Download or read book Environmental Effects in the Atmospheric Corrosion of Zinc written by JP. Carter and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, as part of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, is conducting a field exposure program to measure the corrosion damage on commonly used structural metals and the incremental effects of acidic deposition and other environmental variables. Corrosion damage, air quality, rain chemistry, and meteorology are being continuously measured at five sites in the Eastern and Midwest United States for periods up to 84 months. Corrosion damage on zinc for periods up to 36 months was determined from weight-loss measurements, analysis of corrosion film chemistry, and of precipitation runoff chemistry. The results suggest the long-term zinc corrosion film consists of a stable inner layer sensitive to atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations and a nonprotective outer layer. A synergistic reaction involving SO2 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may occur. Dry deposition of SO2 and NOx on the corrosion film is substantial. Zinc losses from the corrosion film are proportional to hydrogen ion loading. Covariance between many air quality and rain chemistry variables may be low enough to avoid, to a considerable degree, problems in developing linear regression models of corrosion damage.
Download or read book Degradation of Metals in the Atmosphere written by S. W. Dean and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1987 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Effects of Metals Induced by Atmospheric Corrosion written by IO. Wallinder and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major on-going research project is described that aims at generating relevant data for future risk assessments of environmental effects caused by copper, zinc, chromium and nickel release from roof materials. Cross-disciplinary activities have been implemented that range from the metal release situation through transport in soil and aquatic environments to the metal receptor situation. Key concepts include atmospheric corrosion, metal runoff, metal chemical speciation, bioavailability, changes in metal speciation and bioavailability during transport, metal retainment, and ecotoxicity effects. In all, tools are available to describe fully the situation from the roof to the recipient. These tools will be described briefly, together with selected results. The results show consistency with respect to chemical speciation, bioavailability and ecotoxicity, at least when describing the metal effect immediately after release from the roof. However, much work remains in order to characterize more complex situations closer to the recipient.
Download or read book Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion written by Herbert E. Townsend and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A May 2001 symposium in Phoenix, Arizona was originally intended to present results of the Society's 1976 international outdoor atmospheric corrosion test program; it was soon combined with another being planned on indoor corrosion, but the indoorists stayed home, so all of the 29 papers consider ou
Download or read book Atmospheric Corrosion written by Christofer Leygraf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION Presents a comprehensive look at atmospheric corrosion, combining expertise in corrosion science and atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric corrosion has been a subject of engineering study, largely empirical, for nearly a century. Scientists came to the field rather later on and had considerable difficulty bringing their arsenal of tools to bear on the problem. Atmospheric corrosion was traditionally studied by specialists in corrosion having little knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, history, or prospects. Atmospheric Corrosion provides a combined approach bringing together experimental corrosion and atmospheric chemistry. The second edition expands on this approach by including environmental aspects of corrosion, atmospheric corrosion modeling, and international corrosion exposure programs. The combination of specialties provides a more comprehensive coverage of the topic. These scientific insights into the corrosion process and its amelioration are the focus of this book. Key topics include the following: Basic principles of atmospheric corrosion chemistry Corrosion mechanisms in controlled and uncontrolled environments Degradation of materials in architectural, transport, and structural applications; electronic devices; and cultural artifacts Protection of existing materials and choosing new ones that resist corrosion Prediction of how and where atmospheric corrosion may evolve in the future Complete with appendices discussing experimental techniques, computer models, and the degradation of specific metals, Atmospheric Corrosion, Second Edition continues to be an invaluable resource for corrosion scientists, corrosion engineers, conservators, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the theory and application of this evolving field. The book concerns primarily the atmospheric corrosion of metals and is written at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students in any of the physical or engineering sciences.
Download or read book Corrosion and conservation of cultural heritage metallic artefacts written by J. Tidblad and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter focuses primarily on the common environmental aspects of atmospheric metal corrosion. The effects of climate and pollution on corrosion are reviewed across various timescales, from damage over millennia to the present situation, including short descriptions of the indoor environment and recent developments in international standardisation. The chapter concludes with two sections on future trends in air pollution and climate change.
Download or read book Atmospheric Corrosion written by Christofer Leygraf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-05 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION Presents a comprehensive look at atmospheric corrosion, combining expertise in corrosion science and atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric corrosion has been a subject of engineering study, largely empirical, for nearly a century. Scientists came to the field rather later on and had considerable difficulty bringing their arsenal of tools to bear on the problem. Atmospheric corrosion was traditionally studied by specialists in corrosion having little knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, history, or prospects. Atmospheric Corrosion provides a combined approach bringing together experimental corrosion and atmospheric chemistry. The second edition expands on this approach by including environmental aspects of corrosion, atmospheric corrosion modeling, and international corrosion exposure programs. The combination of specialties provides a more comprehensive coverage of the topic. These scientific insights into the corrosion process and its amelioration are the focus of this book. Key topics include the following: Basic principles of atmospheric corrosion chemistry Corrosion mechanisms in controlled and uncontrolled environments Degradation of materials in architectural, transport, and structural applications; electronic devices; and cultural artifacts Protection of existing materials and choosing new ones that resist corrosion Prediction of how and where atmospheric corrosion may evolve in the future Complete with appendices discussing experimental techniques, computer models, and the degradation of specific metals, Atmospheric Corrosion, Second Edition continues to be an invaluable resource for corrosion scientists, corrosion engineers, conservators, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the theory and application of this evolving field. The book concerns primarily the atmospheric corrosion of metals and is written at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students in any of the physical or engineering sciences.
Download or read book Corrosion and Electrochemistry of Zinc written by Xiaoge Gregory Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humankind's use of zinc stretches back to antiquity, and it was a component in some of the earliest known alloy systems. Even though metallic zinc was not "discovered" in Europe until 1746 (by Marggral), zinc ores were used for making brass in biblical times, and an 87% zinc alloy was found in prehistoric ruins in Transylvania. Also, zinc (the metal) was produced in quantity in India as far back as the thirteenth century, well before it was recognized as being a separate element. The uses of zinc are manifold, ranging from galvanizing to die castings to electronics. It is a preferred anode material in high-energy-density batteries (e.g., Ni/Zn, Ag/Zn, ZnJair), so that its electrochemistry, particularly in alkaline media, has been extensively explored. In the passive state, zinc is photoelectrochemically active, with the passive film displaying n-type characteristics. For the same reason that zinc is considered to be an excellent battery anode, it has found extensive use as a sacrificial anode for the protection of ships and pipelines from corrosion. Indeed, aside from zinc's well-known attributes as an alloying element, its widespread use is principally due to its electrochemical properties, which include a well-placed position in the galvanic series for protecting iron and steel in natural aqueous environments and its reversible dissolution behavior in alkaline solutions.
Download or read book Corrosion in Natural Environments written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1974 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analytical Functions for Modeling Atmospheric Corrosion of Zinc written by Patricia L. Lang and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Deterioration of Materials written by Anežka Moncmanová and published by Advances in Architecture. This book was released on 2007 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing level of pollution in the environment not only harms the natural world, but also accelerates the deterioration and corrosion of materials used in technical work, as well as objects with historical or artistic value. It is impossible to eliminate the numerous sources of this negative effect, so there are currently increased efforts towards improved preservation, which require a thorough knowledge of the causes of the degradation of individual materials.This book deals with the fundamental principles underlying environmental degradation of widely-used and economically important construction materials such as metals, stone, brick, concrete, timber, cast iron, steel, copper alloys and aluminium. It features information on the methods of deterioration, as well as general information on the economic impact of the damaging processes, and offers some suggested fundamental protection techniques for buildings, industrial and agricultural facilities, monuments and culturally important structures.This book will be of interest to materials and corrosion engineering experts, civil and environmental engineers, students and practicing professionals, designers, architects and restoration engineers. It will also be a useful tool for managers from various sectors of industry, for auditors of environmental management systems, and it can be used as a complementary course book for university students.
Download or read book Atmospheric Corrosion written by W. H. Ailor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1982 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Degradation and Corrosion Control written by Philip A. Schweitzer, P.E. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-07-09 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers solutions to the problems associated with atmospheric corrosion by covering corrosion theory, the mechanisms and effects of corrosion on specific materials, and the means of protecting materials against atmospheric conditions. It assesses the financial cost of protecting construction materials against the elements and it considers temperature, humidity, and the presence of contaminants in the air to optimize the ability of materials to withstand the influence of weathering.
Download or read book Atmospheric Factors Affecting the Corrosion of Zinc Galvanized Steel and Copper written by SD. Cramer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bureau of Mines, as part of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, studied the atmospheric corrosion of zinc, galvanized steel, and copper at five sites in the eastern United States for periods up to five years. Air quality, meteorology, precipitation chemistry, and pariculate chemistry were monitored at each site. Long-term (steady-state) corrosion rates were measured by mass loss and by determining the rate that corrosion products were removed in precipitation runoff. A three-term runoff flux model fit long-term field corrosion data well, giving R2 values greater than 0.95. The model was based on the fluxes of precipitation volume, wet-deposited hydrogen ion, and dry-deposited sulfur dioxide that are available from regional environmental monitoring activities. The parameter values obtained from this model agreed with values obtained by direct measurement, indicating they are physically significant. These parameters are the dry deposition velocity of sulfur dioxide to the metal, the number of hydrogen ions needed to release a metal ion from the corrosion product, and a product of residence time and the solubility of the corrosion product in precipitation. Experimental evidence suggests the model needs a fourth term for the dry deposition of particulates that deposit on the metal and neutralize a fraction of the acidic species subsequently deposited. Damage to zinc, galvanized steel, and copper from wet and dry acidic deposition was estimated to be 50% or more of the total damage at each of the five sites. Damage to zinc at the Ohio site by acid deposition was more than 80% of the total damage. for copper, damage from the wet deposition of hydrogen ions was greater than that from the dry deposition of sulfur dioxide at four of the five sites.
Download or read book Interim Assessment the Causes and Effects of Acidic Deposition written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Corrosion written by Christofer Leygraf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION Presents a comprehensive look at atmospheric corrosion, combining expertise in corrosion science and atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric corrosion has been a subject of engineering study, largely empirical, for nearly a century. Scientists came to the field rather later on and had considerable difficulty bringing their arsenal of tools to bear on the problem. Atmospheric corrosion was traditionally studied by specialists in corrosion having little knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, history, or prospects. Atmospheric Corrosion provides a combined approach bringing together experimental corrosion and atmospheric chemistry. The second edition expands on this approach by including environmental aspects of corrosion, atmospheric corrosion modeling, and international corrosion exposure programs. The combination of specialties provides a more comprehensive coverage of the topic. These scientific insights into the corrosion process and its amelioration are the focus of this book. Key topics include the following: Basic principles of atmospheric corrosion chemistry Corrosion mechanisms in controlled and uncontrolled environments Degradation of materials in architectural, transport, and structural applications; electronic devices; and cultural artifacts Protection of existing materials and choosing new ones that resist corrosion Prediction of how and where atmospheric corrosion may evolve in the future Complete with appendices discussing experimental techniques, computer models, and the degradation of specific metals, Atmospheric Corrosion, Second Edition continues to be an invaluable resource for corrosion scientists, corrosion engineers, conservators, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the theory and application of this evolving field. The book concerns primarily the atmospheric corrosion of metals and is written at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students in any of the physical or engineering sciences.
Download or read book Interim Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
