this book is an emphasis on thermodynamics.

Book Seed Testing of Maize and Wheat

Download or read book Seed Testing of Maize and Wheat written by E. J. Warham and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 200? with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Population Biology of Plant Pathogens

Download or read book Population Biology of Plant Pathogens written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book An Annotated List of Seed borne Diseases

Download or read book An Annotated List of Seed borne Diseases written by Mary Jessie M'Donald Noble and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: