Download or read book Energy Efficient VCSELs for Optical Interconnects written by Philip Moser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation provides the first systematic analysis of the dynamic energy efficiency of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for optical interconnects, a key technology to address the pressing ecological and economic issues of the exponentially growing energy consumption in data centers. Energy-efficient data communication is one of the most important fields in “Green Photonics” enabling higher bit rates at significantly reduced energy consumption per bit. In this thesis the static and dynamic properties of GaAs-based oxide-confined VCSELs emitting at 850 nm and 980 nm are analyzed and general rules for achieving energy-efficient data transmission using VCSELs at any wavelength are derived. These rules are verified in data transmission experiments leading to record energy-efficient data transmission across a wide range of multimode optical fiber distances and at high temperatures up to 85°C. Important trade-offs between energy efficiency, temperature stability, modulation bandwidth, low current-density operation and other VCSEL properties are revealed and discussed.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Oxide Confined VCSELs for Optical Interconnects in Data Centers and Supercomputers written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Speed Photonics Interconnects written by Lukas Chrostowski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic increases in processing power have rapidly scaled on-chip aggregate bandwidths into the Tb/s range. This necessitates a corresponding increase in the amount of data communicated between chips, so as not to limit overall system performance. To meet the increasing demand for interchip communication bandwidth, researchers are investigating the use of high-speed optical interconnect architectures. Unlike their electrical counterparts, optical interconnects offer high bandwidth and negligible frequency-dependent loss, making possible per-channel data rates of more than 10 Gb/s. High-Speed Photonics Interconnects explores some of the groundbreaking technologies and applications that are based on photonics interconnects. From the Evolution of High-Speed I/O Circuits to the Latest in Photonics Interconnects Packaging and Lasers Featuring contributions by experts from academia and industry, the book brings together in one volume cutting-edge research on various aspects of high-speed photonics interconnects. Contributors delve into a wide range of technologies, from the evolution of high-speed input/output (I/O) circuits to recent trends in photonics interconnects packaging. The book discusses the challenges associated with scaling I/O data rates and current design techniques. It also describes the major high-speed components, channel properties, and performance metrics. The book exposes readers to a myriad of applications enabled by photonics interconnects technology. Learn about Optical Interconnect Technologies Suitable for High-Density Integration with CMOS Chips This richly illustrated work details how optical interchip communication links have the potential to fully leverage increased data rates provided through complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology scaling at suitable power-efficiency levels. Keeping the mathematics to a minimum, it gives engineers, researchers, graduate students, and entrepreneurs a comprehensive overview of the dynamic landscape of high-speed photonics interconnects.

Download or read book Green Photonics and Electronics written by Gadi Eisenstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-18 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This books focuses on recent break-throughs in the development of a variety of photonic devices, serving distances ranging from mm to many km, together with their electronic counter-parts, e.g. the drivers for lasers, the amplifiers following the detectors and most important, the relevant advanced VLSI circuits. It explains that as a consequence of the increasing dominance of optical interconnects for high performance workstation clusters and supercomputers their complete design has to be revised. This book thus covers for the first time the whole variety of interdependent subjects contributing to green photonics and electronics, serving communication and energy harvesting. Alternative approaches to generate electric power using organic photovoltaic solar cells, inexpensive and again energy efficient in production are summarized. In 2015, the use of the internet consumed 5-6% of the raw electricity production in developed countries. Power consumption increases rapidly and without some transformational change will use, by the middle of the next decade at the latest, the entire electricity production. This apocalyptic outlook led to a redirection of the focus of data center and HPC developers from just increasing bit rates and capacities to energy efficiency. The high speed interconnects are all based on photonic devices. These must and can be energy efficient but they operate in an electronic environment and therefore have to be considered in a wide scope that also requires low energy electronic devices, sophisticated circuit designs and clever architectures. The development of the next generation of high performance exaFLOP computers suffers from the same problem: Their energy consumption based on present device generations is essentially prohibitive.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Computing Electronics written by Santosh K. Kurinec and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our abundant computing infrastructure, performance improvements across most all application spaces are now severely limited by the energy dissipation involved in processing, storing, and moving data. The exponential increase in the volume of data to be handled by our computational infrastructure is driven in large part by unstructured data from countless sources. This book explores revolutionary device concepts, associated circuits, and architectures that will greatly extend the practical engineering limits of energy-efficient computation from device to circuit to system level. With chapters written by international experts in their corresponding field, the text investigates new approaches to lower energy requirements in computing. Features • Has a comprehensive coverage of various technologies • Written by international experts in their corresponding field • Covers revolutionary concepts at the device, circuit, and system levels

Download or read book Handbook of Optical Interconnects written by Shigeru Kawai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we reach the data transmission limits of copper wire and communications experts seek to bring the speed of long-haul fiber optics networks closer to access points, optical interconnects promise to provide efficient, high-speed data transmission for the next generation of networks and systems. They offer higher bit-rates, virtually no crosstalk, lower demands on power requirements and thermal management, and the possibility of two-dimensional channel arrays for chip-to-chip communication. The Handbook of Optical Interconnects introduces the systems and devices that will bring the speed and quality of optical transmission closer to the circuit board. Contributed by active experts, most from leading technology companies in the US and Japan, this outstanding handbook details various low-cost and small-size configurations, illustrates the discussion with more than 300 figures, and offers a look at the applications and future of this exciting and rapidly growing field. The book includes a detailed introduction to vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs); the use of optical interconnects in metropolitan, local-area, and access networks through FTTP (FTTH); and Jisso technologies, which are critical for developing low-cost, small-size modules. Driving down the size and cost of optical interconnects is vital for integrating these technologies into the network and onto microprocessors, and the Handbook of Optical Interconnects provides the knowledge and tools necessary to accomplish these goals.

Download or read book VCSELs written by Rainer Michalzik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The huge progress which has been achieved in the field is covered here, in the first comprehensive monograph on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) since eight years. Apart from chapters reviewing the research field and the laser fundamentals, there are comprehensive updates on red and blue emitting VCSELs, telecommunication VCSELs, optical transceivers, and parallel-optical links for computer interconnects. Entirely new contributions are made to the fields of vectorial three-dimensional optical modeling, single-mode VCSELs, polarization control, polarization dynamics, very-high-speed design, high-power emission, use of high-contrast gratings, GaInNAsSb long-wavelength VCSELs, optical video links, VCSELs for optical mice and sensing, as well as VCSEL-based laser printing. The book appeals to researchers, optical engineers and graduate students.

Download or read book Integrated Energy Efficient Silicon Modulators for Optical Interconnects written by Seyedreza Hosseini and published by . This book was released on 2018* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optical Interconnects for Data Centers written by Tolga Tekin and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current data centre networks, based on electronic packet switches, are experiencing an exponential increase in network traffic due to developments such as cloud computing. Optical interconnects have emerged as a promising alternative offering high throughput and reduced power consumption. Optical Interconnects for Data Centers reviews key developments in the use of optical interconnects in data centres and the current state of the art in transforming this technology into a reality. The book discusses developments in optical materials and components (such as single and multi-mode waveguides), circuit boards and ways the technology can be deployed in data centres. Optical Interconnects for Data Centers is a key reference text for electronics designers, optical engineers, communications engineers and R&D managers working in the communications and electronics industries as well as postgraduate researchers. Summarizes the state-of-the-art in this emerging field Presents a comprehensive review of all the key aspects of deploying optical interconnects in data centers, from materials and components, to circuit boards and methods for integration Contains contributions that are drawn from leading international experts on the topic

Download or read book VCSEL Industry written by Babu Dayal Padullaparthi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-29 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hands-on reference to the technical, commercial, and industrial aspects of VCSEL technology In VCSEL Industry: Communication and Sensing, a team of distinguished researchers and manufacturing professionals deliver a thorough and practical reference guide to vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for young entrepreneurs, investors, venture capitalists, and researchers. The authors offer comprehensive descriptions of the technology involved, as well as a robust exploration of the industry and commercial landscape in which VCSELs exist. The book contains numerous illustrations and schematics of the anatomy of VCSEL product developments and an insightful discussion of the proliferation of VCSELs in photonics and optics. There is also a dedicated section on photoreceivers used for VCSEL-based data communications and sensing. VCSEL Industry: Communication and Sensing provides readers with an accessible, commercial perspective of an important technology while offering just enough technical detail to make sense of the subject. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to VCSELs, including discussions of semiconductor lasers, materials, wavelengths, and why VCSELs are attractive for photonics applications Comprehensive explorations of the VCSEL industry, including market demands, an industry landscape, descriptions of commercial products based on VCSELs, and business models Practical discussions of VCSELs for data communication, including high-speed VCSELs, gain and parasitic effects on bandwidth and speed, and form factors and standards In-depth examinations of VCSEL arrays for sensing, including high-power VCSELs in consumer electronics Perfect for early-career researchers, engineers, entrepreneurs, investors, and managers, VCSEL Industry: Communication and Sensing will also prove to be an invaluable addition to the libraries of executives from across the semiconductor industry.

Download or read book Intra chip Free space Optical Interconnect written by Berkehan Ciftcioglu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The number of cores and their performance in microprocessors continue to increase with CMOS technology scaling. Communications between the processor cores and memory/processor interfaces will demand increasingly larger bandwidth, lower latency, and better signal integrity. A fundamental paradigm change therefore is required for intra- and inter-chip interconnects. Optical interconnects exhibit inherent advantages in bandwidth, loss, and delay compared to the conventional copper wire based electrical interconnects, and will potentially generate significant performance gains and energy savings in future microprocessors. Currently, the on-chip optical interconnect schemes already proposed utilize circuit switching using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) or all-optical packet switching, all based on planar optical waveguides and related photonic devices such as microrings. These proposed approaches pose signicant challenges in latency, energy effciency, integration, and scalability. This thesis presents a new alternative approach by utilizing free-space optics. This 3-D integrated intra-chip free-space optical interconnect (FSOI) leverages mature photonic devices such as integrated lasers, photodiodes, microlenses and mirrors. It takes full advantages of the latest developments in 3-D integration technologies. This interconnect system provides point-to-point free-space optical links between any two communication nodes to construct an all-to-all intra-chip communication network with little or no arbitration. Therefore, it has significant networking advantages over conventional electrical and waveguide-based optical interconnects. FSOI eliminates the delays and energy consumption associated with packet switching, routing, and buffering of the conventional electrical and other optical networks, hence reducing the idling time of cores during data package transmission, which is the major bottleneck in the real-world performance of multi-core processors. FSOI also reduces the inter- connect loss and provides no bandwidth degradation for long distance transmission, achieving large bandwidth density. It eliminates the losses associated with waveguide crossings in large-scale systems and reduces the routing complexity significantly. In addition, it eliminates the crosstalk between long waveguides, improving the signal integrity. Finally, improved signal integrity of FSOI simplifies the electronics into conventional transceivers and eliminates the need for advanced signal processing techniques or equalization. Overall, the proposed FSOI system can achieve low latency and high energy efficiency without sacrificing bandwidth density. An FSOI system is evaluated based on the real device parameters, predictive technology models and International Roadmap of Semiconductor's predictions. A single FSOI link achieves 10-Gbps data rate with 0.5-pJ/bit energy efficiency and less than 10 -12 bit-error-rate (BER). A system using this individual link can provide scalability up to 36 nodes, providing 10-Tbps aggregate bandwidth. A comparison analysis performed between a WDM-based waveguide interconnect system and the proposed FSOI system shows that FSOI achieves better energy efficiency than the WDM one as the technology scales. Similarly, network simulation on a 16-core microprocessor using the proposed FSOI system instead of mesh networks has been shown to speed up the system by 12% and reduce the energy consumption by 33%. As a part of the development of a 3-D integrated FSOI system, operating at 850 nm with a 10-Gbps data rate per optical link, the photonics devices and optical components are individually designed and fabricated. The photodiodes (PDs) are designed to have large area for efficient light coupling and low capacitance to achieve large bandwidth, while achieving reasonably high responsivity. A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure is chosen over p-i-n ones to reduce parasitic capacitance per area, to allow less stringent microlens-to-PD alignment for efficient light coupling with a large bandwidth. A novel MSM germanium PD is implemented using an amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer on top of the undoped germanium substrate, serving as a barrier enhancement layer, mitigating the low Schottky barrier height for holes due to fermi level pinning and a surface passivation layer, preventing charge accumulation and image force lowering of the barrier. Therefore, the dark current is reduced and low-frequency gain is eliminated. The PDs achieve a 13-GHz bandwidth with a 0.315-A/W responsivity and a 1.7-nA[mu]m2 dark current density. The microlenses are fabricated on a fused silica substrate based on the photoresist melt-and-reflow technique, followed by dry etching into fused silica substrate. The measured focal length of a 220-[mu]m aperture size microlens is 350-[mu]m away from the backside of the substrate. The vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are fabricated on a commercial molecular beam epitaxially (MBE) grown GaAs wafer. The fabricated 8-[mu]m aperture size VCSEL can achieve 0.65-mW optical power at a 1.5-mA forward bias current with a threshold current of 0.48 mA and a 0.67-A/W slope efficiency. Three prototypes are implemented via integrating the individually fabricated components using non-conductive epoxy and wirebonding. The first prototype, built on a printed circuit board (PCB) using commercial VCSEL arrays, achieves a 5-dB transmission loss and less than -30-dB crosstalk at 1-cm distance with a small-signal bandwidth of 10 GHz, limited by the VCSEL. The second board-level prototype uses all fabricated components integrated on a PCB. The prototype achieves a 9-dB transmission loss at 3-cm distance and a 4.4-GHz bandwidth. The chip-level prototype is built on a germanium carrier with integrated MSM Ge PDs, microlenses on fused silica and VCSEL chip on GaAs substrates. The prototype achieves 4-dB transmission loss at 1 cm and 3.3-GHz bandwidth, limited by commercial VCSEL bandwidth"--Leaves vi-viii.

Download or read book Green Building Management and Smart Automation written by Solanki, Arun and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-07-05 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the world, there is an increasing demand on diminishing natural resources in the industrial, transport, commercial, and residential sectors. Of these, the residential sector uses the most energy on such needs as lighting, water heating, air conditioning, space heating, and refrigeration. This sector alone consumes one-third of the total primary energy resources available. By using green building and smart automation techniques, this demand for energy resources can be lowered. Green Building Management and Smart Automation is an essential scholarly publication that provides an in-depth analysis of design technologies for green building and highlights the smart automation technologies that help in energy conservation, along with various performance metrics that are necessary to facilitate a building to be known as a “Green Smart Building.” Featuring a range of topics such as environmental quality, energy management, and big data analytics, this book is ideal for researchers, engineers, policymakers, government officials, architects, and students.

Download or read book CMOSETR 2015 Abstracts written by CMOS Emerging Technologies Research and published by CMOS Emerging Technologies Research. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstracts for presentations at the CMOSETR 2015 conference, May 20-22, 2015.

Download or read book Semiconductor Physics and Applications written by M. Balkanski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook covers the basic physics of semiconductors and their applications to practical devices, with emphasis on the basic physical principles upon which these devices operate. Extensive use of figures is made to enhance the clarity of the presentation and to establish contact with the experimental side of the topic. Graduate students and lecturers in semiconductor physics, condensed matter physics, electromagnetic theory, and quantum mechanics will find this a useful textbook and reference work.

Download or read book CMOSET 2013 Vol 5 Optoelectronics and Imaging Track written by CMOS Emerging Technologies Research and published by CMOS Emerging Technologies. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presentation slides from the 2013 CMOS Emerging Technologies conference in Whistler, Canada

Download or read book Silicon Photonics for High Performance Computing and Beyond written by Mahdi Nikdast and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics is beginning to play an important role in driving innovations in communication and computation for an increasing number of applications, from health care and biomedical sensors to autonomous driving, datacenter networking, and security. In recent years, there has been a significant amount of effort in industry and academia to innovate, design, develop, analyze, optimize, and fabricate systems employing silicon photonics, shaping the future of not only Datacom and telecom technology but also high-performance computing and emerging computing paradigms, such as optical computing and artificial intelligence. Different from existing books in this area, Silicon Photonics for High-Performance Computing and Beyond presents a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art technology and research achievements in applying silicon photonics for communication and computation. It focuses on various design, development, and integration challenges, reviews the latest advances spanning materials, devices, circuits, systems, and applications. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Requirements and the latest advances in high-performance computing systems • Device- and system-level challenges and latest improvements to deploy silicon photonics in computing systems • Novel design solutions and design automation techniques for silicon photonic integrated circuits • Novel materials, devices, and photonic integrated circuits on silicon • Emerging computing technologies and applications based on silicon photonics Silicon Photonics for High-Performance Computing and Beyond presents a compilation of 19 outstanding contributions from academic and industry pioneers in the field. The selected contributions present insightful discussions and innovative approaches to understand current and future bottlenecks in high-performance computing systems and traditional computing platforms, and the promise of silicon photonics to address those challenges. It is ideal for researchers and engineers working in the photonics, electrical, and computer engineering industries as well as academic researchers and graduate students (M.S. and Ph.D.) in computer science and engineering, electronic and electrical engineering, applied physics, photonics, and optics.

Download or read book Soft Computing for Intelligent Systems written by Nikhil Marriwala and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 653 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents high-quality research papers presented at the International Conference on Soft Computing for Intelligent Systems (SCIS 2020), held during 18–20 December 2020 at University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. The book encompasses all branches of artificial intelligence, computational sciences and machine learning which is based on computation at some level such as AI-based Internet of things, sensor networks, robotics, intelligent diabetic retinopathy, intelligent cancer genes analysis using computer vision, evolutionary algorithms, fuzzy systems, medical automatic identification intelligence system and applications in agriculture, health care, smart grid and instrumentation systems. The book is helpful for educators, researchers and developers working in the area of recent advances and upcoming technologies utilizing computational sciences in signal processing, imaging, computing, instrumentation, artificial intelligence and their applications.