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Book Software Architect   s Handbook

Download or read book Software Architect s Handbook written by Joseph Ingeno and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to exploring software architecture concepts and implementing best practices Key Features Enhance your skills to grow your career as a software architect Design efficient software architectures using patterns and best practices Learn how software architecture relates to an organization as well as software development methodology Book Description The Software Architect’s Handbook is a comprehensive guide to help developers, architects, and senior programmers advance their career in the software architecture domain. This book takes you through all the important concepts, right from design principles to different considerations at various stages of your career in software architecture. The book begins by covering the fundamentals, benefits, and purpose of software architecture. You will discover how software architecture relates to an organization, followed by identifying its significant quality attributes. Once you have covered the basics, you will explore design patterns, best practices, and paradigms for efficient software development. The book discusses which factors you need to consider for performance and security enhancements. You will learn to write documentation for your architectures and make appropriate decisions when considering DevOps. In addition to this, you will explore how to design legacy applications before understanding how to create software architectures that evolve as the market, business requirements, frameworks, tools, and best practices change over time. By the end of this book, you will not only have studied software architecture concepts but also built the soft skills necessary to grow in this field. What you will learn Design software architectures using patterns and best practices Explore the different considerations for designing software architecture Discover what it takes to continuously improve as a software architect Create loosely coupled systems that can support change Understand DevOps and how it affects software architecture Integrate, refactor, and re-architect legacy applications Who this book is for The Software Architect’s Handbook is for you if you are a software architect, chief technical officer (CTO), or senior developer looking to gain a firm grasp of software architecture.

Book Enterprise Architecture

Download or read book Enterprise Architecture written by Gopala Krishna Behara and published by Anclote Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bicycle shed is a building, but the Lincoln Cathedral is a piece of architecture. -Nicholaus Pevsner, architectural historian ______________________________________________________________ Traditional building architecture and enterprise architecture use similar processes for developing their respective end products. The architect calls upon architecture's first principles and combines them with the experience of doing architecture in the real world. Experienced architects apply first principles and add practical experience to integrate fit, balance and compromise into the architectural process. Qualified enterprise architects possess applied first principles including the understanding that most architectural decisions are driven by business decisions, particularly business investment decisions. This book brings the reader the insights from two enterprise architects with decades of real-world experience. The book consolidates the examples and experiences of innovative uses of enterprise architecture in enhancing transformation initiatives. The book clearly fills a gap in the current literature, and amplifies the role of enterprise architecture in building future-ready enterprises, an essential trait of all successful enterprises. Read it, learn from it, and put it to work for the future of your enterprise.

Book Solutions Architect s Handbook

Download or read book Solutions Architect s Handbook written by Saurabh Shrivastava and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2020-03-21 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From fundamentals and design patterns to the different strategies for creating secure and reliable architectures in AWS cloud, learn everything you need to become a successful solutions architect Key Features Create solutions and transform business requirements into technical architecture with this practical guide Understand various challenges that you might come across while refactoring or modernizing legacy applications Delve into security automation, DevOps, and validation of solution architecture Book DescriptionBecoming a solutions architect gives you the flexibility to work with cutting-edge technologies and define product strategies. This handbook takes you through the essential concepts, design principles and patterns, architectural considerations, and all the latest technology that you need to know to become a successful solutions architect. This book starts with a quick introduction to the fundamentals of solution architecture design principles and attributes that will assist you in understanding how solution architecture benefits software projects across enterprises. You'll learn what a cloud migration and application modernization framework looks like, and will use microservices, event-driven, cache-based, and serverless patterns to design robust architectures. You'll then explore the main pillars of architecture design, including performance, scalability, cost optimization, security, operational excellence, and DevOps. Additionally, you'll also learn advanced concepts relating to big data, machine learning, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Finally, you'll get to grips with the documentation of architecture design and the soft skills that are necessary to become a better solutions architect. By the end of this book, you'll have learned techniques to create an efficient architecture design that meets your business requirements.What you will learn Explore the various roles of a solutions architect and their involvement in the enterprise landscape Approach big data processing, machine learning, and IoT from an architect s perspective and understand how they fit into modern architecture Discover different solution architecture patterns such as event-driven and microservice patterns Find ways to keep yourself updated with new technologies and enhance your skills Modernize legacy applications with the help of cloud integration Get to grips with choosing an appropriate strategy to reduce cost Who this book is for This book is for software developers, system engineers, DevOps engineers, architects, and team leaders working in the information technology industry who aspire to become solutions architect professionals. A good understanding of the software development process and general programming experience with any language will be useful.

Book Handbook on Enterprise Architecture

Download or read book Handbook on Enterprise Architecture written by Peter Bernus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is about methods, tools and examples of how to architect an enterprise through considering all life cycle aspects of Enterprise Entities. It is based on ISO15704:2000, or the GERAM Framework. A wide audience is addressed, as the handbook covers methods and tools necessary to design or redesign enterprises, as well as those necessary to structure the implementation into manageable projects.

Book Handbook of Enterprise Systems Architecture in Practice

Download or read book Handbook of Enterprise Systems Architecture in Practice written by Saha, Pallab and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2007-03-31 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is a valuable addition to the reading list of executives, managers, and staff in business, government, and other sectors who seek to keep their enterprises agile and efficient as they manage change, implement new business processes and supporting technologies, and pursue important strategic goals"--Provided by publisher.

Book Guide to Enterprise IT Architecture

Download or read book Guide to Enterprise IT Architecture written by Col Perks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-02 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date and comprehensive overview of information and database systems design and implementation. The book provides an accessible presentation and explanation of technical architecture for systems complying with TOGAF standards, the accepted international framework. Covering nearly the full spectrum of architectural concern, the authors also illustrate and concretize the notion of traceability from business goals, strategy through to technical architecture, providing the reader with a holistic and commanding view. The work has two mutually supportive foci. First, information technology technical architecture, the in-depth, illustrative and contemporary treatment of which comprises the core and majority of the book; and secondly, a strategic and business context.

Book Certified Enterprise Architect All in One Exam Guide

Download or read book Certified Enterprise Architect All in One Exam Guide written by Beryl Bellman and published by McGraw-Hill Education. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. This effective study guide offers comprehensive coverage of topics comprising the enterprise architecture body of knowledge. This unique resource provides detailed coverage and lays out actionable methodologies and best practices to create and maintain successful EA models, artifacts and building blocks. It helps prepare readers to take any of the various EA certification exams and academic courses in enterprise architecture. This highly effective self-study guide offers comprehensive coverage of all topics in the enterprise architecture body of knowledge. Written by a team of experienced academics, practitioners, and professionals, the book takes a holistic look at the practice of enterprise architecture. You will get actionable methodologies and best practices and learn how to develop, deploy, and maintain successful enterprise architecture models, artifacts, and building blocks. Designed to help you prepare for certification, the Certified Enterprise Architect All-in-One Exam Guide also serves as an essential on-the-job reference. Coverage includes: • Enterprise architecture foundation concepts • Planning the enterprise architecture • Enterprise architecture development, governance, and maintenance • Defense frameworks • Viewpoints and views • The Zachman Framework • The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) • The Common Approach to Federal Enterprise Architecture • FEAF2 • Comparison of frameworks • Case Study integrated throughout the text • And much more

Book Enterprise Architect   s Handbook

Download or read book Enterprise Architect s Handbook written by Dr. Vishwakarma J S and published by BPB Publications. This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Build Enterprise Systems Right KEY FEATURES ● Access to real-world design and building resources, including tools, templates, and more. ● Real-world examples and step-by-step instructions on what to avoid as you begin your enterprise architecture journey. ● Proficiency in all stages of the architecture and design deployment process. DESCRIPTION These days, more than ever, enterprise architects are the driving forces behind digital transformation initiatives and the vital link between IT and business. This book enables the readers to become self-sufficient Enterprise Architects by enabling them to understand the business strategy and design the technology landscape, encompassing systems, data, applications, platforms, and enterprise tools, following that strategy. To comprehend the technology landscape, topics such as Stakeholder Matrix, HeatMaps, Value Stream Mapping, ERDs, Infrastructure, and Network diagrams are discussed in depth in this book. The book also covers numerous approaches for measuring the effectiveness of architecture implementation, including Balanced ScoreCards, OKRs, and Value Drivers – Design Thinking. This book instructs readers on how to create data pillars for complex, interconnected corporate systems. The book teaches you how to implement various architectures, including service-oriented architecture. It describes and illustrates popular tools used by Architectural teams and professionals. The primary objective of this book is to match business requirements with the technical infrastructure that supports the service delivery team, business development team, and IT Integration team. This book ensures that the technologies chosen and how they are applied, satisfy the business goals of organizations and their customers. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Architecture Strategy and Frameworks like TOGAF. ● Enterprise Architecture Maturity Assessment. ● Architecture Design and its Model Development. ● Selection of tools for Database, Application Design, Security, and Enterprise. ● Storage, Cloud Computing Infrastructure, and Application Deployment. ● Proof of Concept, Technology Stack Analysis, and Vendor Selection. ● Architecture Audit and Compliance, Data Governance. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR Enterprise Architects, Business Managers, Technology Advisors, Functional Consultants, and Solution Architects who play a critical role in implementing the business plan into action through technology enablement will find a wealth of useful information in this book, whether they are just starting their journey or have years of experience under their belts. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Understanding Your Organization’s Current Landscape - Complexities and Priorities 2. Strategic Direction, Value Drivers, and Expected Business Outcomes 3. B.A.I.T (Business Processes, Application, Information and Technology) in Context 4. Mind the GAP 5. Future Needs Perfect Execution - Setting Stage 6. Let’s Set the Course for Enterprise Architecture 7. Strategic Themes and Architecture Enablers 8. Getting Started with Architecture Framework and Building Blocks 9. Defining the Architecture - Getting It Right 10. Solution Architecture and Roadmap 11. Architecture Governance 12. Architecture Tool and Reuse (ARIS as Sample) 13. Let’s Get it Done - Transition and Tracking

Book The Machine Learning Solutions Architect Handbook

Download or read book The Machine Learning Solutions Architect Handbook written by David Ping and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Build highly secure and scalable machine learning platforms to support the fast-paced adoption of machine learning solutions Key Features Explore different ML tools and frameworks to solve large-scale machine learning challenges in the cloud Build an efficient data science environment for data exploration, model building, and model training Learn how to implement bias detection, privacy, and explainability in ML model development Book DescriptionWhen equipped with a highly scalable machine learning (ML) platform, organizations can quickly scale the delivery of ML products for faster business value realization. There is a huge demand for skilled ML solutions architects in different industries, and this handbook will help you master the design patterns, architectural considerations, and the latest technology insights you’ll need to become one. You’ll start by understanding ML fundamentals and how ML can be applied to solve real-world business problems. Once you've explored a few leading problem-solving ML algorithms, this book will help you tackle data management and get the most out of ML libraries such as TensorFlow and PyTorch. Using open source technology such as Kubernetes/Kubeflow to build a data science environment and ML pipelines will be covered next, before moving on to building an enterprise ML architecture using Amazon Web Services (AWS). You’ll also learn about security and governance considerations, advanced ML engineering techniques, and how to apply bias detection, explainability, and privacy in ML model development. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to design and build an ML platform to support common use cases and architecture patterns like a true professional. What you will learn Apply ML methodologies to solve business problems Design a practical enterprise ML platform architecture Implement MLOps for ML workflow automation Build an end-to-end data management architecture using AWS Train large-scale ML models and optimize model inference latency Create a business application using an AI service and a custom ML model Use AWS services to detect data and model bias and explain models Who this book is for This book is for data scientists, data engineers, cloud architects, and machine learning enthusiasts who want to become machine learning solutions architects. You’ll need basic knowledge of the Python programming language, AWS, linear algebra, probability, and networking concepts before you get started with this handbook.

Book Enterprise Architecture as Strategy

Download or read book Enterprise Architecture as Strategy written by Jeanne W. Ross and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enterprise architecture defines a firm's needs for standardized tasks, job roles, systems, infrastructure, and data in core business processes. This book explains enterprise architecture's vital role in enabling - or constraining - the execution of business strategy. It provides frameworks, case examples, and more.

Book Enterprise Security Architecture

Download or read book Enterprise Security Architecture written by Nicholas Sherwood and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-15 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Security is too important to be left in the hands of just one department or employee-it's a concern of an entire enterprise. Enterprise Security Architecture shows that having a comprehensive plan requires more than the purchase of security software-it requires a framework for developing and maintaining a system that is proactive. The book is based

Book Business Architecture

Download or read book Business Architecture written by Jonathan Whelan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizations today exist in an environment of unprecedented change. They do so against a backdrop of a global, competitive marketplace, the fast-paced enablement of technology, amplified regulation and accelerating organizational complexity. Many organizations are addressing change in a sub-optimal way and they are operating without a clear view of where their operational risks lie. It is these dynamics that are leading organizations to recognise and embrace Business Architecture. Despite this environment, Business Architecture can be a difficult ’sell’ - it is often perceived to be abstract and lacking in tangible delivery. To succeed, Business Architecture must be pragmatic and, to be sustainable, it must focus on achieving long-term value and, at the same time, recognise the shorter-term tactical needs of the organisation. With these challenges in mind, this book provides a practical guide on how to employ Business Architecture and how to build a balanced proposition that delivers value to a broad range of stakeholders. As the book states, Business Architecture should not be practised in isolation, nor should it be thought of as a one-off process; it needs to be woven into the fabric of the organization. And so the authors illustrate the opportunities for weaving the Business Architecture Practice into this fabric through the various stakeholders and life cycles that exist, both formally and informally, within an organization. Whilst recognizing best practice, this book explores a new, inspirational level of Business Architecture whilst acknowledging that the best way to realize the vision is one step at a time.

Book Salesforce B2C Solution Architect s Handbook

Download or read book Salesforce B2C Solution Architect s Handbook written by Mike King and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultimate handbook for new and seasoned Salesforce B2C Solution Architects who want to design seamless B2C solutions across the Salesforce Customer 360 ecosystem – including B2C Commerce, Service Cloud, and Marketing Cloud Key Features Give your customers a frictionless experience by creating a unified view of all their interactions Get your architectural design right the first time and avoid costly reworks Prepare for the B2C Solution Architect exam and Salesforce certification with practical scenarios following Salesforce best practices Book DescriptionThere’s a huge demand on the market for Salesforce professionals who can create a single view of the customer across the Salesforce Customer 360 platform and leverage data into actionable insights. With Salesforce B2C Solution Architect's Handbook, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of the integration options and products that help you deliver value for organizations. While this book will help you prepare for the B2C Solution Architect exam, its true value lies in setting you up for success afterwards. The first few chapters will help you develop a solid understanding of the capabilities of each component in the Customer 360 ecosystem, their data models, and governance. As you progress, you'll explore the role of a B2C solution architect in planning critical requirements and implementation sequences to avoid costly reworks and unnecessary delays. You’ll learn about the available options for integrating products with the Salesforce ecosystem and demonstrate best practices for data modeling across Salesforce products and beyond. Once you’ve mastered the core knowledge, you'll also learn about tools, techniques, and certification scenarios in preparation for the B2C Solution Architect exam. By the end of this book, you’ll have the skills to design scalable, secure, and future-proof solutions supporting critical business demands.What you will learn Explore key Customer 360 products and their integration options Choose the optimum integration architecture to unify data and experiences Architect a single view of the customer to support service, marketing, and commerce Plan for critical requirements, design decisions, and implementation sequences to avoid sub-optimal solutions Integrate Customer 360 solutions into a single-source-of-truth solution such as a master data model Support business needs that require functionality from more than one component by orchestrating data and user flows Who this book is for This book is for professionals in high-level job roles that heavily rely on Salesforce proficiency. It’s primarily written for B2C commerce architects, application architects, integration architects, as well as system architects, enterprise architects, Salesforce architects, and CTO teams looking to benefit from a deeper understanding of this platform. Before you get started, you’ll need a solid understanding of data integration, APIs, and connected systems, along with knowledge of the fundamentals of business-to-consumer (B2C) customer experiences.

Book Salesforce Architect s Handbook

Download or read book Salesforce Architect s Handbook written by Dipanker Jyoti and published by Apress. This book was released on 2021-01-08 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Take a deep dive into the architectural approach, best practices, and key considerations needed to comprehend, evaluate, and design an efficient, scalable, and sustainable Salesforce-based solution. This book takes a comprehensive look at the seven architectural domains that must be considered when architecting a Salesforce-based solution and equips you to develop the artifacts needed for an end-to-end enterprise architecture blueprint for Salesforce implementation and DevOps. This must-have handbook helps Salesforce professionals implement and manage Salesforce in their organization. You will learn Salesforce architecture: solution architecture, data architecture, security architecture, integration architecture, identity and access management architecture, and strategies that can be used for Salesforce-based mobile applications. In addition to the main architecture concepts, the book also offers industry best practices and the recommended framework for approaching, managing, delivering, and continuously improving a Salesforce solution using its Salesforce Development & Deployment Lifecycle. What You Will Learn Get a detailed overview of the Salesforce multi-tenant, metadata-driven architectural framework and the under-the-hood technology stack that supports Salesforce Know the seven architecture domains, their intricacies, and the considerations needed within each when designing a Salesforce solution Have an architectural mindset and the artifacts needed to architect an end-to-end enterprise-level implementation of Salesforce Be familiar with the most common Salesforce products, licenses, AppExchange products, and the key considerations of using out-of-the-box declarative capabilities vs custom programmatic capabilities of Salesforce Understand data architecture design considerations that include data modeling in Salesforce, identifying and mitigating large data volume concerns, and the key considerations for data migration and data archiving strategies Understand security architecture considerations related to securing data within Salesforce and the various approaches to allow or restrict sharing and visibility from within Salesforce Understand integration architecture considerations that provide an overview of the integration patterns and the integrations solutions that can be used with Salesforce to connect Salesforce with a remote system hosted on-premises, on the cloud, or by third-party solution providers Understand identity and access management architectural considerations across the 9 stages of an identity and access management lifecycle Be aware of the strategies available to design mobile solutions with Salesforce and the options available for Salesforce mobile architecture Employ the principles of the DevOps & Development Lifecycle needed for an ideal state Salesforce implementation Who This Book Is For Professionals interested in implementing, optimizing, and architecting Salesforce solutions enterprise-wide; Salesforce implementation (SI) partners needing a detailed playbook for architecting and delivering successful Salesforce solutions; Salesforce admins, developers, and architects looking for a one-stop educational resource to mastering the Salesforce architect domains or those pursuing the Salesforce architecture domain certification exams, including the Salesforce Certified Technical Architect (CTA) board exam

Book The Software Architect Elevator

Download or read book The Software Architect Elevator written by Gregor Hohpe and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the digital economy changes the rules of the game for enterprises, the role of software and IT architects is also transforming. Rather than focus on technical decisions alone, architects and senior technologists need to combine organizational and technical knowledge to effect change in their company’s structure and processes. To accomplish that, they need to connect the IT engine room to the penthouse, where the business strategy is defined. In this guide, author Gregor Hohpe shares real-world advice and hard-learned lessons from actual IT transformations. His anecdotes help architects, senior developers, and other IT professionals prepare for a more complex but rewarding role in the enterprise. This book is ideal for: Software architects and senior developers looking to shape the company’s technology direction or assist in an organizational transformation Enterprise architects and senior technologists searching for practical advice on how to navigate technical and organizational topics CTOs and senior technical architects who are devising an IT strategy that impacts the way the organization works IT managers who want to learn what’s worked and what hasn’t in large-scale transformation

Book Enterprise Architecture Function

Download or read book Enterprise Architecture Function written by Ingo Arnold and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a method to plan, develop, validate, or evolve the design of an enterprise architecture function so that it fully meets the organization’s needs. The reader will benefit from this book in two ways. First, it provides a structured overview and orientation to the subject of architecture from an architecture function perspective. Second, it guides through the process of planning, building, and operating your own architecture organization based on a generic architecture function blueprint presented in the form of a pattern language offering a structured means for navigating, contextualizing, combining, and composing the architecture function patterns. The book is structured in six chapters. Chapter 1 “Introduction” explains the starting position and objectives of the book and introduces key concepts that will be explained further in subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 “Architecture Function Pattern Language” introduces the concepts of pattern, pattern catalogue, pattern topology, and ontology and explains how these concepts are combined to form a pattern language for planning, designing, and operating an architecture function. Next, Chapter 3 “Architecture Function – Context“ introduces concepts that are crucial for understanding the challenges that an architecture function faces and presents a generic schema for the business organizations and value chain. Chapter 4 “Architecture Function – Challenge” looks at an architecture function from a black box perspective and outlines the expectations and requirements that companies place on architecture organizations. It discusses the building blocks of an architecture function, the services it provides along the enterprise value chain, and the quality attributes that enterprises expect from their functions. Chapter 5 “Architecture Function – Constitution” then shifts from a black-box perspective to a white-box perspective and outlines the generic design of an architecture function in order to realize functional and quality-related requirements. Chapter 6 “Pattern Catalogue“ eventually introduces the pattern catalogue with a total of 48 architecture function patterns. These patterns suggest designs for collaboration between the architecture function and enterprise organizations, for the elaboration and development of enterprise services along the enterprise value chain, or for aligning architecture governance with enterprise governance. The book is intended for a broad readership, including enterprise, domain, and solution architects, lecturers and students, and anyone else interested in understanding the value proposition, responsibilities, outcomes, methods, and practices of architecture functions. It introduces the basic concepts and theories needed to understand the pattern language presented and the patterns it summarizes.

Book Fundamentals of Software Architecture

Download or read book Fundamentals of Software Architecture written by Mark Richards and published by O'Reilly Media. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salary surveys worldwide regularly place software architect in the top 10 best jobs, yet no real guide exists to help developers become architects. Until now. This book provides the first comprehensive overview of software architecture’s many aspects. Aspiring and existing architects alike will examine architectural characteristics, architectural patterns, component determination, diagramming and presenting architecture, evolutionary architecture, and many other topics. Mark Richards and Neal Ford—hands-on practitioners who have taught software architecture classes professionally for years—focus on architecture principles that apply across all technology stacks. You’ll explore software architecture in a modern light, taking into account all the innovations of the past decade. This book examines: Architecture patterns: The technical basis for many architectural decisions Components: Identification, coupling, cohesion, partitioning, and granularity Soft skills: Effective team management, meetings, negotiation, presentations, and more Modernity: Engineering practices and operational approaches that have changed radically in the past few years Architecture as an engineering discipline: Repeatable results, metrics, and concrete valuations that add rigor to software architecture