Download or read book Environmental DNA for Assessinging Species Richness Genetic Diversity and Species Abundance written by Kara Andres and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches, which involve the sampling and analysis of DNA directly from environmental samples, have revolutionized the ability to detect species and monitor biodiversity efficiently and noninvasively. Recent work has demonstrated the potential for eDNA to detect intraspecific genetic variation and conduct population genetic assessments; however, the field of eDNA has thus far been limited to the assessment of short mitochondrial markers that may lack the resolution required for detailed population genetic assessments. In this body of work, I explore the potential for eDNA approaches to assess fish species richness, provide population genetic information, and estimate absolute species abundance. I first combine estimates of species richness using eDNA metabarcoding and multiple capture-based sampling methods to determine the allocation of effort and cost that provides the optimal approach for lake-wide species inventories. Moving beyond species detections, I then review the important considerations and types of analyses that are possible when analyzing intraspecific genetic variation from eDNA samples and conduct a simulation experiment to understand the limitations of estimating species abundance with different genetic markers and levels of genetic variation. I then demonstrate successful amplification of nuclear microsatellite markers from eDNA samples in a mesocosm experiment, providing accurate estimates of allele frequencies and abundance of an aquatic invasive fish species, the Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Next, I use these approaches to conduct a field-based population genetics experiment, showing agreement between tissue-based and eDNA-based estimates of allele frequencies and population genetic parameters. Last, I assess the potential for eDNA approaches to estimate Round Goby abundance in natural environments and compare these estimates to benthic images obtained with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Collectively, these studies indicate that intraspecific genetic variation from nuclear genetic markers can be detected from eDNA samples in both natural and controlled environments and used to estimate population allele frequencies, genetic parameters, and species abundance. However, careful consideration of the challenges and limitations of these approaches are required for eDNA to be reliably used for population monitoring and assessments.
Download or read book Environmental DNA written by Pierre Taberlet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to DNA that can be extracted from environmental samples (such as soil, water, feces, or air) without the prior isolation of any target organism. The analysis of environmental DNA has the potential of providing high-throughput information on taxa and functional genes in a given environment, and is easily amenable to the study of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It can provide an understanding of past or present biological communities as well as their trophic relationships, and can thus offer useful insights into ecosystem functioning. There is now a rapidly-growing interest amongst biologists in applying analysis of environmental DNA to their own research. However, good practices and protocols dealing with environmental DNA are currently widely dispersed across numerous papers, with many of them presenting only preliminary results and using a diversity of methods. In this context, the principal objective of this practical handbook is to provide biologists (both students and researchers) with the scientific background necessary to assist with the understanding and implementation of best practices and analyses based on environmental DNA.
Download or read book Biological Assessment and Criteria written by Wayne S. Davis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-03-03 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Assessment and Criteria presents a state-of-the-art overview of the applications of biological assessments and biocriteria for water quality management in fresh waters. The book presents case studies which illustrate how bioassessment has been used to identify and diagnose water quality problems. It also provides examples of the use of qualitative and quantitative biocriteria as regulatory tools to complement water quality criteria and standards. The first book to present the technical foundation, rationale, program and policy relevance, and legal basis for the most accurate tools used to assess freshwater natural resource and regulatory efforts, this book provides useful and timely information for water quality managers.
Download or read book Genetics and the Extinction of Species written by Laura Landweber and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Darwin's Origin of Species and Dobzhansky's Genetics and the Origin of Species have been the cornerstones of modern evolutionary and population genetic theory for the past hundred years, but in the twenty-first century, biologists will face graver problems of extinction. In this collection, a team of leading biologists demonstrates why the burgeoning field of conservation biology must continue to rely on the insights of population genetics if we are to preserve the diversity of living species. Technological and theoretical developments throughout the 1990s have allowed for important new insights into how populations have evolved in response to past selection pressures, while providing a broad new understanding of the genetic structure of natural populations. The authors explore these advances and argue for the applicability of new genetic methods in conservation biology. The volume covers such topics as the reasons for extinctions, the best ways to measure biodiversity, and the benefits and drawbacks of policies like captive breeding. Genetics and the Extinction of Species is a rich source of information for biologists and policymakers who want to learn more about the host of tools, theories, and approaches available for conserving biodiversity. In addition to the editors, the contributors to the volume are William Amos, Rebecca Cann, Kathryn Rodriguez-Clark, Leslie Douglas, Leonard Freed, Paul Harvey, Kent Holsinger, Russell Lande, and Helen Steers.
Download or read book Assessing the Persistence of Environmental DNA and Environmental RNA for Zooplankton Biodiversity Monitoring by Metabarcoding written by Anna Harris and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has proven successful at detecting low abundance species due to the stability and ubiquity of DNA in the environment. While this is ideal for efficient monitoring over large geographic ranges, eDNA persistence and transport within aquatic systems often introduces false positive detection of species which are spatially or temporally removed. Environmental RNA (eRNA) metabarcoding may allow better spatial and temporal resolution by detecting only present, local species due to the faster degradation rate of the RNA molecule; however, little is known about eRNA persistence in the environment. Here I test species detection in zooplankton communities using eDNA and eRNA metabarcoding of two barcode markers (COI and 18S) across seven time points spanning from one hour to one month after organism removal. The metabarcoding results were validated with morphologically identified voucher specimens and mock communities. Community composition as detected by eDNA and eRNA was similar, however, species assignment at the COI and 18S markers differed. Zooplankton were detectable with eDNA throughout the experiment with the COI marker and at all but one time point with the 18S marker, whereas detection with eRNA ceased at 24 hours after organism removal for both markers, with only rare detections at 48 hours with 18S, and four and seven days with COI. There was an unexpected increase in detection at the 28-day time point for all methods, possibly due to concentration of eDNA and eRNA adhered to the container walls. Through comparing the two metabarcoding techniques, I have demonstrated that eRNA metabarcoding stops detecting zooplankton species shortly after organism removal, while detection by eDNA metabarcoding persists for at least seven days. Environmental RNA metabarcoding could be applied in parallel with eDNA metabarcoding to distinguish current, local diversity, which is particularly relevant for high-resolution sampling, such as for species at risk or invasive species monitoring. " --
Download or read book Biological Diversity written by Anne E. Magurran and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up to date review of the methods of measuring and assessing biological diversity, together with their application.
Download or read book Marine Genetics written by Antonio M. Solé-Cava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our current knowledge of marine organisms and the factors affecting their ecology, distribution and evolution has been revolutionised by the use, in the last 20 years, of molecular population genetics tools. This book is the result of a meeting of world-leading experts, in Rio de Janeiro, where the state of the art of this field was reviewed. Topics covered include the molecular analysis of bio-invasions, the recent developments in marine biotechnology, the factors affecting levels of genetic variation and population structure in marine organisms and their application to conservation biology, fisheries and aquaculture. This is the first book dedicated to the genetic study of marine organisms. It will be very useful to biology students, scientists and anyone working or simply interested in areas such as marine biology, zoology, ecology, and population and molecular genetics.
Download or read book The New Science of Metagenomics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-06-24 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although we can't usually see them, microbes are essential for every part of human life-indeed all life on Earth. The emerging field of metagenomics offers a new way of exploring the microbial world that will transform modern microbiology and lead to practical applications in medicine, agriculture, alternative energy, environmental remediation, and many others areas. Metagenomics allows researchers to look at the genomes of all of the microbes in an environment at once, providing a "meta" view of the whole microbial community and the complex interactions within it. It's a quantum leap beyond traditional research techniques that rely on studying-one at a time-the few microbes that can be grown in the laboratory. At the request of the National Science Foundation, five Institutes of the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Energy, the National Research Council organized a committee to address the current state of metagenomics and identify obstacles current researchers are facing in order to determine how to best support the field and encourage its success. The New Science of Metagenomics recommends the establishment of a "Global Metagenomics Initiative" comprising a small number of large-scale metagenomics projects as well as many medium- and small-scale projects to advance the technology and develop the standard practices needed to advance the field. The report also addresses database needs, methodological challenges, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in supporting this new field.
Download or read book Conservation Genetics written by V. Loeschcke and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-03-11 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It follows naturally from the widely accepted Darwinian dictum that failures of populations or of species to adapt and to evolve under changing environments will result in their extinction. Population geneti cists have proclaimed a centerstage role in developing conservation biology theory and applications. However, we must critically reexamine what we know and how we can make rational contributions. We ask: Is genetic variation really important for the persistence of species? Has any species become extinct because it ran out of genetic variation or because of inbreeding depression? Are demographic and environmental stochas ticity by far more important for the fate of a population or species than genetic stochasticity (genetic drift and inbreeding)? Is there more to genetics than being a tool for assessing reproductive units and migration rates? Does conventional wisdom on inbreeding and "magic numbers" or rules of thumb on critical effective population sizes (MVP estimators) reflect any useful guidelines in conservation biology? What messages or guidelines from genetics can we reliably provide to those that work with conservation in practice? Is empirical work on numerous threatened habitats and taxa gathering population genetic information that we can use to test these guidelines? These and other questions were raised in the invitation to a symposium on conservation genetics held in May 1993 in pleasant surroundings at an old manor house in southern Jutland, Denmark.
Download or read book Species Diversity and Genetic Diversity written by Mark Vellend and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The GEO Handbook on Biodiversity Observation Networks written by Michele Walters and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity observation systems are almost everywhere inadequate to meet local, national and international (treaty) obligations. As a result of alarmingly rapid declines in biodiversity in the modern era, there is a strong, worldwide desire to upgrade our monitoring systems, but little clarity on what is actually needed and how it can be assembled from the elements which are already present. This book intends to provide practical guidance to broadly-defined biodiversity observation networks at all scales, but predominantly the national scale and higher. This is a practical how-to book with substantial policy relevance. It will mostly be used by technical specialists with a responsibility for biodiversity monitoring to establish and refine their systems. It is written at a technical level, but one that is not discipline-bound: it should be intelligible to anyone in the broad field with a tertiary education.
Download or read book Environmental DNA written by Bonin Taberlet (Zinger, Coissac) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Biodiversity in the Phylogenomic Era written by Michael G. Campana and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Science in Assessing the Health Status of Marine Ecosystems 2nd Edition written by Angel Borja and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine management requires approaches which bring together the best research from the natural and social sciences. It requires stakeholders to be well-informed by science and to work across administrative and geographical boundaries, a feature especially important in the inter-connected marine environment. Marine management must ensure that the natural structure and functioning of ecosystems is maintained to provide ecosystem services. Once those marine ecosystem services have been created, they deliver societal goods as long as society inputs its skills, time, money and energy to gather those benefits. However, if societal goods and benefits are to be limitless, society requires appropriate administrative, legal and management mechanisms to ensure that the use of such benefits do not impact on environmental quality, but instead support its sustainable use.
Download or read book Introduction to Environmental Sciences written by R S Khoiyangbam and published by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental sciences is a vast and multidisciplinary science that involves the study of natural resources of land, water, and air. Introduction to Environmental Sciences comprehensively covers numerous aspects of this vast subject. While some chapters focus the causes of environmental problems, others discuss methods and ways of mitigating these causes.
Download or read book Molecular Tools for Screening Biodiversity written by A. Karp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mark Chase There are many literature resources available to molecular biologists wishing to assess genetic variation, but the myriad of techniques and approaches potentially available to the plant breeder and the evolutionary biologist is truly bewildering, and most have never been evaluated side-by-side on the same sets of samples. Additionally, it is often not recognized that tools that are useful for breeders can often be adapted for use in evolutionary studies and vice versa, but this is generally the case. The borderline between population genetics and phylogenetics is vague and difficult to assess, and a combination of both types of tools is best when it is not clear with which area one is dealing. Furthermore, it is not now appropriate to use just one type of marker in any kind of study; most markers have the potential to misinform under certain conditions, so it is always wise to incorporate at least two different types of assessments into any project. This volume is designed to facilitate this sort of multiple approach and provides comparative data on most currently available methods so that researchers can more intelligently select those appropriate to their area of interest, regardless of whether it is in the realm of breeding or evolutionary biology.
Download or read book Exploring the Genetic Diversity of Marine Organisms Based on the Analysis of Chromosome and Genomic DNA Markers written by Dongdong Xu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
