Download or read book Environmental Determinants of Physical Activity Among Pre adolescents written by Katharine Emma Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
Download or read book Physical Activity in Childhood and Adolescence written by 何家榮 and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Psychosocial and Environmental Determinants of Physical Activity in Elementary School Children written by Jiying Ling and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: Childhood obesity has become a national public health crisis in America. Physical activity has been shown to be one key for controlling childhood obesity, but little is known about the mediators and moderators in physical activity promotion models. In particular, the immediate time afterschool provides an important opportunity for children to be active, only 20% of their afterschool time is used for physical activity. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to explore the psychosocial and environmental determinants of physical activity, and to examine the influence of wearing pedometers on the hypothesized determinants (physical activity self-efficacy, physical activity enjoyment, perceived parental influence, and perceived environment) of physical activity, among elementary school children attending afterschool programs, Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used to explore the determinants of physical activity in 133 children enrolled in afterschool programs. In addition, a pretest-posttest study was conducted to examine the influence of wearing pedometers on the hypothesized determinants of physical activity among a subsample of 50 randomly selected children. Children's physical activity levels were assessed by a seven-day recall scale, and seven consecutive days' pedometer steps. Results: Approximately 49% of the children were overweight or obese, but only 13% of the children met national physical activity recommendations. Overweight or obese children took fewer pedometer steps than non-overweight children, and pedometer steps were negatively related to children's BMI. Wearing pedometers did not have a significant influence on the hypothesized determinants of physical activity. No evidence of the reactivity of wearing pedometers was found. Perceived parental influence partially mediated the relationships of physical activity self-efficacy and physical activity enjoyment with physical activity. For self-reported physical activity levels, physical activity enjoyment had the strongest effect on physical activity followed by physical activity self-efficacy. Perceived parental influence had the strongest effect on physical activity measured by pedometers. Conclusions: Pedometers are a reliable measurement instrument to assess elementary school children's physical activity. Perceived parental influence has the primary effect on children's self-reported physical activity levels and number of pedometer steps. Future physical activity interventions should target parental influence to improve children's physical activity levels and control childhood obesity.
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Download or read book Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior written by Alan L. Smith and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2008-07-24 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As interest in the public health challenge of youth inactivity increases, the ambitious Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior sets a standard for addressing a problem with worldwide implications. Drawing on the contributions of a diverse group of international experts, this reference challenges professionals, researchers, and students to implement new solutions and further their research and work. No other text addresses the causes, contributing factors, and fundamental issues in dealing with youth physical activity with such depth or comprehensive coverage. Using a multidisciplinary approach, Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior breaks away from traditional thinking that places activity and sedentary behavior on a single continuum, which may limit progress in addressing youth inactivity. Instead, the authors encourage readers to focus on how sedentary and physically active behaviors coexist and consider how the two behaviors may have different determinants. In doing so, the text also considers developmental features such as maturation, ethnicity, environment, and genetics across both childhood (through age 12) and adolescence (the teen years). By looking at a variety of psychosocial and epidemiological factors, the authors set the stage for a critical analysis of beliefs and views at a time when many assumptions are taken for granted. This book is organized in three parts that build on one another to deepen readers’ understanding of this complex problem. This text begins by addressing the fundamental issues and assumptions pertaining to youth physical activity and sedentary behavior, covering such topics as measurement of the behavior in question, health outcomes, concepts, and trends in a public health context. Once readers have grasped this foundational knowledge, they advance to part II for a comprehensive account of personal factors likely to be associated with the problem. Part III moves beyond the individual into the wider social and contextual aspects of physically active and sedentary living in young people. Through this concluding part, readers gain the latest thinking on how parents, peers, schools, organized sport, and related factors link to youth physical activity and sedentary behavior. Each chapter presents the latest theory and research, real-world approaches to implementation, and background information to encourage discussion and future directions in national policy making. Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior also contains the following features that add to an unprecedented learning experience: •An at-a-glance look at why and how research can be used in the real world helps researchers relate their work to overall solutions. •Coverage of more issues related to this subject than are available in any other reference makes this a one-stop resource. •Internationally respected foreword writer, editors, and contributors provide a cross-disciplinary perspective valuable for putting solutions into a wider context. •Applications for Professionals boxes and Applications for Researchers boxes at the end of each chapter provide practical suggestions for implementing solutions. Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Challenges and Solutions considers current research about youth physical activity and sedentary behavior across a range of personal factors as well as cultural and social influences. The text communicates the knowledge base on developmental, economic, psychological, and social factors related to youth physical activity and sedentary behavior and provides an overview of youth-specific approaches to addressing the problem of inactivity among youth.
Download or read book Environmental Determinants of Levels and Patterns of Physical Activity Among 9 11 Year Old Children written by Dina Mahmoud Qahwaji and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity Among Children Adolescents and Parents written by Stephen Grant Samuel Hunter and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Most Canadians are inactive. Given insufficient physical activity is linked to multiple chronic diseases and mortality, increasing physical activity has become a public health priority. To inform future interventions, modifiable correlates and determinants of physical activity need to be identified. Local, national, and international policy documents have highlighted the importance of creating active living environments that promote regular physical activity. While several behvioural settings exist, neighbourhoods provide opportunities for both structured and unstructured physical activity opportunities for multiple ages. However, before modifying existing environments or developing new active living environments, it is first important to consider the features that promote physical activity. Further, for active living environments to have a sustainable impact, identifying features that promote physical activity across multiple ages groups is important. Therefore, the overall purpose of this dissertation is to identify environmental correlates of physical activity across multiple age groups (preschool children, school-aged children, adolescents, adults) within the neighbourhood setting. Methods: Three studies were conducted. In study one, parents were surveyed regarding the features of their neighbourhood environment that they perceived as important to their own physical activity as well as their children's physical activity and parent-child coactivity. In study two, associations of objectively measured walkability and parental perceptions of the environment with children's physical activity (i.e., daily step counts, parent reported physical activity) were examined using data from the SHAPES of Things to Come project. In study three, the longitudinal associations between the objectively measured built environment surrounding schools and self-reported physical activity and active mode of transport among adolescents were examined using data from the COMPASS project. Results: In study 1, several neighbourhood features, related to destinations, design, social, safety and aesthetics, were identified by the majority of parents as important for their own physical activity, their child's active play, and parent-child coactivity. There were several significant differences in the proportions of parents who identified features as relevant between activity types (parent physical activity, child active play, parent-child coactivity). Few differences were observed by household income. In study two, objectively measured walkability was not associated with children's steps or parent reported physical activity. However, significant associations were observed for neighbourhood aesthetics and traffic hazards with parental reported physical activity, along with walking and cycling infrastructure during the winter months. In study 3, significant associations were observed between retail-, park-, and recreation center- densities along with Walk Scores in the school neighbourhood environment with adolescent MVPA and active school travel. Students attending schools in environments considered very walkable had an increased likelihood of active school travel and maintained higher MVPA over time. Conclusion: Across all three studies, there is evidence to suggest features that support walking is important for preschool children's active play, parents' recreational physical activity and coactivity with their children, along with school-aged children's parent reported physical activity, and adolescent's self-reported active school travel and MVPA. Finding ways to incorporate features that support walking into home and school neighbourhoods could promote physical activity across age groups. More longitudinal research that accounts for behavioural and context-specificity, multiple activity settings and their characteristics, and intra- and inter- personal characteristics is needed.
Download or read book Environmental Influences on Physical Activity Among Adolescents Studies on Determinants and Intervention Strategies written by Richard Geuchien Prins and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Activity in Underserved Preadolescent Youth written by Alma Isabel Behar and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The increasing rates of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors in youth (ages 6-17 years) are a significant public health concern. Physical activity (PA) levels decline with age starting in preadolescence, with marked disparities among underserved (racial/ethnic minority, low-income) youth, particularly girls. Factors within the social and physical environments appear to influence youth PA, but few studies have investigated their potential impact on accelerometer-measured activity of underserved youth. Purpose: This study examines how multi-level factors (individual: age, sex, BMI; social: transportation support; environmental: neighborhood characteristics) interact to influence a continuum of accelerometer-measured youth activity behaviors. Methods: Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days. PA levels were classified as sedentary (50 mg), light (50-150 mg), moderate (150-500 mg), vigorous (>500mg), and MVPA (>=150 mg). Average daily minutes spent in PA and sedentary behaviors during waking time, the prevalence of meeting MVPA guidelines, and PA volume were estimated from accelerometer data. Three-way between-groups multivariate analysis of variance examined adjusted differences between age, sex, and weight status groups across activity outcomes. Main moderation analyses explored the effects of parent-perceived neighborhood environment and child BMI percentile in the relationship between transportation support and total child PA. Results: Participants (N=68, Mage= 9.2 years) spent an average of 103 minutes/day in MVPA and 50% of participants met MVPA guidelines. Youth engaged in more overall PA (p
Download or read book Individual Social and Physical Environment Determinants of Physical Activity Among Adolescent Grades 10 12 in a Suburban Region written by Joan Furman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity written by Transportation Research Board and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2005-01-11 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research.
Download or read book Natural Play Healthy Play written by Sherry L. Schweighardt and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of obesity among young children has markedly increased over the past two decades, with more than one-third of American preschoolers now overweight or obese and at risk for lifelong health problems. Physical activity is a recommended obesity prevention strategy, yet preschoolers typically fail to meet recommended daily physical activity guidelines, spending just 15 minutes engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity, compared to six sedentary hours daily. Unstructured play in settings with varied features, such as childcare center playgrounds, potentially plays a significant role in increasing the amount of time preschoolers spend in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The purposes of this study were first, to compare the intensity and type of preschoolers' physical activity across four distinctly different outdoor play settings; second, to identify particular features in each play setting associated with MVPA and sedentary behavior; and, third, to identify, test, and evaluate environmental modifications to increase preschoolers' MVPA in outdoor play settings. Seventeen 3-5 year-old children participated in repeated unstructured play sessions featuring 16 min of play in each of 4 novel settings: a traditional climber, a wooded natural area, a garden, and an adventure, or "loose parts" playground. Interventions to increase physical activity were introduced to the adventure playground during the first two phases, and to all four settings during the third phase. Physical activity intensity was measured using ActiGraph GT3x+ activity monitors and contextual information concerning motor skills was obtained by trained observers using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC), adapted to the age and environment of the study. Results show that both play setting design theme and the composition of specific play features within the setting impact the type of motor skills children perform and the amount of MVPA young children accumulate during unstructured play. Findings additionally demonstrate that simple, low-cost modifications to play settings can increase MVPA for targeted subgroups and individual children; outcomes were setting-specific. Study results may be useful to public health and medical workers, parents, educators, playground designers, community planners, and policy makers who focus on increasing preschool children's daily MVPA and decreasing childhood obesity.
Download or read book Development of Measures for the Study of Environmental Neighborhood and Family Determinants of Physical Activity in Hong Kong Preschoolers written by Yi-Nam Suen and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Development of Measures for the Study of Environmental Neighborhood and Family Determinants of Physical Activity in Hong Kong Preschoolers" by Yi-nam, Suen, 孫伊南, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Motivations: The prevalence of childhood obesity in Hong Kong has been increasing in the last couple of decades. Childhood obesity may lead to adverse health outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Regular engagement in physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of childhood obesity. The establishment of an active lifestyle needs to start in early childhood as PA behavior in the preschool age tracks to childhood and adulthood. To achieve this goal, modifiable determinants of Hong Kong preschoolers'' PA and sedentary behaviors need to be identified. However, measures of such determinants appropriate for Hong Kong preschoolers and their primary caregivers were lacking. Thus, this PhD project focused on the development and validation of culturally- and linguistically-appropriate measures of neighborhood environmental and family factors that may contribute to an active lifestyle in Hong Kong preschoolers. Methods: This project was based on a socio-ecological model of Hong Kong preschoolers'' PA and sedentary behaviors. It included qualitative and quantitative studies. Fifty-six primary caregivers (mainly parents) of Hong Kong Chinese preschoolers participated in the qualitative stage, including an unstructured focus group, individual interviews, cognitive interviews and nominal group technique sessions for the purpose of the development of new scales assessing PA-related parental practices and informal social control, and the adaptation and translation (into Chinese) of seven extant questionnaires of relevant neighborhood variables. The quantitative stage of the project involved the assessment of test-retest reliability and internal consistency of all instruments (n=61); an evaluation of the factorial validity of two newly-developed scales via confirmatory factor analysis (n=394); and, the assessment of the construct validity of the instruments and proposed model of PA. The latter component of the project entailed an analysis of correlates of PA-related parental practices (n=411) and those of preschoolers'' PA and sedentary behaviors (n=164). Results: Two preliminary instruments were developed in the qualitative stage: (1) Physical Activity Parental Practices for Preschoolers - Hong Kong (PAPPP-HK) and (2) PA-related Informal Social Control. Seven extant neighborhood-related questionnaires and two newly-developed scales were tested by cognitive interviews and minor changes were made. All nine instruments showed acceptable to excellent levels of test-retest reliability and internal consistency. The final measurement models for PAPPP-Encouragement consisted of two subscales and that for PAPPP-Discouragement had four subscales. All measurement models showed moderate to good fit to the data. The final measurement model for PA-related Informal Social Control showed acceptable fit and had three subscales. Neighborhood environmental factors were found to be associated with parental practices discouraging PA only, while socio-demographic and family characteristics were significantly correlated with parental practices encouraging and discouraging PA. This study also found that neighborhood, parental and family characteristics contributed to the explanation of preschoolers'' PA and sedentary behaviors. Significance: This study developed culturally- and linguistically-appropriate, reliable and valid measures of family and
Download or read book Environmental and Social Determinants for Physical Activity Behavior written by Linda Joy Neff and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perceived Environmental Factors and Physical Activity in Mid adolescent Females written by Christina Margaret Koro and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-10 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments-with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues-are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels-federal, state, and local-in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators.
