Download or read book Endohedral Fullerenes and Their Interaction with Surface written by Kaliappan Muthukumar and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fullerenes, the hollow carbon cages of order of 1 nm in diameter, are considered as building block for nanoscience and are employed in many areas of applied and fundamental nanoscience. Endohedral fullerenes represent a remarkable form of matter where an atom or cluster of atoms is encapsulated within a fullerene cage. With potential applications ranging from 'tracers' in biological systems to qubits in quantum computers, endohedral fullerenes - in common with the entire family of fullerene molecules - are an extremely important molecular material in state-of-the-art nanoscience. Despite this, there is a paucity of work related to the determination of ground state structure of endohedral fullerenes and elucidating their interactions with solid surfaces - an essential prerequisite for many nanotechnological applications. In this thesis, we present our results on the structural, electronic and vibrational characterization of cerium endohedral fullerenes such as Ce@C60, Ce@C78, Ce2@C78, Ce@C80, Ce2@C80, Ce@C82, etc,. We analyze the preferential bonding site of Ce in these cages, which differ in size and symmetry, and propose a general postulate for the growth mechanism of endohedral fullerenes. Also, we explain the nature of the charge transfer between the Ce atoms and the cage (C78, C82 and C80) and elucidate the oxidation state of Ce in these materials by comparing the charge transfer in the conventional Ce tri halides (CeF3, CeBr3). In addition, we analyse the computed electron density and describe various features observed in the spectrum of Ce@C82 and Ce2@C80 in a variety of experiments (scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS), in-elastic tunnelling spectroscopy and resonant photoemission spectroscopy (RESPES) by simulating them with density functional theory (DFT).
Download or read book Fullerenes written by Karl M. Kadish and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 995 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fullerenes-a guide to the current state of knowledge in the field The last decade has seen an explosion of research into the chemical and physical properties of a promising new class of carbon-based materials known as fullerenes. Karl Kadish and Rodney Ruoff, two highly recognized leaders in the fullerene and nanotube research community, edit a comprehensive and much-needed survey of this important and rapidly evolving field. Contributions by experts in diverse areas of chemistry, physics, pharmacology, materials science, and chemical engineering provide an excellent introduction to fullerenes and highlight their considerable potential in such cutting-edge applications as semiconductor materials, new pharmaceutical compounds, and polymers. From the electrochemistry of fullerenes to molecular and solid C36, this book offers a remarkably fresh and authoritative look at some of the hottest research topics today, including: * Organic functionalization of fullerenes * Photophysical properties of different types of fullerenes * Polyfunctional polymer derivatives of fullerenes * The theory and production of endohedral metallofullerenes * Fullerene surface interactions * Superconductivity in fullerenes * Synthesis of materials incorporated within carbon nanotubes
Download or read book Handbook of Fullerene Science and Technology written by Xing Lu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-24 with total page 1029 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocarbon chemistry and physics is a fast-developing, broad research area – the Nobel prizes in 1996 and 2010 awarded to two key discoveries in the field, and several other nanocarbon achievements of comparable importance. Owing to this rapid growth, the nanocarbon landscape fundamentally changes every few years, creating a need to survey the field on a regular basis to update the books that have become incomplete or even obsolete. As such, this book focuses on fullerenes and metallofullerenes and also on the related areas of nanotubes and graphenes. All the covered research topics provide important fundamental knowledge for the natural sciences, but also for applications in molecular electronics, superconductivity, catalysis, photovoltaics and medical diagnostics. The current nanocarbon research activities have particularly high application potential in the conversion of solar energy, future molecular memories, non-conventional materials for optoelectronics, and new treatments for civilization diseases. Offering a truly up-to-date critical survey of nanocarbon science, its concepts and highlights, it follows the concept of a handbook: it addresses key topics systematically, from historical background, methodological aspects, current important issues, and application potential, all supplied with extensive referencing. With individual chapters written by leading experts with extensive research experience, it is a comprehensive reference resource for graduate students and active researchers alike.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials written by Karl M. Kadish and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endohedral Metallofullerenes written by Xing Lu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge on endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) has increased dramatically during the last decade. Numerous research findings have been reported, making it an opportune time to provide a systematic update on EMFs. Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Basics and Applications presents the most comprehensive review on all aspects of EMFs including their generation, extraction and isolation, structural issues, theories, intrinsic properties, chemical behaviors, and potential applications. In this book, the editors have collected an impressive amount of information regarding this family of a truly sui generis form of matter. The book’s authors were chosen for their specific expertise in EMF research and have been gathered from top research groups from around the world. Graduate students, newcomers to the field, and experienced researchers alike will find this book a highly useful reference on the topic.
Download or read book Endohedral Fullerenes written by Shangfeng Yang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endohedral fullerenes represent a novel family of carbon nanostructures, which are characterized by a robust fullerene cage with atoms, ions, or clusters trapped in its interior. Since the first separation of the endohedral metallofullerene La@C 82 in 1991, a large variety of endohedral structures have been isolated and their endohedral nature has been proved by experimental studies. Within the past two decades, the world of endohedral fullerenes was significantly enlarged by the clusterfullerenes and the new carbon cages including non-IPR (IPR=isolated pentagon rule) structures. Resulting from the charge transfer from the encaged species to the fullerene cage, endohedral fullerenes hold a lot of fascinating properties inaccessible by the empty fullerenes, and consequently promise potential applications in biomedicine, molecular electronics and photonics etc. The book provides a comprehensive overview of endohedral fullerenes focused on the new advances in the past decade, including its fundamentals (structures), synthesis, isolation, characterization, properties, functionalization as well as the applications, thus representing the most updated and broad review of this exciting field. Sample Chapter(s). Foreword (52 KB). Chapter 1: The Early Days of Metallofullerene Research (457 KB). Contents: Conventional Endohedral Metallofullerenes; Synthesis and Isolation of Endohedral Fullerenes; Structure of Endohedral Fullerenes; Metal Nitride Clusterfullerenes; Metal Carbide Clusterfullerenes; Non-IPR Endohedral Fullerenes; Metal Oxide Clusterfullerenes; Nitrogen Atom-Based Endohedral Fullerenes; Rare Gas Atoms-Based Endohedral Fullerenes; Electrochemical Properties of Endohedral Fullerenes; Chemistry of Endohedral Metallofullerenes; Computational Study of Endohedral Fullerenes; Biomedical Applications of Endohedral Fullerenes; Photovoltaic Applications of Endohedral Fullerenes. Readership: Advanced undergraduates and graduate students, scientists in Chemistry, Physics, and Materials Science, researchers and professionals in the fields of fullerenes and all-carbon nanomaterials, and the general public.
Download or read book Physics And Chemistry Of Fullerenes And Derivatives Proceedings Of The International Winterschool On Electronic Properties Of Novel Materials written by Jorg Fink and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-06-30 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 1995 witnessed the tenth anniversary of the International Winterschools in Kirchberg, Tyrol/Austria. These schools are devoted to the Electronic Properties of Novel Materials, having started with coverage of research on conducting polymers and high temperature superconductors to presently focusing on Fullerene, the newly discovered third allotrope of carbon.This year's proceedings present about ten tutorial and review papers on physics, chemistry, and material science of Fullerene, Fullerene derivatives and nanotubes, as well as bout a hundred research contributions on the latest development in this field including a summary on the assessment of the applications potential of the materials and phenomena which have already evolved from the activities in the past couple of years.
Download or read book Endohedral Metallofullerenes written by Hisanori Shinohara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Fullerenes with Metal Inside presents a comprehensive survey of the current state of knowledge on endohedral metallofullerenes, from preparation to functionalization, reactivity and applications. Following a brief historical overview, the book describes methods for synthesis, extraction, separation and purification, and provides an insight into the molecular and crystal structures. Subsequent chapters discuss various categories of endohedral metallofullerenes based on the encapsulated species, including carbides, nitrides, sulphides, oxides, non-metal and non-IPR endohedral metallofullerenes, followed by scanning tunneling microscopy studies and the examination of electronic, vibrational, magnetic and optical properties. The book concludes with chapters addressing the chemical functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes, and applications ranging from solar cells to biomedicine.
Download or read book Fullerenes and Relative Materials written by Natalia Kamanina and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-04-25 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the period of rapid and intensive development of general electronics, this book entitled Fullerenes and Relative Materials - Properties and Applications is quite systematic and useful. It considers some aspects on synthesis, structural, vibrational, tribology, and optical properties of the fullerenes and relative materials. Some parts of the book present the specific area of the applications of the studied nanostructures. The book contains eight chapters. The special approach and interesting results on the unique properties of the materials studied as well as the different areas of their applications in general optoelectronics, solar energy and gas storage, laser and display, and biomedicine are shown. It is important for education process and for the civil and special device operations.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials written by Karl M. Kadish and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 1997 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endohedral Fullerenes Electron Transfer and Spin written by Alexey A. Popov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses recent progress in endohedral fullerenes – their production and separation techniques, as well as their characterization and properties. Furthermore, the book delves into the all-important issue of stability by investigating electron transfer between the encapsulated metal species and the carbon cage. It also reviews spin-based phenomena caused by the shielding of endohedral spin by the fullerene, and analyzes formation of the spin states by charge transfer as studied by electron spin resonance. Tuning of charge states of endohedral species and of spin states of both the cage and the cluster are explained. Finally, the book considers the recent discovery of magnetism in some endohedral fullerenes, and the potential for quantum computing.
Download or read book The Chemical Physics of Fullerenes 10 and 5 Years Later written by W. Andreoni and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-03-31 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A decade has elapsed since the discovery of C60 in molecular beams, and five years since the first synthesis of solid C60. At the time, the opening of a new era for chemistry was foreseen and high expectations were shared by physicists and material scientists. Where are we now? Where are we aiming? What can we expect from now on? The answer will be found in this volume, written by the protagonists of the fullerene adventure. There is a whole new generation of materials now, in the form of molecules, solids, nanostructures, either directly derived from Bucky or inspired by it. They continue to create new challenges to our fundamental understanding and seem to be ready for important, long-lasting applications. Audience: The book is mainly directed to specialized scientists - physicists, chemists, material scientists and biochemists - who will find it a source of learning and inspiration. Younger researchers, too, will find it fascinating, since it allows them to learn about and quickly acquire a critical view of an interdisciplinary, frontier subject.
Download or read book Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes written by M. S. Dresselhaus and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-03-20 with total page 985 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of fullerenes (also known as buckyballs) has generated tremendous excitement and opened up a new field of carbon chemistry. As the first book available on this topic, this volume will be a landmark reference in the field. Because buckyballs are essentially closed hollow cages made up of carbon atoms, they can be manipulated in a variety of ways to yield never-before-seen materials. The balls can, for instance, be doped with atoms or pulled out into tubules and filled with lead to provide properties of high-temperature superconductivity. Researchers can now create their own buckyballs in a process that is almost as simple as making soot, making this research as inexpensive as it is exotic (which has doubtless contributed to its popularity). Researchers anticipate that fullerenes will offer boundless opportunities in the development of new products, drugs and materials. Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes introduces materials scientists, chemists, and solid state physicists to the field of fullerenes, and discusses the unique properties and applications. both current and future, of all classes of fullerenes. Key Features * First comprehensive resource on fullerenes and their applications * Provides an introduction to the topic * Presents an extensive discussion of current and future applications of Fullerenes * Covers all classes of fullerenes
Download or read book Nuclear and Radiation Chemical Approaches to Fullerene Science written by Tibor Braun and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface by Sir Harold W. Kroto, FRS Although the discovery of C60 is now almost 15 years old and the extraction occurred 60 nearly ten years ago it is amazing that the range of spin-off research still seems to expand without limits. The birth of the Fullerenes has spawned fascinating research programmes in almost every area of chemistry and physics and this monograph explores a particularly interesting and important area - the behaviour of these pure carbon cages in the presence of high-energy radiation. The C molecules must also be in the space 60 between the stars (albeit in quantities too small to detect at this time) as the conditions in the atmospheres of some carbon stars appear to be almost identical to the plasmas generated in the Kratschmer-Huffman system for making C60. The conditions in space 60 are very varied as it is pervaded by a plethora of high-energy particles (photons, cosmic rays, etc.) and the chapters in this book discuss, among other things, the response of C60 and various derivatives to probing by a range of high-energy particles. Various fullerenes and fullerene salts have been examined by positron annihilation techniques, revealing details of their electronic and structural properties as well as phase transition behaviour. Muons have been implanted to enable mSR techniques to probe with high sensitivity the endohedral electronic structures of fullerenes including those in superconducting systems. Mossbauer spectroscopy can give valuable information about the interactions in certain types of organometallic complexes and in particular it can reveal the degree of charge transfer in endohedral species. Nuclear irradiation/radiochemical analytical techniques have been applied resulting in information ranging widely from the stability of the fullerene cage containing endohedral metal atoms in various oxidation states to pharmaceutical studies of the distribution of fullerenes in the internal organs of animals. Time resolved pulsed radio lysis provides information at high sensitivity enabling micromolar concentrations to be probed e.g. C60 in water in which it is almost insoluble! Redox and rate constant measurements have given useful information on photolytically generated radical ion pairs involving a variety of fullerenes. Interesting accounts of observations involving the production of rare gas endohedral species by nuclear recoil have revealed information about the recoil mechanism. From the first moment of its discovery the unique cage structure of C60 initiated thoughts about the interesting possibility of encapsulation of atoms and molecules. One possibility that immediately suggested itself was the isolation of chemically toxic radionuclides by encapsulation in the (supposedly chemically innocuous) cage for pharmaceutical purposes. The possibility of creating cages carrying a radioactive atom inside the cage and moieties outside with molecular recognition capabilities is a most exciting prospect and discussion is included of some important first steps aimed at achieving this fascinating breakthrough. Another problem dealt with in this monograph is the effect of elemental impurities which has, as our studies progress, become more and more a matter of concern and interest. Impurities can have important effects on the observed physical and chemical behaviour of fullerenes, especially when very sensitive probe techniques are applied. This valuable book reviews some detailed studies of fundamental properties of fullerenes, which are leading to a deeper understanding of their behaviour in the presence of high energy radiation. The information obtained already and that which will be garnered in future studies of the kind described here is an absolutely necessary prerequisite for success in applications.
Download or read book Radical Reactions of Fullerenes and their Derivatives written by B.L. Tumanskii and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-31 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of fullerenes and the unique nature of fullerene radicals has opened novel opportunities in radical chemistry, according to Tumanskii and Kalina, who both work at the Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds in Moscow. In this monograph, they review the basic data on fullerenes and free radicals, and the theoretical and applied significance of the chemistry of homolytic radical reactions for fullerenes. Includes diagrams of these carbon clusters whose surface is formed by 12 pentagons and any number of hexagons. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Fullerenes written by Karl M. Kadish and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fullerene, molekulare "Fu?balle" aus 60 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen, sind eine Substanzklasse mit vielversprechenden Zukunftsaussichten, beispielsweise als Halbleiter, als Basis pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe oder Polymerwerkstoffe. Dieses Buch bietet Ihnen einen aktuellen Uberblick uber das dynamische Forschungsgebiet. Zur Sprache kommen modernste Themen wie Metallofullerene, Nanorohren und organisch funktionalisierte Fullerenverbindungen. (06/00)
Download or read book Synthesis and Applications of Nanocarbons written by Jean-Charles Arnault and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crucial overview of the cutting-edge in nanocarbon research and applications In Synthesis and Applications of Nanocarbons, the distinguished authors have set out to discuss fundamental topics, synthetic approaches, materials challenges, and various applications of this rapidly developing technology. Nanocarbons have recently emerged as a promising material for chemical, energy, environmental, and medical applications because of their unique chemical properties and their rich surface chemistries. This book is the latest entry in the Wiley book series Nanocarbon Chemistry and Interfaces and seeks to comprehensively address many of the newly surfacing areas of controversy and development in the field. This book introduces foundational concepts in nanocarbon technology, hybrids, and applications, while also covering the most recent and cutting-edge developments in this area of study. Synthesis and Applications of Nanocarbons addresses new discoveries in the field, including: · Nanodiamonds · Onion-like carbons · Carbon nanotubes · Fullerenes · Carbon dots · Carbon fibers · Graphene · Aerographite This book provides a transversal view of the various nanocarbon materials and hybrids and helps to share knowledge between the communities of each material and hybrid type.
